Source: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT OF TICK AND MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES OF PUBLIC AND VETERINARY HEALTH IN WEST CENTRAL UNITED STATES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1001963
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Nov 20, 2013
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078
Performing Department
Entomology And Plant Pathology
Non Technical Summary
Mosquito and tick-borne diseases thrive in in specific environments where humans and animals are in close contact with tick and mosquito vectors which transmit the diseases. The scientific literature, recent and historical, indicates that the transmission of many pathogens occurs in Oklahoma and surrounding states (Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas), but the factors which contribute to disease transmission are not well understood. Many of the same factors are applicable to several different important tick and mosquito-borne diseases in the region. With the current range of potential pathogens in Oklahoma, studies envisioned in this project will seek to better understand specific interactions within two important disease systems: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and dog heartworm. This will be in addition to other diseases which may become important during the next 5 year period. The benefits of this research will provide the opportunity to train personnel locally as well as network with state and regional public health and veterinary professionals to work toward effective integrated control and prevention strategies for important disease transmitted by ticks and mosquitoes.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
30%
Applied
50%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
7223120113060%
7226099113040%
Goals / Objectives
1. Explore the distribution of ticks which vector RMSF and Ehrlichia species in West Central US and their interactions with human and animal hosts in specific landscape ecologies. 2. Monitor mosquito dynamics in representative sites for different landscape ecologies in central Oklahoma and the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in those populations 3. Investigate the emergent potential for other vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma.
Project Methods
Objective 1 will be linked in trying to define the interrelationships between Rickettsia/Ehrlichia species and the tick species which transmit them. Because RMSF and ehrlichiosis are reportable diseases in Oklahoma and more than 50% of RMSF case exposure in Oklahoma occurs in residential areas, the main focus will be to build a spatial risk model (Eisen & Eisen, 2008) using 1) tick presence data - both historical and actual (to monitor changes in tick populations in the state in time), and 2) work with the Oklahoma Department of Health to sample tick populations in areas where cases have been reported. Tick-borne disease surveillance involves the collection of information related to tick distribution, population dynamics and infection rates in specific sites which are representative of the landscapes where the majority of transmission is occurring in the state of Oklahoma. Using appropriate forms of trapping (dragging, flagging, and CO2 baiting), ticks will be sampled, geo-registered to where they were collected, and tested for pathogens using the diagnostics developed in objective 3. In the lab, ticks will be identified to species and pooled. Pools of ticks will be assayed for the presence of rickettsial pathogens as discussed above. From the data collected, spatial risk maps will be created and appropriate validation of the model will occur in subsequent years. Objective 2 will occur mainly in Payne County, Oklahoma. The primary approach will be to sample adult mosquitos from representative landscapes in the county. Sampling methods will include: 1) ovipositional traps to monitor key vector species and 2) CO2 baited CDC traps and gravid traps to monitor host-seeking or blood-fed mosquitoes to monitor infected mosquitoes. Once in the lab, the mosquitoes will be separated by species and dissection will separate their heads from their bodies so as to find the prevalence of mosquitoes harboring infectious L3 larvae. This will be confirmed using simple PCR to ensure no infection is missed. From the data collected, spatial risk maps will be created and validated according to appropriate protocols. Because it is not yet possible to anticipate which pathogens may become important in Oklahoma and the West Central region in the next 5 years, all investigations under Objective 3 will follow evidence-based protocols working together with State authorities.

Progress 11/20/13 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Public health and veterinary professionals who focus on vector-borne diseases within the United States. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The graduate research assistantship for Jessica Mitcham toward the attainment of a Master's degree. The funding of research for one PhD, 3 Master's students and several undergraduate researchers. The funding of numerous presentations at regional and national meetings. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?All results from studies funded by the project have either been presented at regional or national professional meetings or published in peer-reviewed journals or both. All presentations and publications acknowledged project support. Additionally, much of the research has been incorporated into extension-related presentations for various groups in Oklahoma, providing important information to the local community that experiences the effect of vector-borne diseases. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Using the results produced from these first five years of project funding, the Noden lab will continue to build on the baseline data in the next 5 years in the next project.We anticipate continued incorporation of community stakeholders into the discovery process as well as continued training of students at all levels.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1: Explore the distribution of ticks which vector RMSF and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species in West Central US and their interactions with human and animal hosts in specific landscape ecologies. In the past five years, the Noden lab has been involved in several projects which have explored the ecology of tick populations in the West Central region: We were involved in a state-wide active surveillance study to update the distribution of 5 major tick species in Oklahoma. Active surveillance has also included habitat studies in central and western Oklahoma, tick exposure risk and pathogen prevalence in state parks as well as ten Oklahoma City parks. Jessica Mitcham, supported by project funding for her GRA, monitored tick species on two populations of American black bear in SE Oklahoma in the summer as well as hibernating bear and their cubs in the winter. Jaclyn Martin, whose research was supported by project funding, began developing an isothermal molecular diagnostic tool to detect Rickettsia DNA from field-collected ticks. This work was completed by Yisel Carillo, a visiting undergraduate intern, who created a visualization component to the isothermal molecular diagnostic tool to detect rickettsial DNA from field-collected ticks and fleas. Krista Pike, whose research (but not GRA) was supported by project funding, worked on a two component Master's degree project: 1) A lab and field study to evaluate the responses of Amblyomma maculatum, a tick of known agricultural importance, to odorants to enhance field collection; and 2) Developed and conducted a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Survey of Ticks with Oklahoma Beef Producers to find out what they know about ticks and their perception of risk to themselves and their livestock. Goal 2: Monitor mosquito in representative sites for different landscape ecologies in central Oklahoma and the prevalence of mosquito-borne disease in those populations. In the past five years, the Noden lab has been involved in several projects which have explored the ecology of mosquito populations in the West Central region: Initial work investigated specific mosquito-related questions through collaborators, evaluating the ecology of Aedes japonicus, a recent mosquito species that invaded the United States, as well as analyzing the impact of inter- and intra-specific competition among larvae on larval, adult, and life-table traits of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females. Surveillance work focused on mosquito populations in Oklahoma, developing a baseline for significant mosquito species across the state. These involved Ae. albopictus then expanded to Ae. aegypti, Ae. japonicus, and Culex coronator along with 59 other species encountered in the state. Other studieshave focused on mosquito communities and potential pathogens in urban areas in diverse ecoregions within the state. When one study discovered Ae. aegypti for the first time in over 70 years, Master's student, Jordan Sanders, focused on container-breeding species in urban clusters in southern Oklahoma. Recent research by Ph.D. student, Noel Cote has focused on how woody plant encroachment in central and western Oklahoma has impacted mosquito communities on the Great Plains. Other projects have included testing the effects of two commercial herbicides (Roundup and Beyond) used widely in agriculture on mosquito development from larvae to adults and measuring mosquito stylet-probing behavior by electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings using the Zika virus vector, Aedes aegypti, to identify which may be involved in disease transmission dynamics. Goal 3: Investigate the emergent potential for other vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma. Results were published from a Master's degree which detailed the feeding preferences of Ix. scapularis ticks for reptiles in Oklahoma as well as the identification of an adult Amblyomma longirostre female tick in southeastern Oklahoma. Supporting the research of two undergraduate students, fleas collected from client-owned dogs and cats from two urban centers in Oklahoma were found positive for Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis DNA which could have ramifications for exposure to rickettsial diseases for humans and their companion animals in the region.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dubie, T, Turner, J, Noden, BH. 2018. Questing behavior and analysis of tick-borne bacteria in Ixodes scapularis in Oklahoma. Journal of Medical Entomology 55(6): 1569-1574.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Mitcham, JR, Talley, JL, Noden, BH. 2018. Risk of encountering questing ticks (Ixodidae) and the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Oklahoma State Parks. Southwest Entomologist 43(2): 303-315.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bradt, D, Coburn, L, Bradley, KK, Noden, BH. 2018. First record of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Oklahoma, 2017. Journal of American Mosquito Control Association 34(1):3841.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Noden, BH, Martin, J, Carrillo, Y, Talley, JL, Ochoa-Corona, F. 2018, Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid screening of ticks and fleas for Spotted Fever group rickettsia. PloS One 13(2): e0192331.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Noden, BH, Bradt, DL, Bradley, KK, Hoback, WW. 2017. Differentiation of mosquito community by urban area and climate division in Oklahoma. Presentation by BHN at the National ESA meeting, Denver, CO (Nov 2017).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Roselli, MA, Loss, SR, Noden, BH. 2018. The role of resident bird species as carriers of ticks in urban areas. Presentation by MAR at the 2018 American Ornithological Society meeting in Tucson, Arizona (April 9 - 14, 2018).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sanders, J, Noden, BH. 2018. Habitat preferences of container breeding mosquito populations in urban areas in southern Oklahoma. Presentation by JS at Southwest Branch ESA meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico (March 25-29, 2018).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Noden, BH. 2018. Whats lurking where were not looking? Unexpected adventures in vector- disease surveillance in Oklahoma. Presentation by BHN at the 2018 Southwest Branch meeting of the Entomological Society of America (March 25-29) in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Cote, NM, Noden, BH. 2017. The effects of Juniperus virginiana (eastern red cedar) on mosquito populations in the Great Plains region of Oklahoma. Presentation by NMC at the National ESA meeting, Denver, CO (Nov 2017).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sanders, J, Noden, BH. 2017. The distribution of container breeding mosquito species in urban areas of southern Oklahoma. Presentation by JS at the National ESA meeting, Denver, CO (Nov 2017).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wayadande, A, Backus, E, Noden, BH. 2017. Electropenetrography of mosquito, Aedes aegypti, feeding activity on humans: detecting emf and R components. Presentation by AW at the National ESA meeting, Denver, CO (Nov 2017).


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this research reached during this reporting period were public health and veterinary professionals who focus on vector-borne diseases within the United States. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Noel Cote received her PhD degree. Megan Roselli (MS graduate student) attended the Central Ecology & Evolution Conference (see above) Dr. Bruce Noden and David Bradt (MS graduate student) attended and presented at a regional SW Branch ESA meeting (Austin, Tx) in April 2017. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Tick studies The results of a systematic review carried out in 2015 that focused on role of birds in carrying ticks and tick-borne pathogens in North America was published at the end of 2016. The results of a pilot study in summer 2015 that focused on the risk of encountering ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Oklahoma City was published at the beginning of 2017. The results from a study evaluating whether Eastern red cedar invasion in western Oklahoma has contributed to the expansion of Amblyomma americanum was published in Spring 2017. The results from a state-wide county surveillance project carried out in the summer of 2014 which detailed the current distribution of four tick species of medical and veterinary importance were published in Spring 2017. The results from a study focused on the ticks and tick-borne pathogens associated with black bear populations in eastern Oklahoma was published in Summer 2017. Most of the tick-related data generated during the year of reporting has been presented in regional meetings (Entomological Society of America, Central Ecology & Evolution Conference (see above). 2.Mosquito studies No recent mosquito research supported by NIFA funds that occurred during the reporting year was reported during this period. Vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma A bibliometric study of vector-borne disease research history in Oklahoma was published at the end of 2016. The study evaluating Rickettsia sp. in fleas obtained from client-owned dogs and cats in two urban areas in Oklahoma was published at the beginning of 2017. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?There is potential to develop further projects related to these goals in 2017-2018.I anticipate presenting the data for ecology of tick species in invasive red cedar environments at a national meeting and publishing the results, publishing the results of pathogen testing from collected mosquitoes, presenting how concentration of eastern red cedar impacts mosquito communities at a national meeting, and focus on assessing mosquito populations within various landscapes.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Under Goal 1:During the springand summer of 2017, I was involved in another study to evaluate the effect of long-term water immersion on tick longevity by a Master's student, Dan St. Aubin. During the summerof 2017, in conjunction with collaborators in Natural Resource Ecology and Management (OSU NREM), we intensively sampled for ticks every month in an eastern red cedar plot outside of Stillwater to investigate ecological variables associated with tick presence and pathogen prevalence. Under Goal 2: During thespring 2017, we extracted DNA from mosquitoes collected from 6 urban areas across Oklahoma and tested them for Dirofilaria and Plasmodium DNA and in the summer and fall 2017, Mr. Noel Cote, a PhD student, investigated how varying concentrations of eastern red cedar impact mosquito populations as well the microclimate changes within individual trees. Under Goal 3:Through the assistance of an undergraduate researcher, we collected fleas 15 client-owned dogs and cats from the Tulsa area and tested them for Rickettsia felis DNA.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Loss, SR, Noden, BH, Hamer, GL, Hamer, SA. 2016. A quantitative synthesis of the role of birds in carrying ticks and tick-borne pathogens in North America. Oecologia 182(4): 947-959
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Noden, BH. 2016. Where the wind comes sweeping down the plain: Using a bibliometric study to identify trends and knowledge gaps of vector-borne disease research in Oklahoma. Southwest Entomologist 41(4): 1175-1186
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Noden, BH, Loss, SR, Maichak, C, Williams, F 2017. Risk of encountering ticks and tick-borne pathogens in a rapidly growing metropolitan area in the U.S. Great Plains. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 8: 119-124
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Noden, BH, Davidson, S, Smith, JL, Williams, F. 2017. Rickettsia typhi and R. felis in fleas collected from small companion animals in the southern Great Plains. Journal of Medical Entomology 54(4): 10931097
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Noden, BH, Dubie, T. 2017. Involvement of invasive Eastern red cedar in the expansion of Amblyomma americanum in Oklahoma. Journal of Vector Ecology 42(1): 78-83
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mitcham, JR, Barrett, AW, Gruntmeir, JM, Holland, T, Martin, JE, Johnson, EM, Little, SE, Noden, BH. 2017. Active surveillance to update county scale distribution of four tick species of medical and veterinary importance in Oklahoma. Journal of Vector Ecology 42(1): 60-73
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Skinner, D, Mitcham, JR, Starkey, LA, Noden, BH, Fairbanks, WS, Little, SE. 2017. Prevalence of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and tick infestation in Oklahoma black bears (Ursus americanus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 53(4): 781-787
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Roselli, M., Noden, BH, Loss, S. Local and landscape-scale drivers of tick distribution and tick-borne pathogen prevalence in Oklahoma City, a rapidly expanding metropolitan area. Poster presented by MR at the Central Ecology & Evolution Conference; Oklahoma State University, April 21-23, 2017
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bradt, D, Bradley, KK, Hoback, WW, Noden, BH. 2017. Discovery of populations of the Yellow Fever mosquito Aedes aegypti in Oklahoma after 70 years of absence. An oral presentation by DB at the Southwest Branch ESA meeting, Austin, TX (April 2017)


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this research reached during this reporting period were public health and veterinary professionals who focus on vector-borne diseases within the United States. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Graduate student, Krista Pike worked toward the attainment of a Master's degree. Graduate student and Principle Investigator attended regional and national meetings: Dr. Bruce Noden and Krista Pike: SW Branch ESA meeting (Tyler, TX) in February 2016 and the International Congress of Entomology, Sept 2016, Orlando, FL How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Tick studies Most of the tick-related data generated during the year of reporting has been presented in regional and national meetings (the Entomological Society of America, the International Congress of Entomology, Livestock Insect Worker's Conference, and Entomological Society of America's Integrated Tick Management Symposium (see above). The results from the urban tick project described above are in development for a publication. Mosquito studies The updated checklist of the mosquitoes of Oklahoma including new state records and West Nile Virus vectors was published at end of 2015 and presented at the National ESA meeting in 2015 (see above). A study evaluating the impact of inter- and intra-specific competition among larvae on larval, adult, and life-table traits of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females was published in 2016. The study monitoring the effect of two commercial herbicides on life history traits of a human disease vector, Aedes aegypti, in the laboratory setting was published in 2016. Vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma The study evaluating Rickettsia sp. in fleas obtained from client-owned dogs and cats in two urban areas in Oklahoma is being developed to submit as a publication. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?There is potential to develop further projects related to these goals in 2017. I anticipate submitting a manuscript detailing the pathogen detection in ticks and fleas, a potential to continue assessment of the impact of specific habitats on distribution of tick species in newly invaded areas of Oklahoma, and more focus on assessing mosquito populations within various landscapes.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Under Goal 1: Explore the distribution of ticks which vector RMSF and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species in West Central US and their interactions with human and animal hosts in specific landscape ecologies. In Fall 2015, we sampled 10 sites of varying urbanization across Oklahoma City and, with the help of an undergraduate researcher, we assessed the risk of encountering ticks and tick-borne pathogens within a rapidly growing metropolitan area on the United States. Great Plains. In Fall 2015 and Spring and Summer 2016, Krista Pike worked on a two component Master's degree project: 1) A lab and field study to evaluate the responses of Amblyomma maculatum, a tick of known agricultural importance, to odorants to enhance field collection; and 2) Developed and conducted a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Survey of Ticks with Oklahoma Beef Producers to find out what they know about ticks and their perception of risk to themselves and their livestock. In Fall 2015, I was involved in the development of a pilot study to evaluate the effect of long-term water immersion on tick longevity by a Master's student, Dan St. Aubin. In spring and summer 2016, Yisel Carillo, a visiting undergraduate intern, created a visualization component to the isothermal molecular diagnostic tool to detect rickettsial DNA from field-collected ticks and fleas. Under Goal 2: Monitor mosquito dynamics in representative sites for different landscape ecologies in central Oklahoma and the prevalence of mosquito-borne disease in those populations. In collaboration with Dr. Astri Wayadande (OSU), we have been measuring mosquito stylet-probing behavior by electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings using the Zika virus vector, Aedes aegypti, to identify which may be involved in disease transmission dynamics. Under Goal 3: Investigate the emergent potential for other vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma. Through the assistance of two undergraduate researchers, we have collected fleas from 52 client-owned dogs and cats from two urban centers in Oklahoma and tested them for Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis DNA. This is the first evidence of R. typhi and R. felis identified in fleas from client-owned dogs in the Great Plains region. This could have ramifications for exposure to rickettsial diseases for humans and their companion animals in the region.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Noden, BH, Coburn, L, Wright, R, & Bradley, K. 2015. An updated checklist of the mosquitoes of Oklahoma including new state records and West Nile Virus vectors, 2003-06. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 31(4):336-345.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Noden, BH, ONeil, PA, Fader, JE & Juliano, SA. 2016. Impact of inter- and intra-specific competition among larvae on larval, adult, and life-table traits of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females. Ecological Entomology. 41: 192200.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Morris, X., Murrell, E., Klein, T., Noden, BH. 2016. Effect of two commercial herbicides on life history traits of a human disease vector, Aedes aegypti, in the laboratory setting. Ecotoxicology 25(5), 863-870.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Martin, J, Noden, BH. 2015. Detection of Rickettsia spp in field-collected ticks using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Poster given by BHN at the Annual ESA meeting (Minneapolis, MN) in November 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jenkins, T, Hoback, WW, Noden, BH. 2015. "Can you beat DEET?": Efficacy of DEET-free insect repellents on adult and nymphal Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). Presentation given by TJ at the Annual ESA meeting (Minneapolis, MN) in November 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Pike, K, Noden, BH. 2015. Responses of Amblyomma maculatum to odorants to enhance field collection. Presentation given by KP at the Annual ESA meeting (Minneapolis, MN) in November 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Noden, BH, Dubie, TR. 2015. Invasive Eastern red cedar provides habitat for A. americanum to invade new areas of Oklahoma. Presentation given by BHN at the Annual ESA meeting (Minneapolis, MN) in November 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Noden, BH, Coburn, L, Wright, R, & Bradley, K. 2015. Survey of mosquito fauna and updated checklist of the mosquitoes of Oklahoma including new state records, updated distribution of Aedes albopictus, and potential vectors of West Nile virus. Poster presented by BHN at the Annual ESA meeting (Minneapolis, MN) in November 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Mitcham, J, Noden, BH. 2015. Risk of exposure to ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Oklahoma State Parks. Presentation by JM at Annual ESA meeting (Minneapolis, MN) in November 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Aubin, D., Hoback, W.W., Noden, B.H. 2016. Underwater Ticks: Survival of Immersion Varies Among Six Tick Species. Presentation by DSA at the SW Branch Entomological Society of America meeting in Tyler, TX (Feb 22-25, 2016).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Noden, BH, Dubie, TR. 2016. Changing county-based distribution of human Spotted Fever group rickettsiosis and ehrlichiosis in Oklahoma between 2000 and 2012 due to invasive Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). Poster given by BHN at the Entomological Society of Americas Integrated Tick Management Symposium: Solving America's Tick-Borne Disease Problem (Washington DC) in May 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wayadande, A., Hess, T., Noden, BH. 2016. Mosquito probing behavior revealed by electrical penetography. Presentation by AW at the Livestock Insect Workers Conference in Oklahoma City, OK (June 26-29, 2016).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pike, K, Noden, BH. 2016. Responses of Amblyomma maculatum to odorants to enhance field collection. Presentation given by KP at the Livestock Insect Workers Conference in Oklahoma City, OK (June 26-29, 2016).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Noden, BH, Dubie, TR. 2016. Have two recent invasion events changed the risk of encountering tick-borne diseases in Oklahoma? Implications for livestock production in the Great Plains region. Presentation given by BHN at the Livestock Insect Workers Conference in Oklahoma City, OK (June 26-29, 2016).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Noden, BH, Loss, SR. Loss, Maichak, C., Williams, F. 2016. Risk of encountering ticks and tick-borne pathogens within a rapidly growing metropolitan area on the United States. Great Plains. Presentation by BHN at the International Congress of Entomology (ICE) meeting in Orlando, FL (Sept 25-30, 2016).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dubie, TR, Noden, BH, Talley, JL. 2016. Phenology and ecology of tick species parasitic on cattle and wildlife in Oklahoma. Presentation by TRD at ICE meeting in Orlando, FL (Sept 25-30, 2016).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Noden, BH, Loss, SR. Loss, Maichak, C., Williams, F. 2016. Risk of encountering ticks and tick-borne pathogens within a rapidly growing metropolitan area in the U.S. Great Plains. Presentation by BHN at the SW Branch Entomological Society of America meeting in Tyler, TX (Feb 22-25, 2016).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pike, K, Noden, BH. 2016. Responses of Amblyomma maculatum to odorants to enhance field collection. Presentation given by KP at the SW Branch ESA meeting (Tyler, TX) in February 2016. [First place Masters Research Presentation Award].
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hess, T, Wayadande, A, Noden, BH. 2016. Electrical penetration graph recordings of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) feeding on artificial substrates. Poster presented by TH at the SW Branch ESA meeting (Tyler, TX) in February 2016. [Third place Undergraduate Research Poster Award]
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: St Aubin, D., Hoback, W.W., Noden, BH. 2016. Survival of Immersion Varies Among Six Tick Species. Poster presented by DSA at the OSU Research Day poster session (Feb 15, 2016).
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pike, Krista. 2016. Responses to the Gulf Coast tick to odorants to enhance field collection and a knowledge, attitude and practice survey of ticks with Oklahoma beef producers. Masters Thesis, Oklahoma State University.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wayadande, A., Noden, BH. 2016. Biting the hand that feeds you: Mosquito stylet-probing behavior revealed by EPG. Presentation by AW at ICE meeting, Orlando, Florida (Sept 25-30, 2016).
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Mitcham, Jessica R. 2015. Updated ecology and distribution of ticks species in Oklahoma. Masters Thesis, Oklahoma State University.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Martin, Jaclyn A. 2016. Distribution of ticks of medical and veterinary importance along the Chisholm Trail and development of a molecular assay to detect Rickettsia spp. in field-collected ticks in Oklahoma. Masters Thesis, Oklahoma State University.


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this research reached during this reporting period were public health professionals who focus on vector-borne diseases within the United States. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Funding for a graduate research assistantship for Fall 2014 and Spring and Summer 2015 for Jessica Mitcham toward the attainment of a Master's degree. Funding for graduate students and Principle Investigator to attend regional and national meetings: Dr. Bruce Noden, Jessica Mitcham, and Krista Pike: Entomological Society of America National meeting, Nov 2015, Minneapolis, MN How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Tick studies Most of the tick-related data generated during the year of reporting has been presented in regional and national meetings (the Entomological Society of America (see above) and one paper is in process of development for publication in 2016. Jessica has given two presentations involving the research on tick species found on black bear: a regional meeting (Central Plains Society of Mammology, Bull Shoals Field Station, MO) and a national meeting (the Entomological Society of America (Portland, OR) 2. Mosquito studies The Ae. japonicus study was published at the end of 2014. The updated distribution of Ae. albopictus was published in 2015. Vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma Both tick-related papers explained above were published in 2015. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?There is great potential to develop further projects related to these goals in 2016.I anticipate moving forward on a number of projects including pathogen detection in tick species, the impact of specific habitats on distribution of tick species in newly invaded areas of Oklahoma, and more focus on assessing mosquito populations within various landscapes.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Under Goal 1: Explore the distribution of ticks which vector RMSF and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species in West Central US and their interactions with human and animal hosts in specific landscape ecologies. In the winter 2015, Jessica Mitcham, who is supported by NIFA funding for GRA, worked together with a team from Oklahoma State University lead by Dr. Sue Fairbanks (Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management) to monitor tick species on hibernating American black bear and their cubs. In winter and spring 2015, Jaclyn Martin developed an isothermal molecular diagnostic tool to detect Rickettsia DNA from field-collected ticks. In the spring and summer of 2015, my lab surveyed a variety of sites in western Oklahoma, monitoring the association of lone star ticks with specific habitat types. Additionally, eight locations were surveyed across Oklahoma City for tick exposure risk and species diversity. In spring and summer of 2015, Jessica Mitcham systematically collected ticks in 6 Oklahoma state parks to monitor tick exposure risk and pathogen prevalence. Collaborative effects with a wide team of collaborators determined that R. parkeri, one of the Rickettsia species thought be contributing to the rise of RMSF in the southern US, is not present in A. maculatum collected in Oklahoma. Under Goal 2: Monitor mosquito dynamics in representative sites for different landscape ecologies in central Oklahoma and the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in those populations In collaboration with Dr. Steven Juliano, we analyzed the impact of inter- and intra-specific competition among larvae on larval, adult, and life-table traits of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females. In collaboration with Dr. Ebony Murrell, we tested the effects of two commercial herbicides (Roundup and Beyond) used widely in agriculture on mosquito development from larvae to adults. Focusing mosquito populations on Oklahoma, the main goal has been to synthesize data collected over the past 15 years so as to develop a baseline on which to study mosquito ecology in the state as it pertains to pathogen transmission. An additional publication was developed to update the mosquito species checklist for Oklahoma and focus on the known West Nile virus vectors across the state. Under Goal 3: Investigate the emergent potential for other vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma. The results from a Master's degree were published which detailed the feeding preferences of Ix. scapularis ticks for reptiles in Oklahoma. The identification of an adult Amblyomma longirostre female tick in southeastern Oklahoma was published. It is most probable that the tick was a nymphal tick which dropped off a migrating bird and molted in SE Oklahoma.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Murrell, EG, Noden, BH, Juliano, SA. 2015. Contributions of temporal segregation, oviposition choice, and non-additive effects of competitors to invasion success of Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in North America. Biological Invasions 17(6): 1669-1681.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Barrett, AW, Noden, BH, Gruntmeir, JM, Johnson, EM, Mitcham, JR, Martin, JE, Little, SE. 2015. County scale distribution of Amblyomma americanum in Oklahoma: addressing local deficits in tick maps based on passive reporting. Journal of Medical Entomology 52(2): 269273.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Noden, BH, Coburn, L, Wright, R, & Bradley, K. 2015. Updated distribution of Aedes albopictus in Oklahoma, USA and implications for arbovirus transmission. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 31(1): 93-96.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Paddock CD, Dension AM, Dreyden MW, Noden BH, Lash RR, Abdelghani SS, Evans A, Ganta RR, Little SE. 2015. High prevalence of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae and apparent exclusion of Rickettsia parkeri in adult Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) from Kansas and Oklahoma. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 6(3):297-302.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Noden, BH, Arnold, D, Grantham, R. 2015. First report of adult Amblyomma longirostre (Acari: Ixodidae) in Oklahoma. Systematic & Applied Acarology 20(5): 468-470.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Garvin SD, Noden BH, Dillwith JW, Fox SF, Payton ME & Barker RW. 2015. Sylvatic infestation of reptiles of Oklahoma with immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 52(5): 873-878.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Barrett, AW, Noden, BH., Gruntmeir, J., Johnson, EM., Little, SE. 2014. County scale distribution of Amblyomma americanum in Oklahoma: addressing local deficits in tick maps based on passive reporting. Poster presentation by AWB at the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists in Denver, CO. (July).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Mitcham, JP, Skinner, D, Johnson, E, Noden, BH. 2014. Tick species found on two populations of American black bear (Ursus americanus) in eastern Oklahoma. Oral presentation by JPM at the Central Plains Society of Mammology, Bull Shoals Field Station (MSU), MO (October).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Martin, JE, Noden, BH. 2014. Along the Chisholm Trail: Establishing the distribution of Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) populations in Oklahoma. Oral presentation by JEM at the Entomological Society of America meeting in Portland, OR (November).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Mitcham, JP, Skinner, D, Johnson, E, Noden, BH. 2014. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens from two populations of American Black Bear in Eastern Oklahoma. Oral presentation by JPM at the Entomological Society of America meeting in Portland, OR (November).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Noden, BH, Robideau, A., Klein, T, Murrell, E. 2015. Life on the edge: investigations into herbicide effects on mosquito life history traits. Symposium: Update on Research of Blood Feeders with Veterinary, Medical, and Urban Importance in the Southwest. Presentation by BHN at the SW Branch ESA meeting, Tulsa, OK (February).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Noden, BH, Coburn, L, Wright, R, & Bradley, K. 2015. Survey of mosquito fauna and updated checklist of the mosquitoes of Oklahoma including new state records, updated distribution of Aedes albopictus, and potential vectors of West Nile virus. Poster presented by BHN at the SW Branch ESA meeting, Tulsa, OK (February).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Mitcham, JR, Noden, BH. 2015. County Scale Distribution of Oklahoma Tick Species of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Presentation by JRM at the SW Branch ESA meeting, Tulsa, OK (February).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Martin, J., Noden, BH. 2015. Risk of exposure to ticks and tick-borne pathogens in state parks in Oklahoma. Presentation by JM at the SW Branch ESA meeting, Tulsa, OK (February). (2nd Place Masters Ten-minute paper)


Progress 11/20/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Funding for a graduate research assistantship for Spring and Summer 2014 for Jessica Mitcham toward the attainment of a Master's degree. Funding for graduate students and Principle Investigator to attend regional and national meetings: Dr. Bruce Noden and Jaclyn Martin: Southwestern Branch meeting of the Entomological Society of America - Feb 2014, San Antonio, TX Dr. Bruce Noden: Great Plains Infectious Diseases meeting, Sept 2014, Columbia, MO How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Tick distribution studies: Thus far, the tick distribution study has been presented at one national meeting (American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (Denver, CO) and one publication has been accepted for publication. Mosquito studies: Two publications on the Ae. japonicus and Ae. albopictus work have been accepted for publication. Vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma Talley, JL, Noden, BH. Rain and the mosquitoes they bring! 'E-Pest alerts' newsletter (Vol 13, No. 20) - June 2014. Noden, BH, Talley, JL. Heartland Virus and Lone Star Ticks. 'e-Pest alerts' newsletter (Vol. 13, No. 18) - May 2014. Talley, JL, Jaworski, DC, Noden, BH, Kocan, KM, Little, SE. 2014 revision. Common ticks of Oklahoma and Tick-borne Diseases. Extension Fact Sheet EPP-7001 updated. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We are currently moving these projects forward as related to the timeline and goals set out in the original Hatch project. In the next period, I anticipate moving forward on a number of projects including pathogen detection in tick species and the influence of herbicides used commonly in domestic and agricultural settings on mosquito life-history traits. More presentations at regional and national meetings are planned as are publications for submission.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Under Goal 1: Explore the distribution of ticks which vector RMSF and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species in West Central US and their interactions with human and animal hosts in specific landscape ecologies. In the spring and summer of 2014, my lab together with members in Dr. Susan Little's laboratory in the OSU College of Veterinary Medicine sampled for ticks in 61 counties to update the distribution of 4 major tick species in Oklahoma. In the spring and summer of 2014, Jessica Mitcham, who is supported by NIFA funding for her GRA, worked together with a team from Oklahoma State University lead by Dr. Sue Fairbanks (Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management) to monitor tick species on two populations of American black bear in SE Oklahoma. Under Goal 2: Monitor mosquito dynamics in representative sites for different landscape ecologies in central Oklahoma and the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in those populations Through a series of field and laboratory based studies in collaboration with Dr. Steven Juliano and Dr. Ebony Murrell, we have evaluated some questions regarding the ecology of Aedes japonicus, the most-recent mosquito species to invade the United States. Focusing mosquito populations on Oklahoma, the initial goal has been to synthesize data collected over the past 15 years to develop a baseline from which to study mosquito ecology in the state as it pertains to pathogen transmission. The initial publication was the update the distribution of Ae. albopictus in the state with a view to its involvement in D. immitis transmission and the potential threat for arboviruses in the future. Under Goal 3: Investigate the emergent potential for other vector-borne pathogens in Oklahoma. Studies were initiated to review records and publish to manuscripts: an updated checklist of mosquito species in Oklahoma potential vectors for arbovirus transmission in the state of Oklahoma with a focus on Dengue and Chikungunya. Worked with Dr. Justin Talley (Livestock Extension Specialist) to disseminate information through Extension alerts and update fact sheets in regards to Heartland virus (ticks), mosquitoes and West Nile virus, and tick species of Oklahoma.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Martin, J., Noden, BH. 2014. Where the wind comes sweepin down the plain: an update on vector-borne disease research in Oklahoma. Poster presented by JM at the SouthWest branch ESA meeting, San Antonio, TX (February).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Barrett, AW, Noden, BH., Gruntmeir, J., Johnson, EM., Little, SE. 2014. County scale distribution of Amblyomma americanum in Oklahoma: addressing local deficits in tick maps based on passive reporting. Poster presentation by AWB at the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists in Denver, CO. (July)