Progress 06/06/14 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Data were communicated to nematologists, plant pathologists, other scientists, growers, crop consultants, and members of the general public. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students received training in nematode biology under this project. One has completed his PhD and accepted a postdoctoral position in Germany. A second has defended her dissertation and will begin a postdoctoral position at Michigan State in Spring 2019. Nine undergraduate students have been supervised on research associated with this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publications in scientific journal (see products). Eight invited lectures (University and conferences). Nine conference abstracts. Nine talks for approximately 700 growers/crop consultants. Two lectures for approximately 115 members of general public. Coverage of two journal publications in the popular press. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We used a combination of DAPI and lipophilic dyes along with differential interference contrast microscopy to describe the neuroanatomy at various developmental stages of H. glycines. These data were compared to similar data collected for other economically important plant-parasties (e.g. Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus penetrans) and non-parasitic species (C. elegans, Aphelenchus avenae). Data from this was published in Han et al., 2016; Thapa et al., 2017; and Han et al., 2018. Ultrastructural data of H. glycines was collected at both the J2 and post-infective stages to examine changes in the neuromuscular system. These data were published in Han et al., 2018. We examined pre-hatch development and anatomical correlates required for hatching in H. glycines (Thapa et al., 2017).
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Han, Z., Thapa, S., Reuter-Carlson, U., Reed, H., Gates, M., Lambert, K.N. and N.E. Schroeder. 2018. Immobility in the sedentary plant-parasitic nematode H. glycines is associated with remodeling of neuromuscular tissue. PLOS Pathogens. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007198.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hung, X.B. and N.E. Schroeder. 2018. Post-embryonic ventral nerve cord development and gonad migration in Steinernema carpocapsae. Journal of Nematology. 50:1. DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-005.
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Data were communicated to nematologists, plant pathologists, other scientists, growers, crop consultants, and members of the general public. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two PhD graduate students are currently working on this project. One of these students will complete his dissertation next year.Four undergraduates have worked on this project. Two of thesestudents have graduated and are now continuing in graduate/professional schools. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results from this project have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Data from this project has been presented at several scientific meetings. Data from this project have been presented to growers and other agricultural professionals at public events at the University of Illinois. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will submit a publication regarding the post-embryonic development of H. glyicines. We will continue to use TEM to explore the ultrastructure of H. glycines in different developmental stages.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We completed a description of pre-hatch development of H. glycines. This information was used to test the hypothesis that host-derived hatching stimulants directly affect the speed of pre-hatch development. Our data does not support this hypothesis. These data were published in BMC Developmental Biology. We characterized the serotonergic nervous system of the lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans using immunohistochemistry. We determined the functional role of endogenous serotonin in P. penetrans using pharmacological inhibitors of serotonin reuptake and by pharmacologicaly modulating the serotonin functional antagonist octopamine. These results were published in Phytopathology. We have collected data on neuromuscular structure in H. glycines throughout post-embryonic development. Specifically, we have used both the fluorescent F-actin reporter phalloidin to image muscle structure following the transition from a mobile J2 to a sedentary infective stage and, in males, back to a mobile adult. To examine the ultrastructure of the H. glycines neuromuscular system, we have developed a high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution fixation method. This is followed by standard transmission electron microscopy. We have examined multiple developmental stages of post-embryonic H. glycines and found muscle degeneration and sex-specific muscle renewal. We are currently writing up these results for publication.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Thapa S., Patel J.A., Reuter-Carlson U. and N.E. Schroeder. 2017. Embryogenesis in the parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines is independent of host-derived hatching stimulation. BMC Developmental Biology. 17:2 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0144-7.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Han Z., Boas S. and N.E. Schroeder. 2017. Serotonin regulates the feeding and reproductive behaviors of Pratylenchus penetrans. Phytopathology. 107:872-877.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Han, Z., Reuter-Carlson, U. and N.E. Schroeder. 2017. Change in the neuromuscular system during Heterodera glycines development. Society of Nematologists Annual Meeting. Williamsburg, VA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Thapa, S. and N.E. Schroeder. 2017. Seam cell proliferation is associated with body size development in post-infection Heterodera glycines. Society of Nematologists Annual Meeting. Williamsburg, VA.
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Data were communicated to nematologists, plant pathologists, other scientists, growers, crop consultants, and members of the general public. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two PhD students are working on aspects of this project. Three undergraduate students have worked on various aspects of this project. Two of these students have since graduated and are now enrolled in post-graduate studies. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A manuscriptof our results was published in Frontiers in Neuroanatomy in January 2016. Another manuscript was recently submitted to BMC Developmental Biology and is currently undergoing revision. Data from this project were presented at the annual Society of Nematologists meeting in Montreal, Canada. Data from this project were presented to growers and other agriculture professionals at the annual University of Illinois Agronomy Day. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are exploring the post-infection of development using both DIC and fluorescent microscopy. We will begin sectioning fixed H. glycines animals and collecting electron microscopy images. We will rescue C. elegans GABA biosynthesis mutants with the H. glycines GABA biosynthesis genes. We will also perform RNAi against GABA signaling genesand collectpharmaceuticaldata of GABA and serotonin signaling compoundsin H. glycines.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We have recently completed a description of the pre-hatch development of H. glycines. This includes a description of neurodevelopment prior to hatching using both DIC and fluorescent microscopy. This information was then used to test the hypothesis that host-derived hatching stimulants directly affect pre-hatch development. This was recently submitted to BMC Developmental Biology and is currently in revision. We have also cloned genes for serotonin and GABA biosynthesis from H. glycines. We have created chimeric DNA constructs of the H. glycines coding regions of these genes fused with the promoter region of the homologous genes from Caenorhabditis elegans. These constructs are being used to attempt rescue of mutants in the homologous C. elegans genes. We have begun using high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution to fix H. glycines for subsequent transmission electron microscopy.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Han, Z. and N.E. Schroeder. 2016. The role of the neurotransmitters serotonin and GABA in plant-parasitic nematodes. Society of Nematologists Annual Meeting. Montreal, QC.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Thapa. S, Patel, J.A., Reuter-Carlson, U. and N.E. Schroeder. 2016. Embryonic and post-embryonic development of Heterodera glycines encysted and egg-mass eggs in different hatch stimulants. Society of Nematologists Annual Meeting. Montreal, QC.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Data were communicated to nematologists, plant pathologists, other scientists, growers, crop consultants, and members of general public. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One graduate studentreceived training leading to the PhD degree. Two undergraduates received research experience opportuntites through this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentations to growers were given at fourUniversity of Illinois Crop Management Conferences during Winter of 2015. Data was presented at the American Phytopathological Society and Society of Nematologists annual meetings and the NC-1197 Technical Committee meeting during the summer of 2015. A manuscript of our results was submitted to Frontiers in Neuroanatomy in October of 2015. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will utilize DIC microscopy to examine the development of the ventral nerve cord in H. glycines. We will use a newly acquired high-pressure freezer and freeze substitution unit to fix H. glycines samples for TEM. We will finish the cloning of Hg-tph-1 and express in C. elegans tph-1 mutants to test for function.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
DIC and fluorescent microscopy were used to describe the ventral nerve cord of H. glycines. We found that the quantity of VNC neurons is greater than previously described nematode species.The cloning of Heterodera glycines tryptophan hydroxylase (Hgtph-1),anenzyme required forserotonin production,was initiated.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Han, Z., Boas, S. and N.E. Schroeder. 2016. Unexpected variation in neuroanatomy among diverse nematode species. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Han, Z. and N. Schroeder. Variation in the ventral nerve cord and DII-filling patterns in nematode species. Society of Nematologists Annual Meeting. July 19-24. East Lansing, Michigan.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Schroeder, N.E. and Z. Han. 2015. Nematode neuroanatomy: Wandering through worm wiring. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. August 1-5. Pasadena, California.
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Progress 06/06/14 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Data were communicated to nematologists and other scientists in the plant protection field. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training in microscopy and antibody staining was provided to the graduate student. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A presentation on current research was given to the public at the Parkland Community College. Attendees included community college students and members of the general public. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. The anatomy of the ventral nerve cord in J2 H. glycines was determined. Comparsion was made with other plant-parasitic, entomopathogenic and free-living nematodes. Dye-filling of sensory neurons was accomplished and compared to other nematode species. Antibody staining of serotenergic neurons was initiated. 2. Nothing to report. 3. Nothing to report.
Publications
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