Progress 11/22/13 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this work are students, nematologists, potato growers, and representatives of the potato industry. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated by Cynthia Gleason, who gave a presentation about nematodes to potato industry representatives andpotato growers at the Washington-Oregon Potato Conference, Kennewick, WA in February 2018. She also presented her workat the Columbia Basin Crop Consultants Association (CBCCA) Short Course, Moses Lake, WA in 2018. This course wasattended by 75-90 crop consultants who work with many different crops, but primarily irrigated row crops like potato. To reach out to growers on the west side of Washington State, Dr. Gleason gave a presentation at the WA Western Washington Potato Workshop, Mt Vernon, WA. Approximately 30-50 people in the Washington potato industry attended this workshop. Lastly, Dr. Gleason presented her research to nematologists and students at the annual Society of Nematologists meeting in Albuquerque, NM, in July 2018. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, the Gleason lab plans to complete the transcriptome analyses of Race 1, Race 2 and Race 1 Roza. We will focus on identifying genes that encode secreted proteins, and using Race 1 as the prototype, we will establish a pipeline for further characterizing specific parasitism genes. The planned experiments include in situ hybridization assays to determine where in the nematode the parasitism genes are transcribed.We will also be developing a fluorescence-based assay for distinguishingM. chitwoodifrom other potato-infecting root-knot nematodes.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We have been studying thegenetic differences between the two mainCRKNraces in Washington: Race 1 and Race 2. These two races differ in host range and distribution in Washington State. We completed a transcriptome analysis of potato infected with Race 1. We found 167 genes significantly up-regulated in the nematode during potato infections. We have also recently completed a gene expression analysis of Race 2. Because Race 1 and Race 2 differ in host range, by studying differences in gene expression between these two races, we hope to gain insights into their host specificities. Interestingly, there is a pathotype of Race 1 called Race 1 Roza that can overcome the resistance that is being bred into cultivated potato. We have begun comparing gene expression profiles between Race 1 and Race 1 Roza. Once we gain better insights into the population variability, potato-breeding strategies can be optimized. We can take into account this nematode variability when screening new sources of resistance.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Lei Zhang and Cynthia Gleason, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Detection of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax. Plant Disease DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-18-0093-RE
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Natthanon Leelarasamee, Lei Zhang, Cynthia Gleason, The root-knot nematode effector MiPFN3 disrupts plant actin filaments and promotes parasitism PLOS Pathogens 14(3): e1006947. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006947
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this research includes plant scientists, potato breeders, nematologists, and stakeholders in the potato industry. The main goal of this research is to understand the molecular determinants of virulence in the Columbia root-knot nematode on potato, which will be very helpful in engineering new resistant potato varieties.The efforts to reach the target audienceswith information about thiscutting-edge researchhas included meeting withpotato growersand with growers consortiums for presentationsand participatingin potato field day in Hermiston, Oregon. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?This research onroot-knot nematodeshas been presented to the target audiences at 1) meetings with growers/potatogrower consortiumsand in potato field day in Hermiston, Oregon, 2) an international meeting of the society plant biologists (ASPB, July 2017), 3) an international meeting for plant pathologists (American Phytopathological Society -APS, Aug 2017), and 3) the meeting for the society of nematologists (SON, Aug 2017). An overview of the M. chitwoodi problem on potato and the current research on this nematode was published in the extension newsletter, Potato Progress, XVII, No 3, 2017 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Plant parasitic nematodes are tiny roundworms that infect plants and cause significant crop loses. The most important plant parasitic nematodes are "root-knot nematodes" In potato producing regions of the Pacific Northwest, the root-knot nematode called Meloidogyne chitwoodi is particularly devastating because the worms infect both the plant roots and the tubers. Infected tubers are covered in bumps and blemishes, and these quality defects make the potatoes unmarketable. In addition, the nematode is a quarantine pathogen, and the presence of a few Meloidogyne chitwoodi in a shipment will lead to the rejection of the entire shipment. As a result, this nematode inflicts severe economic losses to potato producers and their rural economies. Currently, the best control method for root-knot nematodes is to use synthetic nematicides. However, these chemicals are harmful to human health and the environment. There is an urgent need to develop new methods of nematode control. Natural resistance would be an ideal nematode solution. Unfortunately, there are isolates of Meloidogyne chitwoodi that can overcome resistant potatoes, and there is a critical need for new control strategies in potato. The major goal is to "Characterize genetic and biological variation in nematodes relevant to crop production and trade." Meloidogyne chitwoodi is a major pathogen of potato. Therefore, this project has sought to analyze diverse M. chitwoodi populations and record their variability at the genome level. We then will use this information to develop novel nematode control mechanisms in potato. By working with Oregon State University, we sequenced the genomes of three Meloidogyne chitwoodi populations (Race 1, Race 2, and Race 1 Rosa). We have also looked at the total gene expression of these three populations during potato infection using a technique called RNA sequencing. The molecular analysis of these different nematode populations has lead us to develop an assay called loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) that can distinguish Meloidogyne chitwoodi from other root-knot nematode species. The LAMP assay is a single-tube, low cost, DNA-based assay that can specifically detect Meloidogyne chitwoodi within 30 minutes. Because the LAMP assay does not require special equipment, like a thermocycler, it can be performed on field sites. There is no doubt that the LAMP assay will facilitate detection of Meloidogyne chitwoodi in the field and can contribute to better nematode management practices. Because we have sequenced the genomes of Meloidogyne chitwoodi Race 1 and Race 2, we plan to develop a LAMP assay that can distinguish these races. Race 1 and Race 2 differ in their ability to reproduce on carrot and alfalfa. Distinguishing these races in the field is important because potato growers can then decide which rotation strategy would be appropriate. In other words, if growers can easily determine the nematode race that is present in a field, they can decide if rotating the field with alfalfa will hurt or help the nematode population. Race 2 infects alfalfa; growing alfalfa in a field where Race 2 is present would hurt the grower's bottom. Using the LAMP assay to determine if Race 2 is present would help avoid this situation. Lastly, through the genome sequence information for diverse M. chitwoodi populations, we have started understanding how certain nematode populations can overcome plant resistance. Once we gain a better insights into the population variability, potato breeding strategies can be optimized. We can take into account nematode variability when screening new sources of resistance.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Extension Newsletter
Potato Progress, Volume XVII, No. 3
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The local and national agricultural production community. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results are disseminated through extension seminars and meetings with stakeholders. I reported on my root-knot nematode research at the Hermiston Farm Fair in Nov 2016. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The multi-state project has initiated a diagnostic DNA barcoding reference data base of major plant parasitic nematodes that impact US agriculture. For WA, this will include genome sequencing of isolates of Meloidogyne chitwoodi.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The research conducted under the current W-3186 multistate project has indicated that a greater understanding of nematode genetic responses and adaptations to abiotic factors are important in optimizing the design of cultural management practices. The research has also indicated how nematodes can adapt to in our agricultural production systems through studies on genetic responses and adaptations to local environments. There is a yearly meeting of all the participants to discuss new research accomplishments. This year the meeting was in Davis, CA from Nov 9-11, 2016.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:PI has left the University. New PI expected to join in March 2016. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
No progress this reporting period.
Publications
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Progress 11/22/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems: Project director has left University What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Project director has left University, nothing to report
Publications
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