PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF NEMATODES ON CORN, SOYBEANS AND OTHER CROPS OF REGIONAL IMPORTANCE

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1001575
• Multistate No.: NC-_old1197
• Project Start Date: Nov 21, 2013
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2016
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
1310 BOLLEY DR
FARGO,ND 58105-5750

Performing Department
Plant Pathology

Non Technical Summary
Soybean cyst nematode in an invasive pest that was introduced into the United States in the 1950's. It was first reported in North Dakota in 2003, and has since been identified in eleven additional counties. Two management strategies (resistance and rotation) are routinely used to manage this pest in other states, but awareness of those strategies among North Dakota growers is low. Additionally, nematicide seed treatments have recently become available to growers, but limited non-biased data about their performance exists. The objectives of this project are to evaluate nematicide seed treatments for efficacy against soybean cyst nematode and to increase awareness among growers of all management tools available. Seed treatments were evaluated in three North Dakota locations in 2013 and will be evaluated in three locations in 2014. Distribution of those results, and information about other management tools, will be available to growers via soybean cyst field days (three scheduled in 2013), presentations at winter meetings (approximately 15 in 2013, more in 2014 will be scheduled) and through Extension and commodity groups. Additionally, two advanced trainings (target audience is crop consultants and county Extension agents) were held in 2013 and more will occur in 2014. All management techniques were/will be discussed.

Animal Health Component

100%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

100%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
212	1820	1120	100%

Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1820 - Soybean;

Field Of Science
1120 - Nematology;

Keywords

scn

soybean cyst nematode

Goals / Objectives
Develop, evaluate, improve, and integrate management techniques for plant-parasitic nematodes in the North Central Region to increase grower profitability.

Project Methods
Two educational events directed at North Dakotacounty Extension agents and crop consultants were held in 2013; a one-day course held in Ames, IA and a two-day course held in Fargo, ND. Educational techniques included seminar presentations, hands on demonstrations, written material distribution and study and small group question and answer sessions.A portion of thedatapresented wasfrom seed treatment trials conducted in North Dakota. Learning was evaluated with pre-and post tests. Change in actions will be evaluated by surveys sent to attendees in October, designed to measure change in practices (i.e. as a result of the training, did you soil sample for soybean cyst nematode?).

Progress 11/21/13 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Soybean growers and growers of various field crops, other plant scientists, agronomists, farm managers, crop consultants and scouts working with field crops Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided training for undergraduate, graduate students and postdoctoral research associates in research on soybean cyst nematode and other nematodes affecting various field crops in North Dakota. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information was reported to growers, extension agents, and stakeholders through the extension activities on management of soybean cyst nematode and stubby root nematodes on potato. Research results of plant-parasitic nematodes on field crops in North Dakota were disseminated to plant pathologists, agronomists, breeders and extension professionals in others states and other counties by attending regional andnational meetings and by publishing research results in journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?More screening and testing of dry bean for resistance will continue with the goal of developing germplasm and public dry bean varieties with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. More screening and testing of soybean for resistance will continue with the goal of developing germplasm and soybean varieties with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. Field surveys will be continued to investigate the occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes on field crops in North Dakota. More corn, wheat, potato and sugarbeet cultivars used in North Dakota will be screened and evaluated for resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In cooperation with the North Dakota State University soybean breeder, advanced soybean breeding lines and commercial varieties were screened for resistance to soybean cyst nematode under field and greenhouse conditions. A few advanced public breeding lines with high levels of resistance were identified. The information for soybean cultivars with resistance to SCN is included in an annual extension publication of soybean performance testing and available to growers. A breeding program in cooperation with the dry bean breeder at NDSU is underway to incorporate resistance to soybean cyst nematode into dry bean cultivars. Crosses of commercial varieties of pinto bean and kidney bean were made to resistant plant introduction lines and a single seed descent method is being used to create recombinant inbred lines so resistant progeny can be selected and also the resistance loci can be mapped. A large grower-based survey of soybean cyst nematode distribution in the state of North Dakota was done in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. More than 2,522 soil samples were submitted. As a result of the survey, growers in North Dakota are able to assess their likelihood of SCN in existing in their growing region. Additionally, they are much more likely to sample for SCN proactively. More than 68 Extension presentations were delivered to over 4,000 audience members that were focused on soybean cyst nematode and its management, and stubby root nematode on potato and its management. Growers are able to make more informed decisions about nematicide seed treatments based upon the nematicide field testing data in multiple locations. The stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus allius was detected for the first time in North Dakota on potato. The root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus scribneri was detected for the first time in North Dakota on potato. The stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus allius was detected for the first time in Minnesota on sugar beet. We have surveyed hundreds of fields from various crops (sugarbeet, potato, wheat, soybean, corn, dry bean) across ND and identified and quantified eight major genera of plant-parasitic nematodes, which led to the first detection of root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus and lance nematode Hoplolaimus stephanus in North Dakota. Varieties with resistance to various vermiform nematode species and cover crops for suppressing soybean cyst nematode populations are being identified.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 2. Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Huang, D., Liu, Z., Chapara, V., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First report of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus on wheat (Triticum aestivum) in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 100: 1794 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-16-0260-PDN).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 3. Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Huang, D., Upadhaya, A., Gudmestad, N. C., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First report of the stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus allius on potato in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 100: 1247. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1350-PDN).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 4. Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Huang, D., Gudmestad, N. C., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First report of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus scribneri infecting potato in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 100: 1023. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1227-PDN).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 5. Yan, G. P., Khan, M., Huang, D., Lai, X., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First report of the stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus allius on sugar beet in Minnesota. Plant Dis. 100: 1022. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1231-PDN).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 6. Jain, S., Chittem, K., Brueggeman, R., Osorno, J. M., Richards, J., Berlin D. Nelson, B.D. 2016. Comparative transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible common bean genotypes in response to soybean cyst nematode infection. PLOS ONE. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159338.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 1. Yan, G. P. and Plaisance, A. 2016. Vermiform plant-parasitic nematodes on soybean in North Dakota and their relationship with soybean cyst nematode. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 106:S4.104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-106-12-S4.1
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 2. Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Huang, D., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First detection of the stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus allius on potato in North Dakota and on sugarbeet in Minnesota. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 106:S4.125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-106-12-S4.1
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 1. Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Huang, D., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First report of the lance nematode Hoplolaimus stephanus from a soybean field in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 100: 2536. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-16-1012-PDN).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 3. Huang, D. and Yan, G. P. 2016. Real-time and conventional PCR assays for identifying the stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus allius. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 106:S4.114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-106-12-S4.1
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 4. Huang, D. and Yan, G. P. 2016. Specific detection of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus scribneri using conventional and real-time PCR. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 106:S4.114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-106-12-S4.1
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 5. Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Huang, D., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First detection of Pratylenchus scribneri on potato and P. neglectus on wheat in North Dakota. Pages 197-198 in Abstracts of 55th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, Montreal Quebec, Canada, July 17-21.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 6. Baidoo, R. and Yan, G. P. 2016. Molecular detection and identification of Heterodera glycines in soil DNA extracts in North Dakota. Page 52 in Abstracts of 55th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, Montreal Quebec, Canada, July 17-21.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 7. Chowdhury, I., Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Nelson, B., Markell, S., Helms, T. C., and Upadhaya, A. 2016. Population diversity of soybean cyst nematode in North Dakota Fields. Pages 68-69 in Abstracts of 55th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, Montreal Quebec, Canada, July 17-21.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 8. Plaisance, A., Yan, G. P., and Upadhaya, A. 2016. Selected northern-grown crops as hosts of Pratylenchus scribneri. Pages 159-160 in Abstracts of 55th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, Montreal Quebec, Canada, July 17-21.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 9. Plaisance, A., Yan, G. P., Peterson, D., Gudmestad, N.C., and Thorsness, K. B. 2016. Experimental chemical applications for control of corky ring spot disease of potato vectored by Paratrichodorus allius. Page 159 in Abstracts of 55th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, Montreal Quebec, Canada, July 17-21.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 10. Upadhaya, A., Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Pasche, J. S., and McPhee, K. 2016. Identification and reproduction of pin nematodes on field pea (Pisum sativum) in North Dakota. Pages 185-186 in Abstracts of 55th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, Montreal Quebec, Canada, July 17-21.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 11. Yan, G. P. 2015. Molecular technology as a useful tool for nematode diagnostics: A case study of root-lesion nematode and cereal cyst nematode. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA, August 1-5.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 12. Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., and Ye, W. 2015. Plant-parasitic nematodes on field crops in Southeastern and Northeastern North Dakota. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA, August 1-5, 504-P.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 13. Yan, G. P., Pasche, J. S., Zitnick-Anderson, K., and Pederson, S. 2015. Plant-parasitic nematodes on field pea in North Dakota. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA, August 1-5, 507-P.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 14. Yan, G. P. 2015. Developing real-time PCR assays for direct detection and quantification of root-lesion nematodes from soil. Pages 91-92 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 15. Yan, G. P., Markell, S., Nelson, B. J., Helms, T.C., and Osorno, J. M. 2015. The status of soybean cyst nematode occurrence and management in North Dakota. Pages 126-127 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 16. Yan, G. P. and Gudmestad, N.C. 2015. Stubby root nematode as the virus vector of corky ringspot disease of potato. Page 126 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 17. Yan, G. P. and Smiley, R. W. 2015. Using PCR to detect and distinguish the cereal cyst nematodes Heterodera filipjevi and H. avenae. Page 127 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 18. Plaisance, A. and Yan, G. P. 2015. Comparison of two nematode extraction techniques. Page 120 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 1. Markell, S., Nelson, B., Pasche, J., and Yan, G. P. 2016. Soybean cyst nematode and the threat to dry beans. Northarvest Bean Grower Magazine. 22 (5): 16-17.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 2. Nelson, B., Yan, G. P., Markell, S. G., and Pasche, J. S. 2015. Sample your soil for soybean cyst nematode! Northarvest BeanGrower Magazine. 21(3):28-29.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 3. Markell, S., Yan, G. P., Nelson, B., Knudson, M., and Larson, C. 2015. Soybean cyst distribution in North Dakota. North Dakota State University Cooperative Extension Service - Crop and Pest Report. Issue 2: Pp 4-7.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 4. Khan, M., Arabiat, S., Yan, G. P., and Chanda, A. K. (2016). Stubby root nematode and sampling in sugarbeet. North Dakota Extension Bulletin A1821, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND. 4 p. (online at https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/rowcrops/a1821.pdf).
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 5. Khan, M., Arabiat, S., Chanda, A. K., and Yan, G. P. (2016). Sugar beet cyst nematode. North Dakota Extension Bulletin PP1788, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND. 2 p. (online at https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/pests/pp1788.pdf).
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: 6. Mathew, F., Markell, S., Jantzi D., Yan, G. P., Nelson, B., and Helms T. (2014). Soybean cyst nematode. North Dakota Extension Bulletin PP-1732, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND. 4 p.

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Soybean growers and growers of various field crops, other plant scientists, agronomists, farm managers and crop scouts working with field crops. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided training for undergraduate and graduate students in research on soybean cyst nematode and other nematodes affecting field crops in North Dakota How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information was reported to growers, extension agents, and stakeholders through the extension activities on management of soybean cyst nematode. Research results on plant-parasitic nematodes on field crops in North Dakota were disseminated to scientists in others states and other counties by attending national professional meetings What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?More screening and testing of dry bean for resistance will continue with the goal of developing germplasm and public dry bean varieties with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. Common and potential cover crops will be screened for reducing soybean cyst nematodes in infested fields. Field surveys will be continued to investigate the occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes on field crops in North Dakota. Corn, wheat and sugarbeet cultivars commonly used in North Dakota will be screened and evaluated for resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In cooperation with the North Dakota State University soybean breeder, advanced soybean breeding lines and commercial varieties were screened for resistance to soybean cyst nematode under field and greenhouse conditions. A few advanced public breeding lines with high levels of resistance were identified. A breeding program in cooperation with the dry bean breeder at NDSU is underway to incorporate resistance to soybean cyst nematode into dry bean cultivars. Crosses of commercial varieties of pinto bean and kidney bean were made to resistant plant introduction lines and a single seed descent method is being used to create recombinant inbred lines so resistant progeny can be selected and also the resistance loci can be mapped. A large grower-based survey of soybean cyst nematode distribution in the state of North Dakota was done in 2014.A total of 814 samples were submitted. 27 Extension presentations were delivered to over 2,037 audience members that were solely or partially focused on soybean cyst nematode and its management. The stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus allius was detected for the first time in North Dakota on potato. The root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus scribneri was detected for the first time in North Dakota on potato. The stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus allius was detected for the first time in Minnesota on sugar beet.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 1. Yan, G. P. 2015. Molecular technology as a useful tool for nematode diagnostics: A case study of root-lesion nematode and cereal cyst nematode. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA, August 1-5
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: 2. Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., and Ye, W. 2015. Plant-parasitic nematodes on field crops in Southeastern and Northeastern North Dakota. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA, August 1-5, 504-P.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: 3. Yan, G. P., Pasche, J. S., Zitnick-Anderson, K., and Pederson, S. 2015. Plant-parasitic nematodes on field pea in North Dakota. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA, August 1-5, 507-P.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 4. Yan, G. P. 2015. Developing real-time PCR assays for direct detection and quantification of root-lesion nematodes from soil. Pages 91-92 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 5. Yan, G. P., Markell, S., Nelson, B. J., Helms, T.C., and Osorno, J. M. 2015. The status of soybean cyst nematode occurrence and management in North Dakota. Pages 126-127 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 6. Yan, G. P. and Gudmestad, N.C. 2015. Stubby root nematode as the virus vector of corky ringspot disease of potato. Page 126 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 7. Yan, G. P. and Smiley, R. W. 2015. Using PCR to detect and distinguish the cereal cyst nematodes Heterodera filipjevi and H. avenae. Page 127 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Plaisance, A. and Yan, G. P. 2015. Comparison of two nematode extraction techniques. Page 120 in Abstracts of 54th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists, East Lansing, MI, July 19-24
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Nelson, B., Yan, G. P., Markell, S. G., and Pasche, J. S. 2015. Sample your soil for soybean cyst nematode! Northarvest BeanGrower Magazine. 21(3):28-29.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: 2. Markell, S., Yan, G. P., Nelson, B., Knudson, M., and Larson, C. 2015. Soybean cyst distribution in North Dakota. North Dakota State University Cooperative Extension Service - Crop and Pest Report. Issue 2: Pp 4-7.

Progress 11/21/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Growers, agronomists and other agriculture professionals who interact with growers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? 34 Extension presentations were delivered to over 1,800 audience members that were solely or partially focused on SCN and SCN management. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results are disseminated through Extension presentations, extension publications and alerts, through popular press outlets and through media interviews. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Seed treatment trials will continue. Survey work for SCN detection and Hg-type assessment will expand. Survey for other economically-important nematode species will begin.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Three SCN nematicide seed treatment trials were established in 2014. Limited useful data was obtained due to unfavorable environment and limited SCN increase. A large grower-based survey of SCN distribution in the state of North Dakota was done in 2014. A total of 581 samples were submitted. Two television interviews, six print interviews, 12 radio interviews were given to region and/or statewide media about SCN Two peer-reviewed Extension publication, four popular press articles and six Extension alerts were written and distributed.

Publications

• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Mathew, F., Markell, S., Jantzi, D., Yan, G., Nelson, B., and Helms, T. 2014. Soybean cyst nematode. North Dakota Cooperative Extension Service Publication PP-1732.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kandel, H., Helms, T., Markell, S., Nelson, B., Jain, S., Deplazes, C., Mehring, G., Ostlie, M. Schatz, B., Besemann, L., Rickertsen, J., Olson, R., Eriksmoen, E., Tarasenko, J., Effertz, J., Hanson, R., Hakanson, T., Henry, L., Bergman, J., Pradhan, G., Amiot, D., Lamolinare, B., Tjelde, T., Zimprich, B., and Harstad A. 2014. North Dakota soybean variety trial results for 2014 and selection guide. North Dakota Cooperative Extension Service Publication A-843.