Progress 11/22/13 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for this research project included partcipants from the rice industry including rice producers, personnel in the rice milling industry (mill operators and managers), pest control professionals and ultimately, consumers who depend on safe, wholesome, insect-free food products. This list also includes researchers and extension professionals withinthe U.S. and internationally. Changes/Problems:We had difficulties in conducting the research associated for the third objective "to determine if forested environments around rice storage bins/facilities allow a refuge for stored-product insects". The rice storage facilities we had connections with were not associated around forested habitats. So we changed direction and conducted more research associated with objective 1 (development of insects on rice).The development of lesser grain borers was examined on rough rice and white rice when rice was dried using infrared. Please refer to the section "what was accomplished under these goals?". What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has allowed opportunities for undergradute and graduate students to obtain training in entomology. During this reporting time period one undergraduate studuent worked on this project at Arkansas State University (A-State). The National Science Foundation sponsored Braden Likens for an 8 week summer internship (Bridge Program). He presented a talk and poster at the research symposium. Rachel Hampton also completed her MS graduate studies at Arkansas State University. She collaborated with faculty and staff at the University of Arkansas, Department of Food Science, Rice Processing Program and presented a poster at the Industry Alliance Meeting in Fayetteville, AR (May 2018). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this project has been disseminated to a wide audience. As results come in, we work with rice personnel from the rice mills and send them electronic copies of the insect monitoring data on a regular basis. We help them to develop best management practices for insect control. During this reporting period, wesubmitted threejournal articles, and one student published herMS thesis. The research was alsopresentedat:1) Arkansas State University (two student research symposiums),2)the Industry Alliance Meeting in Fayetteville, AR and 3) University of Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Australia. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Infrared radiation (IR) is a chemical-free method of drying grains and that effectively eliminates insect pests and fungi. However, it is not known how IR may potentially change the structure of a grain kernel possibly making the treated grain more susceptible to future insect infestations. This research examined the effects of IR on Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) development and feeding damage using two long grain rice cultivars, XL745 (hybrid) and CL152 (pureline). Rice cultivars were harvested in northeast Arkansas and sent to the University of Arkansas' Grain Processing and Engineering Laboratory (Food Science Department, Fayetteville, AR). The samples were cleaned to remove debris and stored at 4°C to maintain a high moisture content before drying with infrared.Rough and brown rice were treated with IR using three intensities 2.15, 2.83, and 10.84 kW/m2. All rice was heated to 60°C, a temperature that would effectively kill insects without breaking or popping the kernels. The IR-treated rice was dried to a final moisture content of 13% wet basis in an equilibrium moisture content chamber (EMCC); (ESL 4CA Platinous temperature and humidity chamber, Espec, Hudson, MI, U.S.) with temperature set at 26°C and 65% relative humidity (RH). Control samples were dried completely (no IR treatment) in an EMCC with air temperature set at 26°C and 65% RH to a final moisture content of 13% wet basis. For brown rice treatments, hulls were removed from a portion of IR-treated and control rice samples of each cultivar using a laboratory dehuller (Satake Rice Machine, Satake Engineering Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). After drying, the rice samples were placed in zip top plastic bags and placed in a cooler with ice packs. The samples were then driven from Fayetteville to Jonesboro, AR where they were stored in a refrigerator at 5°C for approx. ten months before being exposed to R. dominica.The number of progeny that developed, feeding damage to the kernel, and frass weight after IR drying were compared to rice dried with natural air drying methods. Since R. dominica develop inside grain kernels, X-ray technology was used to examine kernels for internal progeny and feeding damage. Progeny development and kernel damage appear to be more affected by fraction (brown rice) than the cultivar of rice or intensity of IR used to dry the rice, with more progeny produced on brown rice (mean: 15.4± 0.75)than rough rice (mean: 2.0 ± 0.23). An IR intensity of 10.84 kW/m2 for CL152 rice variety increased the number of adults produced and increased the amount of frass produced compared to the lower IR intensities and XL745. Grain dried with an IR intensity of 10.84 kW/m2 especially when the categories of CL152 and/or brown rice were examined showed a higher susceptibility to R. dominica development and feeding damage. Single layer IR drying with an initial moisture content of approx. 20% wet basis at an intensity of 10.84 kW/m2 for a duration of 7s reaching a temperature of 60ºC potentiallyincreases the kernels' suceptability to R. dominica. Based on these results, it is recommended that if IR were to be used as a drying technique,the intensity of 10.84 kW/m2, under the conditions of this study, not be used.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Likens, B., L. Starkus, T. McKay, and T. Siebenmorgen. 2018. Using X-ray technology to determine an algorithm for life stages of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica. Bridge Symposium, August 2, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hampton, R., G. Atungulu, Z. Odek, T. Siebenmorgen, S. Wilson, and T. McKay. 2018. Post-treatment effects of infrared radiation on rough rice germination and development of the lesser grain borer (Ryhzopertha dominica). Industry Alliance Meeting, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 21-22 May, 2018.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
McKay, T. Integrated Pest Management in Rice Mills. Invited talk to the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries and Forestry & University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, October 2017.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hampton, R. M., G. G. Atungulu, Z. Odek, V. Rolland, T. J. Siebenmorgen, S. A. Wilson, and T. McKay. Assessment of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) progeny and feeding damage on rice dried with infrared radiation. Journal of Stored Product Research. (In Review).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
McKay, T., M. P. Bowombe-Toko, L. A. Starkus, F. H. Arthur, and J. F. Campbell. Monitoring of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Rice Mills using Pheromone-baited traps. Journal of Economic Entomology. (In Review).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Arthur, F. H., B. A. Hale, L. A. Starkus, A. R. Gerken, J. F. Campbell, and T. McKay. Development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on rice milling components and by-products: Effects of diet and temperature. Journal of Stored Product Research. (In Review).
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hampton, R. M. 2018. Post-treatment effects of infrared radiation on rough rice germination and lesser grain borers (Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)). MS Thesis, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Hampton, Rachel and T. McKay. T. The effects of infrared radiation on lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica F.) development and grain damage. Creat@astate, A Symposium of Research, Scholarship and Creativity, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, April, 2018.
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:This project will allow rice producers and industry to understand the biology and ecology of various stored-product insects on rice. By knowing the development on various rice milling components, and how these insects interact within the habitat will allow rice mills/rice storage facilities and producers to make better decisions for their integrated pest management programs. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has allowed undergraduate and graduate students at Arkansas State University to acquire research training. They include: graduate student,Rachel Hampton (expected to graduate December2017), undergraduate student, JustinWilliams BS student University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff (particpated in the summer Bridge 8-week Internship Program, sponsored by the National Science Foundation). Hepresented a poster and talk at the research symposium entitled "The efficacy of beta-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin for control of stored product insects in rice mills". This project has also given opportunity for Laura Starkus (Research Technician) to acquire training in various entomological techniques and statistics. The workshops that were held in Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and California in spring 2017 provided training opportunities for pest management professionals who are involved in milling operations of rice, or are responsible for pest managment. McKay (A-State) also provided a training session on how to identify various stored product insects at a pesticide safety and stored product pest control recertification program in March 2017 (Brinkley, AR). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?This project has been discussed at various venues. They include: The Southeastern Branch of theEntomological Society of America (March, 2017, Memphis, TN), and Create @astate, a student research symposium (April 2017, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR). As results come in, we work with rice mill personnel from the four mills and send them electronic copies of their insect monitoring data on a regular basis. We work closely with our four mill study sites and encourage best management practices. During this reporting period, we have published two journal articles and conducted five one-day work shop training sessions in four states (TX, LA, AR and CA) where all participants received a flash drive that containied all presentations and additional information on stored product insect identification for future reference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In April 2018, traps will be placed in forested environements in areas near rice milling facilities to collect stored-product insects. Insects that will be targeted include the lesser grain borer, Indianmeal moth and the red flour beetle.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: To examine the development of stored-product insects on various rice milling components (rough rice, brown rice, hulls, etc.) was expanded to include spillage samples collected at four mills. Rice spillage accumulations were collected outside of mills over two years. Immediately after collecting the samples, they were returned to the lab where all adult stored-product insects were removed from the samples and identified. The samples were then incubated for an additional 6 weeks and all progeny were identified. Of the 181 spillage samples collected, 49 (27%) had stored-product insects at the initial inspection. After 6 weeks, 41 (23%) had stored-product insects. All four rice mills had insects in the samples, but there was a lot of variation from one facility to another. Fifteen stored-product insect species were identified, with rice weevils, Indianmeal moths, and red flour beetles being commonly collected. Various rice milling fractions were collected including rough rice, spoiled rough rice, brown rice, milled broken and whole rice, hulls, fine milling dust, and other grains including corn and wheat. Insects were commonly found in rough rice spillage, spoiled rough rice, milled broken rice and corn. No insects were collected from hulls and fine rice dust. As the season progressed from May to November, there was an increase in the proportion of samples harbouring stored-product insects. This study illustrates that rice spillage outside of milling facilities can be excellent habitat for stored-products and should be areas that are cleaned thouroughly to prevent insect infestations entering rice milling or rice storage areas.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
McKay, T., A. L. White, L. A. Starkus, F. H. Arthur, and J. F. Campbell. 2017. Seasonal patterns of stored-product insects at a rice mill. Journal of Economic Entomology 110: 1366-1376.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Okeyo, A., G. Olatunde, G. Atungulu, S. Sadaka, and T. McKay. 2017. Infrared drying characteristics of long-grain hybrid, long-grain pureline, and medium-grain rice cultivars. Cereal Chemistry doi:10.1094/CCHEM-07-16-0181-R.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Hampton, R. and T. McKay. The effects of infrared radiation on rice germination. Creat@astate, A Symposium of Research, Scholarship and Creativity, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, April 7, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Starkus, L. P., T. McKay, F. Arthur, and J. Campbell. 2017. Effects of light and temperature on the efficacy of beta-cyfluthrin for control of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in a rice mill. Poster. Southeastern Branch Meeting. Memphis, TN, March 14, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Hampton, R., G. Atungulu, and T. McKay. 2017. Infrared radiation for the purpose of controlling stored product insects and its effect on rice germination. Poster. Southeastern Branch Meeting. Memphis, TN, March 13, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
McKay, T. Stored Product Insect ID. Identification of the insects associated with grain and food processing facilities. Pesticide Safety & Stored Product Pest Control Recertification. Food Protection Services. Brinkley, AR, March 14, 2017.
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:This project will allow rice producers and industry to understand the biology and ecology of various stored-product insects on rice. By knowing the development on various rice milling components, and how these insects interact within the habitat will allow rice mills/rice storage facilities and producers to make better decisions for their integrated pest management programs. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has allowed undergraduate and graduate students at Arkansas State University to acquire research training. They include: graduate students, Brook Hale (graduated, MS degree, Biological Sciences, August 2016), Rachel Hampton (expected to graduate summer 2017), Bradley Rogers (will graduate, MA degree, Biological Sciences, December 2016), undergraduate student, Jodie Reithemeyer BS student (particpated in the summer Bridge 8-week Internship Program, sponsored by the National Science Foundation).This project has also given opportunity for Laura Starkus (Research Technician) to acquire training in various entomological techniques and statistics. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?This project has been discussed at various venues. They include: The Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America (November 2015, Minneapolis, MN), the Rice Technical Working Group (March 2016- Galveston, TX), Create @astate, a student research symposium (April 2016, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR) and the XXV International Congress of Entomology (September 2016- Orlando, FL). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?To determine if forested environments around rice storage bins/facilities allow a refuge for stored-product insects. Traps will be placed in forested habitats around rice milling facilities.Insects pests of stored grains that will be targeted will include lesser grain borer, red flour beetles, indianmeal moths, and warehousebeetles.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objectives accomplished: 1. To examine the development of stored-product insects on various rice milling componentsusing strains collected from rice mills/rice storage facilities in Arkansas. Methods: Four rice fractions were used in this study. Treatments included rough rice, brown rice, white rice and milled broken rice. Approximately 1 g of rice fraction was placed in each plastic vial (18.5 ml). Each vial had a brass mesh lid placed on top of the vial and the top third of the vials were coated with polytetrafluoroethylene to prevent insects from escaping. There were 25 replications for each treatment. Ten- one month old adult Rhyzopertha dominca or Sitophilus zeamais were placed in each vial and allowed seven days to oviposit. After one week, the adults were removed from each vial. Each vial was inspected at two weeks to note the time of first adult emergence. Upon adult emergence, daily observations were made. The number of F1 adults in each vial was counted after seven weeks. Upon completion of the study, all F1 adults were frozen to halt development. All adults were placed in a drying oven and dry weights for each beetle was measured to the nearest mg. Elytral lengths were measuered to the nearest mm using a dissection microscope [Zarbeco, LLC Creative Imaging Solutions (ZC 105A USB 2.0 1.3 Megapixel Camera and Video Toolbox Pro 2.06.3(6A) Randolph, NJ].One way ANOVAs were performed to determine differences in the number of adults emerging from the various fractions. ANOVAs were also used to determine differences in mean weights and mean elytral lengths. For data that did not meet normality, Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. All statistical tests were considered significant at P = 0.05. Results: For R. dominica, there were significant differences in numbers of adults emerging among the rice fractions (K = 52.3, d.f. = 3, P = 0.0001).More adults developed on brown rice (n = 99).Rough rice also had good adult emergence with 71 individuals emerging. White rice and broken rice were not good fractions for development, with only 1 and 2 adults emerging, respectively. Adults emerging from rough rice were alsolarger(average weight = 0.44 mg; average elytral length = 1.92 mm) compared to adults emerging from brown rice (average weight = 0.37 mg; average elytral length = 1.71 mm). Over all, rice processing facilities should focus their insect monitoring for R. dominica in rough rice and brown rice processing areas. For S. zeamais, there were significant differences in numbers of adults emerging among the rice fractions.Similar to R. dominica, more adult S. zeamaisdeveloped on brown rice (n = 151). However, very few adults emerged from rough rice rice (n = 9), white rice (n = 25) and broken rice (n = 11). Adults emerging from brown rice were also larger than adults emerging from the other rice fractions. Over all, monitoring for S. zeamais in brown rice processing areas should be conducted. However, with developmentoccuring on all rice fractions,monitoringfor S. zeamaisshould be in included inintegrated pest management programs throughout rice processingfacilities. 2. To determinethe development of lesser grain borer and other stored-product insects on flora native to habitats in Arkansas. Methods: Three species of stored-product insects (R. dominica, S. zeamais, and T. castaneum)were exposed to three species of native grassess commonly found in Arkansas (Little bluestem, Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium; switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, and Indiangrass, Sorghastrum nutans). The objective of the study was to determine if these grasses could be suitable for development. Treatments for R. dominica and T. castaneum were setup in 18.5 ml vials. Each bial contained 1 g of one grass species. For each treatment, ten - one month old adults were placed in each vial. Sitophilus zeamais treatments were placed in 120 ml mason jars. All treatments were kept in an incubator at 27 °C, in constant darkness for two weeks. The numbers of adults that had died were counted after two weeks. Results: After two weeks, all beetles died. Beetles were not using these species of grasses as food sources. No larvae or eggs were observed inany of thegrasses, indicating these grass species werenot suitable for development. More research should focus onother species of native plants that can be found around rice processing and storage facilites in Arkansas.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hale, B. Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, development on rice fractions and oviposition preference. MS Thesis, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
McKay, T. Integrated pest management in rice mills: Monitoring red flour beetles. The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Minneapolis, MN 17 November 2015.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hampton, R. and T. McKay. Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) development on two rough rice cultivars. Create A-State Symposium 2016 Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 6 April, 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
McKay, T., L. Espino, F. Arthur, J. Campbell, L. T. Wilson, Y. Yang, and Julien Beuzelin. Survey of pest management practices for rice mills in the U.S. Symposium: Stored Product Entomology: Challenges that Transcend Borders. XXV International Congress of Entomology. Orlando, FL, 27 September, 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
McKay, T., L. Starkus, J. Campbell, and F. Arthur. Stored-product insects associated with rice spillage at rice mills. Rice Technical Working Group Meeting, Galveston, TX, 3 March 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Yang, Y., L. Wilson, F. Arthur, T. McKay, J. Campbell, B. Adam, J. Beuzelin, and J. Wang. An integrated web-based grain pest management system for on-farm storage and rice mills. Rice Technical Working Group Meeting, 3 March 2016.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:This project will allow rice producers and industry to understand the biology and ecology of various stored-product insects on rice. By knowing the development on various rice milling components, and how these insects interact within the habitat will allow rice mills/rice storage facilities and producers to make better decisions for their integrated pest management programs. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has allowedundergraduate and graduate students at Arkansas State University to acquire research training.They include: Brook Hale, Rachel Hampton and Bradley Rogers. This project has also given opportunity for Laura Starkus (Research Technician) to acquire training in various entomological techniques and statistics. Cole Harken, an undergraduate student that participated in the National Science Foundation Experiential Learning Fellowship, also received research training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?This project have been discussed at various venues. They include: The Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America (Nov. 2014-Portland, OR), the Joint Meeting of the Kansas Entomological Society and the Arkansas Entomological Society (April 2015-Fayetteville, AR) and four workshops (on integrated pest management in rice mills)that were conducted in East Bernard, TX, Crowley, LA, Jonesboro, AR and Richvale, CA. Over 100 participants attended the workshops (rice mill or drier employees; university extension agents, faculty, staff; rice producers; pest control professionals; agrochemical sales representatives). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1) Determine the developmental rates oflesser grain borers, rice weevils and maize weevils on rough rice, brown rice, milled white rice and milled broken rice and to determine which fraction is best for development. This study will be completed in Spring 2016. 2) Complete the development of lesser grain borer and other stored-product insects on flora native to habitats in Arkansas.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1) To examine the development of stored-product insects on various rice milling components (rough rice, bran, hulls, brown rice, white rice, broken rice, and rice flour) using strains collected from rice mills/rice storage facilities in Arkansas. Red flour beetle development completed in 2014. 2) To determine the development of lesser grain borer and other stored-product insects on flora native to habitats in Arkansas. The lesser grain beetle (LGB),maize weevil (MW)and red flour beetle (RFB)colonies have been established and we are currently conducting this experiment.Lesser grain borers, maize weevils and red flour beetles will be exposed to flora found in Arkansas. Two of the more common species of oak acorns and three of the most common wild grass species seeds will be tested. The oak species include, white oak, Quercus alba L., and post oak, Quercus stellata Wangenh. The grass species includes, Indiangrass, Sorghastrum nutans L., little bluestem, Schizachyrium scoparium Michx. Nash var. Scoparium, and Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L. Seeds were acquired from Wildseed Farms, Fredericksburg, Texas. Acorns werecollected in the fall of 2015 and the acorns and grass seeds will be placed in a freezer at -20oC for three days to kill any bacteria and mold on or inside them. To determine if LGB, RFB and MW can survive on various flora, test samples for each grass and oak species will be conducted. Ten adults from each strain will be placed in a small vial with 2g of each of the grass seeds or four acorns.This test will run for two weeks to observe mortality rates among the various flora.At the same time, a control will be used by placing adults of each speciesand strain in an empty vial with no food.Grass and acorn species that show insect survivability will be used for a full eight week study. For the eight week development study, four acorns and 20g of grass seeds thatshow insect survivability will be placed in separate 120mL jar and filled. The treatments will be placed in an incubator, in constant darkness, with a temperature of 27oC ± 1oC. Ten adults will be placed in the jars and be allowed to remain for eightweeks of the experiment. The jars will be visually observed each week and feeding activity will be observed. Adult emergence of each jar will be counted at the end to test for suitability and determine which seeds and acorns, if any, could be a food source for these insects.Percent survival, frass production and tunneling on seedswill be observed. Seeds will be dissected to determine if any living progeny are still developing inside the kernel.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
!Toko, M. B., L. Starkus, B. Hale, T. McKay. Spatio-temporal distribution of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), in rice mills in northeast Arkansas. The 62th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Portland, OR 17 November 2014
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Hampton, R., B. Hale, L. Starkus, T. McKay, F. Arthur, and J. Campbell. Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) development on rice fractions at varying temperatures. Joint Meeting of the Kansas Entomological Society and Arkansas Entomological Society, Fayetteville, AR, April 3-4, 2015
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Starkus, L., M. Bowombe Toko, R. Hampton, F. Arthur, J. Campbell, and T. McKay. Monitoring of red flour beetles at rice mills. Joint Meeting of the Kansas Entomological Society and Arkansas Entomological Society, Fayetteville, AR, April 3-4, 2015
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Progress 11/22/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The data that will be produced from this project will allow rice producers and industry to understand the biology and ecology of various stored-product insects on rice. By knowing the development on various rice milling components, and how these insects interact within the habitat will allow rice mills/rice storage facilities and producersto make better decisions for theirintegrated pest management programs. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project has allowed a variety of three graduate students from Arkansas State University to aquire research training. They include: Brook Hale, Rachel Hampton and Bradley Rogers. This project also allowed Laura Starkus (Research Technician) training in various entomological techniques and statistics. Undergraduates were also involved and they include: Joesph Shirley, Shelby Chappell. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Although we have just started this project, we have been able to discuss various parts of this project at various venues. They include: The Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America (Nov. 2013-Austin, TX; Nov. 2014-Portland, OR), Food Protection Alliance Fumigation Boot Camp (Jonesboro AR, training for pest manamgement personnel, individuals attending were from various states and Canada), 35th Meeting of the Rice Technical Working Group, New Orleans, LA. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? For the next reporting period, we plan to continue to focus on the development of red flour beetle on various fractions. However, we plan to use a strain of red flour beetle recently collected from a rice facility in northeast Arkansas. We will also start experiments of development on various rice fractions using lesser grain borer, rice weevil and maize weevil. If we are successful in collecting and rearing Indianmeal moths from rice facilities, we will also examine development of these moths on various rice fractions. We also plan to begin Objective 2, examining the development of lesser grain borer and other stored-product insects on flora native to habitats in Arkansas. Initially, the development of stored-product inscets will be examined on various species of oak (acorns).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: To examine the development of stored-product insects on various rice milling components (rough rice, bran, hulls, brown rice, white rice, broken rice and rice flour) using strains collected from rice mills/rice storage facilities in Arkansas. We have currently examined the development of the red flour beetle from a lab reared strain. Red flour beetles developed on all rice fractions, but temperature impacted development. There was no significant difference in percentage of red flour beetle reaching the adult stage of development. Development was slowest at 22ºC; however, development did not differ between the two highest temperatures, 32 and 37ºC. Red flour beetles reared on bran tended to be larger, which suggests that they would have greater fitness. We are currently establishing various strains of insects to conduct similar experiments as mentioned above. Colonies will include: lesser grain borers, red flourbeetles, rice weevils and maize weevils.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Hampton, R., L. Starkus, T. McKay, F. Arthur and J. Campbell. The effects The effects of temperature and rice fractions on red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) development. In: Abstracts, the 62th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Portland, OR 17 November, 2014
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Hale, B. and T. McKay. Biology of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), development on various rice fractions. The 61st Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Austin, TX, 12 November, 2013
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Hampton, R. and T. McKay. Effect of temperature and rice fraction on red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) development. Creat@astate, A Symposium of Research, Scholarship and Creativity, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 10 April, 2014
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
McKay, T. Integrated pest management in rice mills and on-farm storage sites. Food Protection Alliance Fumigation Boot Camp, Jonesboro, AR,7 April 2014
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
McKay, T., B. Adam, F. H. Arthur, J. Beuzelin, J.F., Campbell, T.E. Regan, L. Starkus, L. T. Wilson, and Y. Yang. Integrated pest management programs in rice mills. The 35th Meeting of the Rice Technical Working Group, New Orleans, LA, 20 February 2014
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