Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Experienced and beginning farmers and ranchers, agricultural professionals, and industry personnel were educated on production and marketing technologies associated with winter canola. Methods of delivery included, but not limited to, field days, field tours, risk management schools, extension and journal publications, professional society meetings, agronomic updates, radio and television interviews, and social media. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two major events where training is offered to agribusiness professionals were held in Kansas and Oklahoma. CEUs are offered so professional agronomists are able to maintain their certification. The PD presented research results generated through this project at each event. The 11th Annual Oklahoma-Kansas Winter Canola Conference in Enid, OK in July 2015 attracted over 75 participants with numerous professional agronomists included. Canola College in Enid, OK in February 2015 drew over 300 participants. Research results generated through this project are directly influencing decision makers in the region that are driving increased canola production. Numerous other training opportunities exist through winter canola risk management schools and field days held periodically throughout the growing season in Kansas. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information for clientele is made available through websites, extension programming, radio and television interviews, social media, and popular press. In this reporting period, the PD gave three interviews on the K-State Radio Network's "Agriculture Today" program detailing harvest results, field days and risk management schools, and the effects of the abnormally cold winter. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The long-term goal of this multi-state, multidisciplinary project is to facilitate the adoption of winter canola as an agronomically and economically viable rotation crop in the southern Great Plains (SGP). To stimulate winter canola acreage and production increases in the region, the project will focus on the high priority areas of development and testing of superior cultivars, improved methods of production, and transfer of new knowledge to producers. Success will be measured by an increase in planted acres, the testing and release of new cultivars with yields above the national average, improved consistency of production using best management practices, and attendance, participation, and feedback at extension activities. The following objectives support the project. 1. Develop and evaluate high-yielding and regionally adapted winter canola cultivars. Priority traits include: winter survival, tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicide carryover, tolerance to post-emergence applications of glyphosate herbicide, yield, oil quality and quantity, hybrid parent lines, and blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) resistance. 2. Improve canola cropping systems by addressing agronomic management issues through scientific research. Management studies include: crop establishment, crop rotation, harvest management, nutrient balance and management, fungicide and growth regulator efficiency, on-farm testing, forage production and quality, and crop modeling in DSSAT. 3. Extend cultivar, production, and marketing technologies for canola through appropriate extension and outreach programs. Demonstrate to producers that winter canola is an agronomically and economically viable oilseed and/or grazing crop. The multifaceted extension and outreach program includes participation from faculty, industry personnel, grower organizations, and producers. Methods of delivery may include, but are not limited to, field days, field tours, risk management schools, extension and journal publications, professional society meetings, agronomy updates, radio and television interviews, web-based applications, peer-to-peer interactions, and social media updates via Twitter and Facebook.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Winter canola is an alternative broadleaf crop under production in the southern Great Plains (SGP). Canola is an oilseed that produces healthy cooking oil, which bears a qualified health claim stating consumption can reduce the risks of coronary heart disease. The USA imports approximately 80% of the canola oil it consumes. In addition, growing winter canola in rotation with winter wheat will improve the sustainability of wheat-based cropping systems not only by increasing wheat yields, but also by reducing troublesome weed, disease, and insect pressures that often plague wheat production. Wheat yields have been shown to increase from 15 to 50% the first year following winter canola. Winter canola acres have increased greatly since the early 2000s in the SGP because of improved cultivars, observed rotational benefits to wheat, growing U.S. demand for canola oil, and increased research and extension activities. USDA-NASS reported 130,000; 205,000; 270,000; and 145,000 acres planted in Oklahoma in the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 seasons, respectively. Kansas and Colorado together have 22,600; 40,000; 70,000; and 70,000 (estimate) planted acres in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. According to the USDA-FSA, Kansas producers seeded 6,870; 11,811; 18,781; 31,000; and 59,729 acres in the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 seasons, respectively. We estimate between 60,000 and 70,000 acres were seeded in Kansas for the 2015 season. Kansas was the only state in the SGP to see an acreage increase in the 2014/15 season, which is a milestone of success for this project. Through this research, new winter canola varieties are being developed that are adapted to the climate of the southern Great Plains. Since 2010, six new commercial cultivars have been released by the canola breeding program at Kansas State University. Production systems are being created and modified to effectively and profitably plant and harvest the crop. Researchers have identified the limits of the canola planting window for much of the region. Novel approaches to management of the previous crop's residue have improved both canola establishment and winter survival. New knowledge and technologies are being transferred to the general public through seminars, field days, production schools, extension publications, radio programs, social media, and scholarly journals. During the current reporting period, over 800 were impacted through face-to-face communications. 1. Producers rely heavily upon the results generated by the regional variety testing network. These results help new and experienced producers make informed variety selection decisions, and allow private industry and other universities an opportunity to evaluate experimental and commercial cultivars across a broad geography. This is accomplished through coordination of the National Winter Canola Variety Trial (NWCVT) and other trials to support the canola breeding program and the US canola industry. In general, winter temperatures were below normal for much of the SGP in 2013-2014. Differential winterkill was observed at many sites for the first time in over a decade. Precipitation arrived in June and July, delaying harvest and causing plant re-growth and shattering. Despite the weather, survival ratings obtained for commercial and experimental cultivars give us the ability to make better recommendations about cultivar adaptation. Below average yields of 1706, 498, 489, 848, 401, 1271, and 1755 lb/acre were reported at Fruita and Rocky Ford, CO; Belleville, Garden City, and Hutchinson, KS; Clovis, NM; and Goodwell, OK, respectively. Average winterkill ratings for these locations were 70.7%, 97.4%, and 99.0% for Rocky Ford, Clovis, and Goodwell, respectively. In Kansas, survival ratings were 3.3, 2.6, and 4.2 at Belleville, Garden City, and Hutchinson, respectively (on a scale from 1=100-80% to 5=20-0%.) Unfortunately, conditions did not improve in 2014/15, as a rapid temperature decline in November caused freeze-induced desiccation before winter acclimation was complete. As a result, seven of eight sites in Kansas had severe winterkill and were not harvested. However, experimental cultivars from the KSU breeding program averaged 20% greater survival and over 20 bu/acre more than the check cultivar Wichita in testing at Enid, OK. 2. The Kansas State University Research Foundation (KSURF) licensed two new winter canola varieties, HyCLASS220W (KSR4650) and HyCLASS225W (KSR4649S) to CROPLAN by WinField. Considerable interest is expected because the varieties were bred specifically for the southern Great Plains and Roundup Ready varieties make up the majority of the winter canola varieties grown. KSURF also licensed Griffin winter canola to Spectrum Crop Development in Ritzville, WA. Griffin has shown unique adaptation to the inland Pacific Northwest and will be marketed to producers there. 3. Through this project, the program will initiate hybrid parent line development. The first hybrid crosses are planned for the growth chamber in winter 2015-2016. A licensing agreement with INRA-France was recently signed and approved. 4. At New Mexico State University, water use patterns for winter canola and wheat are being investigated. A three-year study of irrigation protocols is gauging water use efficiency and optimum irrigation amounts for winter canola. Detailed microclimate observations are being used to model evapotranspiration and water savings. Comparisons are being made between full irrigation and several deficit irrigation schemes. Canola and wheat used similar amounts of water at the 0-in. (dryland) irrigation treatment, with canola having extracted only slightly less (1.86 inches) compared to wheat (2.33 inches). At the 6- and 12-in. irrigation levels, wheat extracted more water than canola at all depths and water content was greater at the end of the season following canola. At Kansas State University, the main goal is to understand how cultivar selection and management practices affect winter canola performance at varying water regimes. The study evaluates water productivity and yield stability of canola genotypes (OPs and hybrids) under a range of irrigation levels (as related to the season-long crop water needs, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Indicators of water use efficiency (WUE) and crop productivity will be determined. In addition, an economic analysis will be performed for both studies. This study was abandoned in spring 2014 and 2015 because of severe winterkill in the plots. 5. A multifaceted extension and outreach program includes participation from faculty in cooperation with industry personnel, grower organizations, and producers. Research and variety trial results generated from previous year's studies are presented at extension activities and the topics are tailored to each specific audience. Educating the general public about winter canola requires small group and individual interactions to relay expertise and give confidence to producers. This approach has been extremely successful thus far and the PIs will follow a similar approach in the future. Extension activities will target the greatest needs of producers and use stakeholder input to direct discussion and the research topics to be presented. The PIs also collaborate with agriculture and natural resources extension agents to identify the needs of local clientele. Field days and production schools are effective ways to disseminate research-based results and basic production practices. This "face-to-face" approach is congenial, especially when the majority of audiences are producers. The PD encourages all PIs to host at least one extension event related to the canola research undertaken. In all, 10 events were held and approximately 800 participants attended. This level of participation clearly illustrates that the information presented is needed and highly sought after by producers interested in growing winter canola in rotation with other crops.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Angadi, S.V., S.H. Begna, M.R. Umesh, and W. Ahmed. Seasonal biomass production and water extraction patters of winter canola and wheat (in preparation).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Assefa, Y., K.L. Roozeboom, and M.J. Stamm. 2014. Winter canola yield and survival as a function of environment, genetics, and management. Crop Sci. 54:2303-2313.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Stamm, M., G. Cramer, S.J. Dooley, J. Holman, D. Phillips, C. Rife, and D.K. Santra. 2015. Registration of Griffin winter canola. J. Plant Reg. doi:10.3198/jpr2014.05.0037crc.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Stamm, M., S. Dooley, S. Angadi, B. Baldwin, M. Bartolo, S. Begna, A. Berrada, H. Bhardwaj, I. Braden, J. Bushong, B. Caldbeck, C. Caldbeck, E. Cebert, J. Chandler, G. Cramer, J. Damicone, H. Darby, J. Davidson, J. Davis, D. Delaney, P. DeLaune, E. Eriksmoen, J. Garner, J. Gassett, N. George, M. Gilmer, B. Gruenbacher, S. Gulick, D. Hathcoat, A. Heitman, M. Henninger, T. Higgins, J. Holman, J. James, B. Johnson, J. Johnson, H. Jordan, R. Kochenower, K. Larson, D. Lee, C. Mansfield, L. Murdock, J. Nachtman, C. Neely, M. ONeill, C. Owen, M. Patry, C. Pearson, T. Pierson, C. Rife, D. Santra, R. Schrock, P. Sexton, J. Shockey, K. Tanabe, T. Thomas, W. Thomason, C. Trostle, G. Ware, D. West, A. Williams, and M. Wingerson. 2015. 2014 National Winter Canola Variety Trial. SRP 1116. Kans. Ag. Exp. St. and Coop. Ext. Serv., Manhattan, KS.
|
Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Experienced and beginning farmers and ranchers, agricultural professionals, and industry personnel were educated on production and marketing technologies associated with winter canola. Methods of delivery included, but not limited to, field days, field tours, risk management schools, extension and journal publications, professional society meetings, agronomic updates, radio and television interviews, and social media. Changes/Problems:The greatest obstacles the researchers faced during the reporting period were drought, late spring freezes, colder-than-normal winter termperatures, and a devastingly rapid cold snap in fall 2014. As a result, some trials had to be abandoned because of too much variability across replications. Winter survival of canola had not been tested in this way in over a decade, thus, producers planted varieties that were not winter hardy and un-adapted to the southern Great Plains environment. The Project Team did not have up-to-date survival ratings to make appropriate variety recommendations to growers. A majority of the varieties grown were not developed in the region; however, K-State released varieties performed above average at most locations. The lack of survival has caused some producers to reconsider winter canola as an option on their farms. They see the lack of surivival as a negative for the crop. However, producers must be reminded that winter survival is an interaction of genetics, environment, and management. In 2013/14, many of the fields that didn't survive were planted late because of persistant drought. The drought continued into the spring and the lack of rainfall severely reduced yields. That coupled with a number of late spring freezes severaly impacted yield and oil content. So the effects of drought in combination with a cold winter were observed for many canola producers for the first time. One of the biggest positives to come out of the 2013/14 growing season is the K-State breeding program was able to screen its breeding materials effectively for winter survival. Materials that did not survive the winter of 2013/14 were discarded and only the most hardy were advanced. Another positive is that we now have a rating of winter survival for many of the products grown by producers. This information did not exist before the 2013/14 growing season. Unfortunately, the cold snap of November 2014 completely wiped out the program's breeding nursery and an entire generation of materials was lost. Despite the weather setbacks, the objectives of the project were attained. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training is offered to producers, extension agents, and agribusiness professionals at major events held in Oklahoma. CEUs are offered so professional agronomists are able to maintain their certification. The PD and other PIs presented research results generated through this project at each event. The 10th and 11th annual Oklahoma-Kansas Canola Conferences were held in Enid, OK, drawing 100 participants on July, 2014 and 50 participants on July, 2015. Canola College is the premier educational and training event for canola producers in the southern Great Plains held annually in Enid, OK. Nearly 400 and 300 people participated on February 13, 2014 and February 19, 2015, respectively. Research results generated through this project are directly influencing decision makers in the region that are driving increased canola production. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information for clientele is made available through websites, extension programming, radio and television interviews, social media, and popular press. The PD gave periodic interviews on the K-State Radio Network's "Agriculture Today" program detailing harvest results, field days and risk management schools, and the effects of the abnormally cold winter. The PD and PIs prepare articles for the weekly K-State Agronomy e-Update, detailing some of the latest production problems and benefits to canola in Kansas cropping systems. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Canola is an oilseed that produces healthy cooking oil and it bears a qualified health claim stating consumption can reduce the risks of coronary heart disease. The USA imports approximately 80% of the canola oil it consumes. To satisfy this growing demand, winter canola is a new, alternative broadleaf crop under production in the southern Great Plains (SGP). Growing winter canola in rotation with winter wheat improves the sustainability of wheat-based cropping systems by increasing wheat yields and by reducing troublesome weed, disease, and insect pressures that often plague monoculture wheat production. Winter canola acres have increased greatly since the early 2000s in the SGP because of improved cultivars, observed rotational benefits to wheat, growing U.S. demand for canola oil, and increased research and extension activities. USDA/NASS reported 130,000; 205,000; 270,000; and 150,000 acres planted in Oklahoma in the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 seasons, respectively. Kansas and Colorado together have 22,600; 40,000; 70,000; and 54,000 planted acres in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. According to the USDA-FSA, Kansas producers seeded 6,870; 11,811; 19,466; 33,650; 59,729; and 47,281 acres in the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 seasons, respectively. We estimate between 20,000 and 30,000 acres were seeded in Kansas for the 2016 season. Kansas was the only state in the SGP to see an acreage increase in the 2014/15 season following a disastrous 2013/14 season. Through this research, new winter canola varieties are being developed that are adapted to the climate of the southern Great Plains. Since 2010, six new commercial cultivars have been released by the canola breeding program at Kansas State University. Production systems are being created and modified to effectively and profitably plant and harvest the crop. Researchers have identified the limits of the canola planting window for much of the region. Novel approaches to management of the previous crop's residue have improved both canola establishment and winter survival. New knowledge and technologies are being transferred to the general public through seminars, field days, production schools, extension publications, radio programs, social media, and scholarly journals. Through the duration of this project, over 3,300 people were reached through extension events. 1. Results generated by the variety testing network help producers make informed variety selection decisions, and allow private industry and other universities an opportunity to evaluate experimental and commercial cultivars across a broad geography. This is accomplished through coordination of the National Winter Canola Variety Trial (NWCVT) and other regional trials to support the canola breeding program and the US canola industry. In general, 2013/14 winter temperatures were significantly below normal. Differential winterkill or complete stand failure was observed at many sites for the first time in over a decade. Severe drought and late spring freezes caused poor seed set in spring 2014. Despite the weather, survival ratings obtained for commercial and experimental cultivars give us the ability to make better recommendations about cultivar adaptation. Below average yields of 1706, 498, 489, 848, 401, 1271, and 1755 lb/acre were reported at Fruita and Rocky Ford, CO; Belleville, Garden City, and Hutchinson, KS; Clovis, NM; and Goodwell, OK, respectively. Excellent winter survival ratings (percent of stand) were reported at at Rocky Ford, Clovis, and Goodwell, averaging 70.7%, 97.4%, and 99.0%, respectively. In Kansas, survival ratings were not as good, averaging 3.3, 2.6, and 4.2 at Belleville, Garden City, and Hutchinson, respectively (on a scale from 1=100-80% to 5=20-0% survival.) Unfortunately, conditions did not improve much in 2014/15, as a rapid temperature decline in November caused freeze-induced desiccation before winter acclimation was complete. As a result, seven of eight sites in Kansas had severe winterkill and were not harvested. However, experimental cultivars from the KSU breeding program averaged 20% greater survival and over 20 bu/acre more than the check cultivar Wichita in testing at Enid, OK. Some sites outside of Kansas fared the rapid temperature decline better with average yields of 1884, 3355, 3811, and 1962 lb/acre at Fruita, CO; Yellow Jacket, CO; Clovis, NM; and Chickasha, OK; respectively. 2. The Kansas State University Research Foundation (KSURF) licensed two new winter canola varieties, HyCLASS220W (KSR4650) and HyCLASS225W (KSR4649S). Considerable interest is expected because the varieties were bred specifically for the southern Great Plains and Roundup Ready varieties make up the majority of the winter canola varieties grown. KSURF also licensed Griffin winter canola to a seed company in Washington state. Griffin has shown unique adaptation to the inland Pacific Northwest. Griffin is also being licensed to one certified seed grower in Kansas. KSURF also has KSR07363 and DKW45-25 under license. 3. Through this project, the program will initiate hybrid parent line development. The first hybrid crosses are planned for the growth chamber in winter 2015-2016. A licensing agreement with INRA-France was recently signed and approved. 4. At New Mexico State University, water use patterns for winter canola and wheat are being investigated. A three-year study of irrigation protocols is gauging water use efficiency and optimum irrigation amounts for winter canola. Comparisons are being made between full irrigation and several deficit irrigation schemes. Canola and wheat used similar amounts of water at the 0-in. (dryland) irrigation treatment, with canola having extracted only slightly less (1.86 inches) compared to wheat (2.33 inches). At the 6-and 12-in. irrigation levels, wheat extracted more water than canola at all depths and water content was greater at the end of the season following canola. At Kansas State University, the main goal is to understand how cultivar selection and management practices affect winter canola performance at varying water regimes. The study evaluates water productivity and yield stability of canola genotypes (OPs and hybrids) under a range of irrigation levels (as related to the season-long crop water needs, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Indicators of water use efficiency (WUE) and crop productivity will be determined. In addition, an economic analysis will be performed for both studies. The studies were abandoned in spring 2014 and 2015 because of severe winterkill in the plots. 5. A multifaceted extension and outreach program includes participation from faculty in cooperation with industry personnel, grower organizations, and producers. Research and variety trial results generated from previous year's studies are presented at extension activities and the topics are tailored to each specific audience. Educating the general public about winter canola requires small group and individual interactions to relay expertise and give confidence to producers. This approach has been extremely successful thus far and the PIs will follow a similar approach in the future. Extension activities will target the greatest needs of producers and use stakeholder input to direct discussion and the research topics to be presented. The PIs also collaborate with agriculture and natural resources extension agents to identify the needs of local clientele. Field days and production schools are effective ways to disseminate research-based results and basic production practices. The PD encourages all PIs to host at least one extension event related to the canola research undertaken. In all, 44 events were held and approximately 3,380 participants attended during the reporting period. This level of participation clearly illustrates that the information presented is needed and highly sought after by producers interested in growing winter canola in rotation with other crops.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Angadi, S., S. Begna, and M. Stamm. 2014. Seasonal forage productivity and quality of dual purpose winter canola and wheat in the southern High Plains. In 2014 Agronomy abs. [Online] ASA, Madison, WI.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Ciampitti, I.A., M. Stamm, D.A. Ruiz Diaz, W.M. Stewart, and S.A. Harrold. 2014. Nutrient uptake and partitioning in winter canola. In 2014 Agronomy abs. [Online] ASA, Madison, WI.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
P.B. DeLaune, C. Coufal, and C. Neely. 2014. Management strategies for winter canola in the Texas Rolling Plains. In 2014 Agronomy abs. [Online] ASA, Madison, WI.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Y. Assefa, M. Stamm, and K. Roozeboom. 2014. Winter canola yield and survival as a function of environment, genetics, and management. In 2014 Agronomy abs. [Online] ASA, Madison, WI.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
J. Holman, M.J. Stamm, and D. Min. 2014. Nurse cropping and fall grazing of winter canola. In 2014 Agronomy abs. [Online] ASA, Madison, WI.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
S.V. Angadi, W. Ahmed, S. Begna, and U. Rangappa. 2014. Comparing water use pattern of winter canola and winter wheat and their water use and yield relationships. In 2014 Agronomy abs. [Online] ASA, Madison, WI.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
M. Stamm. 2014. Winter canola breeding in the southern Great Plains. In 2014 Agronomy abs. [Online] ASA, Madison, WI.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
J. Damicone, M. Stamm, and C. Diaz. 2014. Screening winter canola germplasm for blackleg resistance. In 2014 Agronomy abs. [Online] ASA, Madison, WI.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
I. Kisekka, J. Holman, M. Stamm, and I. Ciampitti. 2015. Canola production under full and limited irrigation. Ogallala Aquifer Initiative.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
M. Stamm, Y. Assefa, I. Ciampitti, G. Cramer, J. Holman, K. Roozeboom, and B. Showalter. 2015. Strategies for improving winter survival in U.S. southern Great Plains winter canola.
|
Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Experienced and beginning farmers and ranchers, agricultural professionals, and industry personnel were educated on production and marketing technologies associated with winter canola. Methods of delivery included, but not limited to, field days, field tours, risk management schools, extension and journal publications, professional society meetings, agronomic updates, radio and television interviews, and social media. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Three major events where training is offered to agribusiness professionals were held in Kansas and Oklahoma. CEUs are offered so professional agronomists are able to maintain their certification. The PD presented research results generated through this project at each event. The 9th Annual Oklahoma-Kansas Winter Canola Conference in Enid, OK on July 17, 2013 attracted over 325 participants with numerous professional agronomists included. The Kansas Agricultural Retailers Association drew 75 professional agronomists to Junciton City, KS on January 8, 2014. Canola College in Enid, OK on February 13, 2014 drew over 400 participants. Research results generated through this project are directly influencing decision makers in the region that are driving increased canola production. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Information for clientele is made available through websites, extension programming, radio and television interviews, social media, and popular press. In 2013/14, the PD gave three interviews on the K-State Radio Network’s “Agriculture Today” program detailing harvest results, field days and risk management schools, and the effects of the abnormally cold winter. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? To promote winter canola acreage and production increases in the southern Great Plains region during the next reporting period, the project will focus on the high priority areas of development and testing of superior cultivars, improved methods of production, and transfer of new knowledge to producers. Success will be measured by an increase in planted acres, the testing and release of new cultivars with yields above the national average, improved consistency of production using best management practices, and attendance, participation, and feedback at extension activities. The following objectives will guide our approach at accomplishing these goals. Develop and evaluate high-yielding, regionally adapted winter canola cultivars. Priority traits of the breeding program include: winter survival, tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicide carryover, tolerance to post-emergence applications of glyphosate herbicide, yield potential, oil quality and quantity, hybrid parent lines, blackleg resistance, and forage quality. Improve canola cropping systems by addressing agronomic management issues through scientific research. Production studies include: crop establishment, simulated grazing of forage, crop rotation, nutrient balance and management, on-farm testing, and crop modeling in DSSAT. Deliver production and marketing technologies for canola through appropriate extension and outreach programs. Demonstrate to producers that winter canola is an agronomically and economically viable oilseed and/or grazing crop. Methods of delivery may include, but are not limited to, field days, field tours, risk management schools, extension and journal publications, professional society meetings, agronomic updates, radio and television interviews, and social media.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Winter canola is being introduced into the southern Great Plains as an alternative broadleaf crop. Canola is an oilseed that produces healthy cooking oil, which bears a qualified health claim stating consumption can reduce the risks of coronary heart disease. The USA imports approximately 80% of the canola oil it consumes. In addition, growing winter canola in rotation with winter wheat will improve the sustainability of wheat-based cropping systems not only by increasing wheat yields, but also by reducing troublesome weed, disease, and insect pressures that often plague wheat production. Through this research, new winter canola varieties are being developed that are adapted to the climate of the southern Great Plains. Production systems are being created and modified to effectively and profitably plant and harvest the crop. New knowledge and technologies are being transferred to the general public through seminars, field days, production schools, extension publications, radio programs, social media, and scholarly journals. The canola research needs of the southern Great Plains region remain variety development, variety testing, production research, and extension and outreach. Researchers are developing cropping systems and new adapted cultivars are necessary to sustain these systems. In addition, the canola breeding program at K-State is the only public canola breeding program in the southern Great Plains. Thus, this project supports and maintains the regional variety testing network. 1. Producers rely heavily upon the results generated by the regional variety testing network. These results help new and experienced producers make informed variety selection decisions, and allow private industry and other universities an opportunity to evaluate experimental and commercial cultivars across a broad geography. This is accomplished through coordination of the National Winter Canola Variety Trial (NWCVT) and other trials to support the canola breeding program and the US canola industry. In 2012-2013, canola performed well in the southern Great Plains at locations where moisture was plentiful and there were no severe effects from extreme drought or late spring freezes. Goodwell, OK; Etter, TX; and Lubbock, TX suffered significant damage from the late spring freezes. Above average yields of 2,213; 2,918; 2,958; 2,118; and 2,707 lb/acre were collected at Fruita, CO; Andale, KS; Belleville, KS; Hutchinson, KS; and Clovis, NM, respectively. All locations experienced late spring freezes but recovery was excellent because canola has the ability to compensate for stresses at flowering and pod fill. In addition, these yields are greater than 2011/12 yields because of adequate spring moisture and a cool grain fill period. As a general rule, southern Great Plains yields are greater than the 2013 national average of 1,748 lb/acre. Location oil means ranged from 35.0% to 44.9%. Oil content was reduced at locations affected by late freezes during grain fill. However, the results indicate winter canola can be grown in the southern Great Plains it yields are as competitive in this region as in any other across the USA. Results are free to the pulbic and are published each year in the annual Report of Progress that is available through K-State Research and Extension. 2. The Kansas Agriculture Experiment Station will be releasing two new winter canola varieties, KSR4649S and KSR4650. KSR4649S was developed at Kansas State University and it possesses resistance to glyphosate herbicide (Roundup Ready) and tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicide residue in the soil. KSR4650 is resistance to glyphosate herbicide and is competitive with the most widely grown herbicide tolerant varieties in the southern Great Plains. The varieties will be licensed to a third-party seed distributor under an exclusive agreement with the Kansas State University Research Foundation. Considerable interest is expected because the varieties were bred specifically for the southern Great Plains and Roundup Ready varieties make up the majority of the winter canola varieties grown. 3. Through this project, the program will initiate hybrid parent line development. The first hybrid crosses are planned for the growth chamber in winter 2014-2015 at Kansas State University. Final details for a licensing agreement with INRA-France are being negotiated and this will allow use of a male sterile and fertility restoration technology that is used by many winter canola breedin programs worldwide. 4. At New Mexico State University, water use patterns for winter canola and wheat are being investigated. A three-year study of irrigation protocols is gauging water use efficiency and optimum irrigation amounts for winter canola. Detailed microclimate observations are being used to model evapotranspiration and water savings. Comparisons are being made between full irrigation and several deficit irrigation schemes. Canola and wheat used similar amounts of water at the 0-in. (dryland) irrigation treatment, with canola having extracted only slightly less (1.86 inches) compared to wheat (2.33 inches). At the 6- and 12-in. irrigation levels, wheat extracted more water than canola at all depths and water content was greater at the end of the season following canola. At Kansas State University, the main goal is to understand how cultivar selection and management practices affect winter canola performance at varying water regimes. The study evaluates water productivity and yield stability of canola genotypes (OPs and hybrids) under a range of irrigation levels (as related to the season-long crop water needs, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Indicators of water use efficiency (WUE) and crop productivity will be determined. In addition, an economic analysis will be performed for both studies. This study was abandoned in spring 2014 because of severe winterkill in the plots. 5. A multifaceted extension and outreach program includes participation from faculty in cooperation with industry personnel, grower organizations, and producers. The need to educate both inexperienced and experienced producers is great as adoption of winter canola spreads. Research and variety trial results generated from previous year’s studies are presented at extension activities and the topics are tailored to each specific audience. Educating the general public about winter canola requires small group and individual interactions to relay expertise and give confidence to producers. This approach has been extremely successful thus far and the PIs will follow a similar approach in the future. Extension activities will target the greatest needs of producers and use stakeholder input to direct discussion and the research topics to be presented. The PIs also collaborate with agriculture and natural resources extension agents to identify the needs of local clientele. Field days and production schools are effective ways to disseminate research-based results and basic production practices. This “face-to-face” approach is congenial, especially when the majority of audiences are producers. Field days and production schools cover projects directly supported by the SACC Grants Program. The PD encourages all PIs to host at least one extension event related to the canola research undertaken. The PIs organized numerous extension events throughout the project period. In all, 27 events were held and approximately 1,889 participants attended. This level of participation clearly illustrates that the information presented is needed and highly sought after by producers interested in growing winter canola in rotation with other crops.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Assefa, Y., K. Roozeboom, and M. Stamm. Winter canola yield and survival as a function of environment, genetics, and management. Crop Sci. 54:111 (2014). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2013.10.0678.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Stamm, M. and S. Watson. 2013. Winter canola production in Kansas: producer experiences. MF-3093. Kans. Ag. Exp. St. and Coop. Ext. Ser., Manhattan, KS.
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