Progress 11/12/13 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is veterinarians, livestock entomologists, deer herd managers, beef herd managers, and dairy farm managers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students and one postdoctoral fellow were involved as well as 3 undergrate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results were routinely presented at the annual meeting of the regional project on livestock insects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Treated targets were developed for stable fly control. Tests using untreated targets were designed to answer questions about configuration, size, and color relative to efficacy and stability in high winds. Studies with electric grid targets and with targets paired with Olson traps showed clothtarget color attraction in the following decreasing order: black > blue-black > blue. A solid black target is easier to make than a blue-black target because no sewing is involved. Attraction was not affected when flat 1-m2 targets were formed into cylinders, despite the limited view of the blue and black colors together. There was no reduction in attraction when the 1-m2 cylindrical targets were compared with smaller (63 × 30 cm high) cylindrical targets. In addition, there was no difference in attraction between the small blue-black, blue, and black targets. Significanceof findings and implications of potential uses for treated targets are discussed. Target attraction was indicated by the numbers of stable flies captured on an Olson sticky trap placed 30 cm from the target. Although this system is adequate for field research, it greatly underestimates the actual numbers of stable flies attracted to treated targets. Horn fly populations from several countries have developed resistance to many of the products available for their control. In an attempt to better understand the adult horn fly and the development of resistance in natural populations,we used an Illuminapaired-endread HiSeqand GAII approach to determine the transcriptomes of untreated control adult females, untreated control adult males, permethrin-treated surviving adult males and permethrin-piperonylbutoxide-treated killed adult males from a Louisiana population of horn flies with a moderate level of pyrethroid resistance.Atotal of 128,769,829, 127,276,458,67,653,920,and64,270,124quality-filteredIlluminareads were obtained for untreated control adult females, untreated control adult males, permethrin-treated surviving adult males and permethrin-piperonylbutoxide-treated andkilled adult males, respectively. The de novo assemblies using CLCGenomics Workbench8.0.1 yielded 15,699; 11,961;2672;7278 contigs(Z 200nt) for untreated control adult females, untreated control adult males, permethrin-treated surviving adult males and permethrin-piperonylbutoxide-treated killedadult males, respectively. More than 56% of the assembled contigs of each data set had significant hits in the BlastX(UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database). These data provide a baseline for future trascriptomic studies on insecticide resistance.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Domingues, L, F. Guerrero, C. Cameron, A. Farmer, K.Bendele, and L.Foil. 2018. The assembled transcriptome of the adult horn fly, Haematobia irritans. Data in Brief 19. 19331940.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Brito, L., Barbier, F., Rocha, R., Santos, A., Silva, R., Ribeiro, E, Guerrero, F., Foil, L., Oliveira, M. 2018 Pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticide resistance in field populations of horn fly in Brazil Medical and Veterinary Entomology, doi: 10.1111/mve.12330
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Husseneder, C., Park J., & Foil, L. D. 2018 Recovery of horse fly populations in Louisiana marshes following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Sci. Rep., 8, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31442-1
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hogsette, J. and L. Foil. 2018. Blue and Black Cloth Targets: Effects of Size, Shape, and Color on Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Attraction. Journal of Economic Entomology, toy015, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy015
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is veterinarians, livestock entomologists, deer herd managers, beef herd managers, and dairy farm managers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students and one postdoctoral fellow were involved as well as 3 undergraduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results were presented at the annual meeting of the regional project on livestock insects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Horn fly populations from several countries have developed resistance to many of the products available for their control. In an attempt to better understand the adult horn fly and the development of resistance in natural populations,we used an Illuminapaired-endread HiSeqand GAII approach to determine the transcriptomes of untreated control adult females, untreated control adult males, permethrin-treated surviving adult males and permethrin-piperonylbutoxide-treated killed adult males from a Louisiana population of horn flies with a moderate level of pyrethroid resistance.Atotal of 128,769,829, 127,276,458,67,653,920,and64,270,124quality-filteredIlluminareads were obtained for untreated control adult females, untreated control adult males, permethrin-treated surviving adult males and permethrin-piperonylbutoxide-treated killed adult males, respectively. The de novo assemblies using CLCGenomicsWorkbench8.0.1 yielded 15,699, 11,961,2672,7278 contigs(Z 200nt) for untreated control adult females, untreated control adult males, permethrin-treated surviving adult males and permethrin-piperonylbutoxide-treated killedadult males, respectively. More than 56% of the assembled contigs of each data set had significant hits in the BlastX(UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database)(E o0.001). These data provide a baseline for future trascriptomic studies on insecticide resistance.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Domingues, L, F. Guerrero, C. Cameron, A. Farmer, K.Bendele, and L.Foil. 2018. The assembled transcriptome of the adult horn fly, Haematobia irritans. Data in Brief 19. 19331940.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Brito, L., Barbier, F., Rocha, R., Santos, A., Silva, R., Ribeiro, E, Guerrero, F., Foil, L., Oliveira, M. 2018 Pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticide resistance in field populations of horn fly in Brazil Medical and Veterinary Entomology, doi: 10.1111/mve.12330
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is veterinarians, livestock entomologists, deer herd managers, beef herd managers, and dairy farm managers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?There were 2 graduate students who participated in the project, as well as 2 undergraduates. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?These studies were presented and discussed at regional project meetings. The results were also submitted for publication in a peer reviewed journal. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Projects on the role of target site resistance resulting in insecticide resistance in horn flies will be summarized and disseminated to communities of interest.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Previously, we used electric grid techniques to show that up to 769 (average of 350) stable flies per hour landed on blue-black cloth targets and that flies were not repelled by the lamda-cyhalothrin treatments. We also showed that flies that were exposed to treated targets for 30 sec did not survive. The blue-black targets were selected for use in stable fly control efforts because similar targets are used for area-wide control strategies for tsetse in Africa. The construction of the blue-black targets requires time to assemble and mend the two pieces of cloth. Therefore, we conducted electric grid studies to compare the landing rates on blue, black, and blue-black 1 M cloth targets. Materials and methods: All studies were conducted at the LSUAgcenter Reproductive Biology Center, St. Gabriel, La. Electric target studies comparing black, blue and blue-black 1 M targets on 4 days from 14 March to 12 April 2011 and on 8 days from 8 February to 26 March 2012. The treatments were separated by at least 100 M, and each day each grid occurred at each of 3 sites with one hour collections. Results: For the comparisons of the three electric targets, there was no difference among all 3 treatments for the raw mean in 2011(p=0.36) and in 2012 (p=0.84) or for the log transformed mean 2011(p=0.90) and 2012 (p=0.78). In both years, the black and blue-black targets captured more flies that the blue targets numerically.Conclusion:The attractiveness of black targets and blue/black targets to stable flies was approximately the same. Stable flies land on black targets and blue/black targets at a higher rate than on blue targets under some conditions and the reverse did not occur. Weekly tests show this pattern throughout the stable fly season. These results support the idea that solid black targets, which are easier to make than blue/black targets, can be as effective for stable fly control as blue/black targets.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hogsette, J. and L. Foil. 2018. Blue and Black Cloth Targets: Effects of Size, Shape, and Color on Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Attraction. Journal of Economic Entomology, toy015, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy015
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is Regional Project members, Medical and veterinary entomologists, coastal studies scientists, and livestock extension personnel. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three undergraduates and one graduate student participated infield studies for both tabanids and culicoides. The students learned the appropriate surveillance tools needed for these pests of livestock as well as identification techniques. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results for the flight activity periods were presented at the 2016 annual meeting of the Louisiana White-tailed Deer Association. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We intend to repeat the studies described in this report to achieve an ample number of replications to allow statistical analysis and subsequent publicaiton. The results of the netting study will be presented at the2017annual meeting of the Louisiana White-tailed Deer Association.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We have studied the impact of effective area-wide control programs on tabanid populations and have shownconsistant population recovery following a major impact. For culicoides, the optimal time for deer producers to apply aerial insecticide applications in efforts to prevent Orbivirus transmssion is dawn. Under the conditions ofthis study, treated netting arenas had fewer culicoides per trap than the control arena, but the differences were not statistically different. One project is to compare adult horse fly populations following a simulated area-wide control program. We made 31 trips for adult horse fly surveillance (Tabanus nigrovittatus) in multiple sites within four locations in 2016. Data from a previously impacted location was not different than one of the non-oiled locations. Rotator traps were deployed in August and September 2016 at the Idlewild Research Station near cattle pastures. There werefour time periods of rotation. The primary activity periods of the primary vector species was from 6-8 am. In another study, the use of commercial treated netting for protecting deer from insect attack was evaluated. Ten meter square arenas surrounded by 1m or 2m high netting versus no netting were used. Alight trap was placed in the center of each arena for overnight trapping. These data are being analyzed.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Husseneder, C., Donaldson, J. R., and Foil, L. D. 2016. Impact of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill on population size and genetic structure of horse flies in Louisiana marshes. Nature Scientific Reports 6:18968; DOI: 10.1038/srep18968
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is mombers of the regional project on fly management and impacts on animal health, Veterinarians, medical and veterinary entomlogists, county agents and livestock producers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A graduate student is being trained on dissection of tabanid larrae to obtain gut samples to be used for molecular identification of the tabanid larvae food web. The results of this work will be used to evaluate the effects of different environmental changes on annual tabanid populations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results were presented at the annual meeting of the S1060 meeting and published by the Office of International Epizooties. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?For Goal 1, we will develop molecular tools to use in identification of vital parts of tabanid larval food webs which can be manipulated for areawide control programs for tabanid control. For Goal 2, we plan to publish information genertated by phenotype-genotype assays that will allow other livestock entomologists, veterinarians and county agents to screen for resistance mechanisms and generate fly management strategies. For Goal 3, results will be presented at the S1060 annual meeting.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Amanuscript was generated that describes the role of insects in the mechanical transmission of retroviruses and other agents when compared to iatrogenic transmission by man. The goal of the paper was to educate an international audience onprotocolsto reduce transmission of agents involved in livestock disease.
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Issel, C.J. and L.D. Foil. 2015. Equine infectious anaemia and mechanical transmission: man and the wee beesties. Rev. Sci.Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 34: 513-523.
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Progress 11/12/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience is veterinarians and livestock entomologists, particularly the members of the S-1060 regional project. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? An undergraduate student participated in the microsattelite development project and a postdoctoral fellow from Brazil was involved in the horn fly resistance studies. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The cyclodiene resistance studies from 2013 were reported to the members of the S-1060 regional project members at the annual conference. The tabanid papers were published in journals of interest to the veterinary entomology community. The horse fly genetics study was popularized for our Louisiana Agriculture magazine which is widely distributed to producers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? For resistance management, we will publish results of a new phenotype-genotype assay to allow discrimination of the sodium channel mutation in horn flies. We also will conduct a retrospective study on the occurence of target site resistance tothree different classes of insecticides relative to farm practices. For the population ecology of tabanids, we will examine the effects of habitat changes on the population structure of horse flies.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal 1. We developed microsatellites for population analysis of the greenhead horse fly, Tabanus nigrovittatus. This will allow us to conduct comprehensive studies on the population ecology of this autogenous species of horse flies. We also published an article on the importance of horse flies as important vectors of disease agents in which we summarized the methods available for management. Goal 2. In 2013, we discovered the Rdl mutaton in association with a cyclodiene resistant population of horn flies and published that finding in the journal Veterinary Parasitology. In 2014, we developed and published a paper on a multiplex PCR reaction for simultaneous detection of pyrethroid, organophosphate, and cyclodiene target site resistance in horn flies. These reports will aid in the detection and management of horn fly populations.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Lu�sa N. Domingues, Felix D. Guerrero, and Lane D. Foil. 2014. Simultaneous Detection of Pyrethroid, Organophosphate, and Cyclodiene Target Site Resistance in Haematobia irritans(Diptera: Muscidae) by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. J Med Entomol. 51: 964-970.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
C Husseneder, J. Delatte, J. Krumholt, and L. Foil. 2014. Development of microsatellites for population genetic analyses a of the green head horse fly, Tabanus nigrovittatus (Diptera: Tabanidae). J. Med. Entomol. 51:114-118.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
F Baldacchino, M Desquesnes, S Mihok, L Foil, G Duvallet and S Jittapalapong. 2014. Tabanids: neglected subjects of research, but important vectors of disease agents! Infection, Genetics and Evolution. Infect Genet Evol. 28:596-615.
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