Source: MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV submitted to
MISSISSIPPI CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY AND POST-HARVES TECHNOLOGY
Sponsoring Institution
State Agricultural Experiment Station
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1000918
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
MIS-501170
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 19, 2013
Project End Date
Aug 18, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Chang, KO.
Recipient Organization
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV
(N/A)
MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762
Performing Department
Food Science & Technology
Non Technical Summary
Food manufacturing is the number one manufacturing industries in Mississippi. Food safety and post-harvest processing technology are two important factors affecting the success of the industry. Food safety is important to the health of general consumers and the sustainability of the food and agricultural industries. The contamination of pathogenic microorganisms and chemical toxicants to cause food borne outbreaks may occur at the farm or natural habitat levels and throughout the delivery, processing and storage systems of the agricultural raw materials and food products. Mississippi has abundant production of agricultural, aquacultural, and seafood products that include poultry, soybean, catfish, rice, corn, peanut, oyster, shrimp, and horticultural crops such as fruits and vegetables. Advancement in the post-harvest technology is very important for the growth of the food business in Mississippi. The enhancement of the food science and technology for the utilization of the agricultural and food materials in Mississippi is the major focus of this project. New science and technology developed will be disseminated to the users for health protection of the consumers, and economic improvement of the food industry.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
5025010110020%
5024099110020%
5024010115010%
7124099115020%
7125010110020%
7114010110010%
Goals / Objectives
The objectives of this project are to Detect and characterize pathogens and chemical residues in foods that may potentially lead to illness in humans. Develop innovative technologies for preventing the illness that may be caused by pathogens and chemical residues in foods. Characterize food materials and processing technologies for value-added utilization of foods produced in Mississippi.
Project Methods
For Objective 1, pathogens in the raw and cooked food materials such as aquatic foods, and other foods will be studied by examining the physiological and genetic methods published in the literature. Chemical residues, such as inorganic and organic toxicants will be studied using chemical and instrumental methods such as spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. For Objective 2, appropriate technologies of environmental control and post-harvesting processing will be used for eliminating the pathogens and chemical residues in foods. The technologies include, but not limited to, proper sanitation, use of preventive approved chemicals, thermal and non-thermal processing technologies available in the literature. For Objective 3, the physical, chemical and enzymatic characteristics of food materials will be characterized by appropriate methods. New technologies, such as nanotechnology, irradiation, and high pressure processing will be created or adopted from the commercial sources to process the food materials to high quality value-added food products. The quality traits of the raw food materials, processed ingredients and end products will be analyzed to ensure foods produced are safe, tasty and nutritious; and have maximum benefits for enhancing human health, such as in the prevention of obesity, cardiovascular heart disease and cancers. The literature methods for analyzing the characteristics of food quality, sensory, nutrition and health benefits will be used. Experimental design: Details of experimental design will be carried out by the scientists awarded to carry out this project. All analytical and processing treatments will be conducted with appropriate replicates, and will be designed so that the data may be analyzed by appropriate statistical methods including analysis of variance, regression, and correlation. In general, probability of alpha value of 0.05 will be used for determining significance of treatment differences.

Progress 08/19/13 to 08/18/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Catfish production is the most important aquaculture in the United States, and particularly concentrated in Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas and Louisiana. The USDA Census of Aquaculture in 2000 classified 84% of catfish farms as small businesses, with annual sales of less than $500,000. Of the less than 348 catfish farms in the United States, approximately 40% are considered small farms. The total production value of Mississippi agricultural and aquacultural products in 2013 was about 7.5 billion. Mississippi catfish production ranks number one in the nation, and with about 200 million value in 2017-18. According to USDA agricultural statistics of 2014, national catfish production has declined by about 55% since 2003's production peak due to strong foreign competition and high cost of fish feed. In addition, fish diseases are an increasing challenge for production. Under these strenuous conditions, the catfish fillet processing industries still employ many local people and have produced a great impact on the economy of many small rural communities. The quality of catfish, in terms of off-flavor remains a major challenge for marketing fillet. In addition, value-added utilization of by-products, which account for approximately 60% of total fish mass, from fillet processing plant is badly needed for enhancing the total value of catfish. During the last 12 years, other agricultural and horticultural products are increasing overtime with chicken, corn and soybeans being the three largest food crops in Mississippi. The study on the interactions of other food crops with catfish, carp and sea foods also will mutually benefit food safety and quality. For the US catfish growers to compete for the market share, it is important to conduct research for the development of safe, high quality domestic catfish products. We have expanded our research to utilize the invasive carp species, which have outgrown the native fish in the Mississippi river system, and is negatively affecting the ecology of the river. Eliminating carp by making into acceptable foods can provide an important source of nutritious animal proteins for human utilization. In the last year, Dr. Chang, the program Director at the Mississippi State University, had visited several USDA-ARS research centers interested in food safety and visited with several catfish processing industries and a carp company in Mississippi to discuss how ARS-university collaborative research provides science and technology to support the agricultural, aquacultural and seafood industries. Dr. Chang also has visited several regional USDA-ARS centers to seek collaborations with ARS scientists to help achieve the goals of ARS in the Southern and Southeastern US regions. As the results of these visits, almost every subward funded to the researchers has a USDA-ARS collaborator. We have submitted an irradiation proposal in conjunction with USDA-ARS and University of Florida on inactivating norovirus in oysters and fresh fruits and vegetables. In February 2018, Dr. Chang and his group were transferred to the Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory. A pilot processing plant and equipment for post-harvest processing are being set up. Alliances with FDA scientists and Mississippi Department of Marine Resources are in progress to certify Vibrio and fecal coliforms for testing oysters and environmental water. In addition to addressing the needs of the catfish industries, new alliances are being developed with academia, federal agencies and industries in the Gulf region. This research project will advance science which plays an important role in maintaining viable aquaculture and seafood industries in Mississippi and the United States and in assuring safe and high-quality food products to the consumers. In addition, this research will contribute to the post-harvest utilization of the abundant Mississippi agricultural products to produce value-added products to enhance the economy of the overall food and agricultural communities. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provides seed grants to various researchers to help the Project Director to complete the long-term goals and objectives for this project. The project has awarded 60 sub-awards to researchers on a competitive basis. Upon the completion of their studies, the researchers are required to submit a national grant proposal and thus will become more competitive nationally. The scientific expertise to be gained for professional development includes modern technologies in food safety, food microbiology, food processing, food chemistry, cellular and molecular biology. The project provides opportunities for the scientists to partner with the food industries and government to solve food safety and quality problems that are encountered in the food industries. The project also provides an opportunity for educating undergraduate and graduate students, and postdoctoral associates for the food industries. Currently, there are approximately nine students and three post-graduate researchers involved in this project. Two professors supported by this program have received three competitive federal grants for food safety related research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the local, regional, national and international scientific associations through their annual conferences and journal publications. These meetings include the Institute of food technologists, American Chemical Society, American Animal Science Association, Catfish Association, International Association for Food Protection, American Society for Microbiology, United Fresh Vegetable Conference, and International Plant & Animal Genome Conference. The audience include participants from the food industries, academia and government agencies. Several peer-reviewed articles also have been published in scientific journals, which are accessible to the general public. In addition, results also have been provided directly to government agencies such as FDA in area of rapid pathogen detection. Furthermore, competitive funding has been obtained from USDA and NIH based on the findings from this study. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1. Detect and characterize pathogens and chemical residues in foods that may potentially lead to illness in humans. Under Objective 1, significance progress was made to optimize the safety of aquaculture products through innovative processes for reducing microbiological, physical and chemical hazards in seafood/aquaculture products. During catfish processing, residues such as water runoff, muscle protein extract and mucus present on the skin surface may promote the persistence of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes in the processing environment. Salmonella and L. monocytogenes strains were found to be able to grow and form biofilms in the concentration as low as 15 µg/mL of the catfish mucus extract. The growth rate and biofilm formation by these foodborne bacterial pathogens increased with increasing concentration and temperature. No major differences were found among their strains that were tested for their ability to form biofilm in catfish mucus extract. Biofilm production of Salmonella Blockley on buna-N rubber was less than stainless steel, polyethylene and polyurethane surfaces in catfish mucus extract. Disinfectants containing a mixture of quaternary ammonium compound with hydrogen peroxide, or peroxyacetic acid with hydrogen peroxide and octanoic acid were effective at reducing of biofilm cells on the stainless-steel surface to a non-detectable level. The result from this biofilm study is important for future development of intervention methods for controlling pathogens in food processing and storage. Objective 2. Develop innovative technologies for preventing the illness that may be caused by pathogens and chemical residues in foods. Under Objective 2, significant progress was made to understand the mechanisms influencing microbial survival of selected pathogens in seafood/aquaculture products. Progress was made on the detection of protein biomarkers for high-risk Listeria monocytogenes. Total protein from three L. monocytogenes strains Lm-33007, Lm-33014, and Lm-33077 was extracted in three replicates and fractionated by molecular weight. Twelve protein fractions of each replicate were digested with trypsin and resolved using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS). Mass spectra were matched against peptide databases from each respective genome. All spectra that mapped to either of the other two representative lineage strains were removed. Candidate fractions were further screened against all other Lineage I, II and III proteins available on NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database. Six unique proteins from Lineage III (ST33077_2218, ST33077_2323, ST33077_2770, ST33077_1897, ST33077_1926 and ST33077_1129) were cloned and expressed. Expression was optimized, and recombinant proteins were purified using histidine tags. Four were purified (ST33077-1897, ST 33077-2270, ST 33077- 1926 and ST 33077-1129). The identity of the cloned proteins was confirmed via LC-MS analysis. Rabbit polyclonal serum was prepared against these four proteins. Progress was also made towards commercialization of a rapid detection kit for pathogen detection. Various possible formulations were conceptualized based on the original formula described in a patent. A final formula was modified based on the concept of having a commercial kit that could be mailed/shipped to the users and could be used in an easy and reliable manner. The modified formulation now needs to be validated. Objective 3. Characterize food materials and value-added utilization of products produced in Mississippi. Under Objective 3, progress was made on the optimization of the extraction of collagen from catfish skin, which is a by-product from the fillet processing industry. Hydrochloric acid extraction with the addition of a homogenization process at pH 2.4 was found to be able to extract 60% of the skin protein for food and cosmetic uses. Pepsin-aided extraction, which degraded the protein structure of the collagen made the gels was softer than the collagen gels extracted by acetic or HCl extraction. Meanwhile, fish muscle protein has been extracted from silver carp and the quality characteristics of the protein products were characterized with the enhancement of the properties by addition of starches. Six types of starches were tested, and some were found to be more suitable than others for modifying the texture of the carp protein gels. Fish sauce was made from carp bone frames and viscera, and the sensory properties of the fish sauce was compared with the commercial fish sauce. The volatile compounds in wine made from muscadine grapes were determined and the results presented in the national meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. The flavor compounds are unique in muscadine and are not found in commercial table wine made from non-muscadine grape varieties. Black and purple muscadine grapes and wine contained high contents of antioxidants.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Akgul, A., Al-Janabi, N., Das, B., Lawrence, M. L., Karsi, A. 2017. Small molecules targeting LapB protein prevent Listeria attachment to catfish muscle. PloS One 12(12):e0189809, 1-10.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dhowlaghar, N., Abeysundara, P.A., Nannapaneni, R., Schilling, M.W., Chang, S., Cheng, W.H., Sharma, C.S. 2017. Biofilm formation by Salmonella spp. in catfish mucus extract under industrial conditions. Food Microbiology 70:172-180.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lee, J. H., Hou, X., Kummari, E., Borazjani, A, Edelmann, M. J., Ross, M. K. 2017. Edocannabinoid hydrolases in avian HD11 macrophages identified by chemoproteomics: inactivation by small-molecule inhibitors and pathogen-induced downregulation of their activity. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry doi.org/10.1007/s11010-017-3237-0
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Reddy, S., Turaga, G., Abdelhamed, H., Banes, M. M., Wills, R. W., and Lawrence, M. L. 2017. Listeria monocytogenes PdeE, a phosphodiesterase that contributes to virulence and has hydrolytic activity against cyclic mononucleotides and cyclic dinucleotides. Microbial Pathogenesis, 110: 399-408.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Reichley, S. R., Ware, C., Khoo, L. H., Greenway, T. E., Wise, D., J., Bosworth, B. G., Lawrence, M. L., Griffin, M. J. 2017. Comparative susceptibility of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus; and channel (?)� Blue (?) hybrid catfish to Edwardsiella piscicida, Edwardsiella tarda, and Edwardsiella anguillarum. Journal of World Aquaculture Society 49(1): 197-204.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Reichley, S. R., Ware, C., Steadman, J., Gaunt, P. S., Garcia, J. C., LaFrentz, B. R., Thachil, A., Waldbieser, G. C., Stine, C. B., Bujan, N., Arias, C. R., Loch, T., Welch, T., Cipriano, R. C., Greenway, T.E., Khoo, L. H., Wise, D. J., Lawrence, M. L., Griffin, M. J. 2017. Comparative phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Edwardsiella isolates from different hosts and geographic origins, with emphasis on isolates formerly classified as E. tarda, and evaluation of diagnostic methods. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55 (12): 3466-3491.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Abdelhamed, H., Ozdemir, O., Tekedar, H.C., Arick II, M., Hsu, C.Y., Karsi, A., and Lawrence, M.L. 2018. Complete genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Plesiomonas shigelloides strain MS-17-188. Genome Announc. May 2018 6:e00387-18; doi:10.1128/genomeA.00387-18
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Abdelhamed, H., Tekedar, H.C., Ozdemir, O., Hsu, C.Y., Arick II, M., Karsi, A., and Lawrence, M.L. 2018. Complete genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Edwardsiella ictaluri strain MS-17-156. Genome Announc. 6 (22): e00477-18. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00477-1
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dhowlaghar, N., Abeysundara, P.A., Nannapaneni, R., Schilling, M.W., Chang, S., Cheng, W.H., Sharma, C.S. 2018. Growth and biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes in catfish mucus extract on four food contact surfaces at 22 and 10�C and their reduction by commercial disinfectants. Journal of Food Protection 81:59-67.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dhowlaghar, N., Bansal, M., Schilling, M.W., Nannapaneni, R. 2018. Scanning electron microscopy of Salmonella biofilms on various food-contact surfaces in catfish mucus. Food Microbiology 74:143-150.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Griffin, M. L., Reichley, S. R., Baumgartner, S. A., Arattuthodiyil, S., Ware, C., Steadman, J. M., Lewis, M., Gaunt, P.S., Khoo, L. H., Wise, O. J. 2018. Emergence of Edwardsiella piscicida in farmed channel ?, Ictalurus punctatus � Blue ?, Ictalurus furcatus, hybrid catfish cultured in Mississippi. Journal of World Aquaculture Society 49(1):197-204.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Soni, B., Mahmoud, B., Chang, S., El-Gian, E. M., and Hassan, E. B. 2018. Physicochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of chitosan/TEMPO biocomposite packaging films. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. Doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.06.001.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tan, Y. and Chang, S.K.C. 2018. Isolation and characterization of collagen extracted from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skin. Food Chemistry 242: 147-155.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xu, J., Mukherjee, D. and Chang, S. K. C. 2018. Physicochemical properties and storage stability of soybean protein nanoemulsions prepared by ultra-high pressure homogenization. Food Chemistry 240: 1005-1013.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhang, Y., Pechan, T., and Chang, S. K. C. 2018. A comparative study on the yield, phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibition of phenolics extracted from three legumes of different genera. J. of Functional Foods. 42:289-297.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chang, S. K. C. 2018. The biochemistry of soybean for tofu making as affected by cultivars, processing and storage with an emphasis on protein chemistry. Innovations in Food Science and Nutrition. A keynote speech. Rome, Italy. September 13-15, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Abdelhamed, H., Karsi, A., Ozdemir, O., Lawrence, M.L. 2018. Characterization of the gut microbiome of channel catfish following florfenicol treatment. Oral presentation at MCBIOS 15th Annual Meeting. March 29-31, Starkville, Mississippi.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Gomaa, B., Abdelhamed, H., Lu, J., Banes, M. M., Karsi, A., and Lawrence, M. L. 2018. Detection of protein biomarkers for high-risk Listeria monocytogenes. Poster presented at the American Society for Microbiology Microbe Meeting. Atlanta, GA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Meng, S., Li, J. X., Chang, S. K. C., Maleki, S. J., Nannapaneni, R. 2018. Peanut allergen reducing and functional property improvement by means of enzymatic hydrolysis and transglutaminase crosslinking. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Chicago. July 15-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tan, Y. Q., Chang, S. K. C., Bechtel, P. J. 2018. Effect of pH and transglutaminase cross-linking on physicochemical and textural changes in myofibrillar proteins extracted from channel catfish by-products. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Chicago. July 15-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wu, Y., Chang, S., Ma, D., Nannapaneni, R., Mahmoud, B., Bechtel, P. 2018. The reduction of the murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1), in live oyster, salmon fillet, and silver carp surimi during storage at 5? for 20 days. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Chicago. July 15-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wu, Y., Chang, S., Mahmoud, B. 2018. Fish Sauce can be successfully produced from the by-products of silver carp (Hypophthalmichths molitrix). Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Chicago. July 15-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wu, Y., Chang, S., Tan, Y., Zhang, Y., Mahmoud, B., Bechtel, P. 2018. Effects of starches on the textural properties of cooked fish paste gel of wild grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bigmouth bullalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus). Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Chicago. July 15-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhang, Y., Chang, S. K. C., Wu, H. B. 2018. Effects selected hydrocolloids on physicochemical and storage properties of soymilk. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Chicago. July 15-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Stringer, S., Marshall, D., Chang, S. K. C. 2018. Identification and quantification of volatile compounds of muscadine wine. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Chicago. July 15-19.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Catfish production is the most important aquaculture in the United States, and particularly concentrated in Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas and Louisiana. The USDA Census of Aquaculture in 2000 classified 84% of catfish farms as small businesses, with annual sales of less than $500,000. Of the less than 348 catfish farms in the United States, 40% or so are considered small in size. The total production value of Mississippi agricultural and aquacultural products in 2013 was about 7.5 billion. Mississippi catfish production ranks number one in the nation, and with about 200 million value in 2016-17. According to USDA agricultural statistics of 2014, national catfish production has declined by about 55% since 2003's production peak due to strong foreign competition and high cost of fish feed. In addition, fish diseases are an increasing challenge for production. Under these strenuous conditions, the catfish fillet processing industries still employ many local people and have produced a great impact on the economy of many small rural communities. The quality of catfish, in terms of off-flavor remains a major challenge for marketing fillet. In addition, value-added utilization of by-products, which account for approximately 60% of total fish mass, from fillet processing plant is badly needed for enhancing the total value of catfish. During the last ten years, other agricultural and horticultural products are increasing overtime with chicken, corn and soybeans being the three largest food crops in Mississippi. The study on the interactions of other food crops with catfish, carp and sea foods also will mutually benefit food safety and quality. For the US catfish growers to compete for the market share, it is important to conduct research for the development of safe, high quality domestic catfish products. We have expanded our research to utilize the invasive carp species, which have outgrown the native fish in the Mississippi river system, and is negatively affecting the ecology of the river. Eliminating carp by making into acceptable foods can provide an important source of nutritious animal proteins for human utilization. In the last year, Dr. Chang, the program Director at the Mississippi State University, had visited several USDA-ARS research centers interested in food safety and visited with several catfish processing industries and a carp company in Mississippi to discuss how ARS-university collaborative research provides science and technology to support the agricultural, aquacultural and seafood industries. Dr. Chang also has visited several regional USDA-ARS centers to seek collaborations with ARS scientists to help achieve the goals of ARS in the Southern and Southeastern US regions. As the results of these visits, almost every subward funded to the researchers has a USDA-ARS collaborator. The research findings on the mechanisms for pathogen biology, transmissions, and their control by X-ray, coating with antioxidants and other food processing methods have been presented in various scientific meetings, including the 2016-17 annual meetings of the Institute of Food Technologists in Las Vegas, NV. This research project will advance science which plays an important role in maintaining viable aquaculture and seafood industries in Mississippi and the United States and in assuring safe and high-quality food products to the consumers. In addition, this research will contribute to the post-harvest utilization of the abundant Mississippi agricultural products to produce value-added products to enhance the economy of the overall food and agricultural communities. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provides seed grants to various researchers to help the Project Director to complete the long-term goals and objectives for this project. The project has awarded 55 sub-awards to researchers on a competitive basis. Upon the completion of their studies, the researchers are required to submit a national grant proposal and thus will become more competitive nationally. The scientific expertise to be gained for professional development includes modern technologies in food safety, food microbiology, food processing, food chemistry, cellular and molecular biology. The project provides opportunities for the scientists to partner with the food industries and government to solve food safety and quality problems that are encountered in the food industries. The project also provides an opportunity for educating undergraduate and graduate students, and postdoctoral associates for the food industries. Currently, there are approximately nine students and three post-graduate researchers involved in this project. Two professors supported by this program, one in the Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion Department and the other in the college of Veterinary Medicine have received three competitive federal grants for food safety related research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the local, regional, national and international scientific associations through their annual conferences. These meetings include the Institute of food technologists, American Chemical Society, American Dairy Science Association, American Animal Science Association, Catfish Association, International Association for Food Protection, American Society for Microbiology, United Fresh Vegetable Conference, and International Plant & Animal Genome Conference. The audience include participants from the food industries, academia and government agencies. Several peer-reviewed articles also have been published in scientific journals, which are accessible to the general public. In addition, results also have been provided directly to government agencies such as FDA in area of rapid pathogen detection. Furthermore, competitive funding has been obtained from USDA and NIH based on the findings from this study. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to carry out our experiments according to our objectives and research plans for all subprojects. Four new sub-projects were awarded during the year of 2017. Data will be collected and analyzed by statistical methods, and manuscripts will be prepared for presentation and publication. Efforts will be made to submit external grant proposals to the food industries and nationally competitive grant programs to grow our programs for enhancing food safety and postharvest processing and preservation technology.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1. Detect and characterize pathogens and chemical residues in foods that may potentially lead to illness in humans. Under Objective 1, significant progress was made to understand the mechanisms influencing microbial survival of selected pathogens in seafood/aquaculture products. Progress has been made to identify the molecular differences between virulent (high-risk) and non-virulent (low-risk) pathogens. Novel detection methods were invented to detect pathogens in a rapid and less costly manner. The specific genetic factors, which were related to pathogen's adhesive ability to attach on the surface of the equipment of food processing, were identified. Progress was made to develop the methods for detection of toxins that could be present in catfish under certain environmental conditions. Progress was made on the development of chemical polymers from agricultural waste (fiber from cotton stalk) and seafood waste (chitin from shrimp shells) to reduce pathogens and heavy metals in fish ponds. In addition to pathogens, chemical residues such as heavy metals in rice and rice bran were characterized. Rice bran was found to contain a very high level of arsenic. Allergens in peanuts were found to vary in different varieties of peanuts. Ara h2, the most allergenic peanut protein, was characterized in various peanut germplasms, and low Ara h2 varieties were identified. Objective 2. Develop innovative technologies for preventing the illness that may be caused by pathogens and chemical residues in foods. Under Objective 2, significance progress was made to optimize the safety of aquaculture products through innovative processes for reducing microbiological, physical and chemical hazards in seafood/aquaculture products. X-ray irradiation was used successfully to reduce bacterial pathogens and norovirus in oysters and seafood, such finfish products used in sushi products, and in selected freshly cut fruits. Various sanitation methods by using acids, alkali, low-temperature and oxidative agents were developed to reduce pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria. Progress was made on the understanding of the development of cross-resistance of the sub-lethal concentrations of the sanitation agents, and the use of antibiotics. This is important for future development of intervention methods for controlling pathogens in during food processing and storage. Methods for reducing arsenic in rice and rice brans by using various washing and chelating agents are being studied. Preliminary results show effectiveness of several treatments. Various processing methods were test to determine the effect on peanut allergens. Preliminary results showed that roasting is the most effective. Kinetic analysis method is being used to determine the reaction constants of processing. Objective 3. Characterize food materials and value-added utilization of products produced in Mississippi. Under Objective 3, through the collaboration with the USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, progress was made on the extraction of useful proteins for making useful products from catfish by-products (such as heads, frames and skin) after filleting and from the invasive species of carps (silver carp) and the quality characteristics of the protein products were characterized. In this year, we developed an effective method for extracting collagen from catfish skin waste, and published a journal article in this this research. Fish collagen can be applied in foods and cosmetic industries. Invasive carps are undesirable for the ecology of the Mississippi River and its tributary water. Utilization of the carp meat as a food protein source for surimi products will contribute to the elimination of carps from the river. Researchers in the Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion and Coastal Research and Extension Center showed that the surimi made from carp meat was very firm. Additions of different types of starch were able to reduce the firmness making the gel more palatable and whiter. The cooking loss of surimi gel containing 6% starch was significantly lower than the control without adding starch when modified starches were applied. Fish sauce was successfully produced from the frame and offal of silver carp by fermentation. The research provides technology for further improvement of the quality of food made from carp, and will allow the food industry to adopt the technology for productive use of this invasive species. A revised proposal to enhance extraction of fish protein was submitted for consideration by NIFA competitive research program

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lee, Y., and Wang. C. (2017). Morphological change and decreasing transfer rate of biofilm-featured Listeria monocytogenes EGDe. Journal of Food Protection. 80(3): 368-375. 2017, doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-226.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mukherjee, D. and Chang, S. K. C. Zhang, Y. Mukherjee, S. 2017. Effects of ultra-high pressure homogenization and hydrocolloids on physico-chemical and storage properties of soymilk. J. Food Science 82(10): 2313-2320.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Reichley, S. R., Waldbieser, G. C., Soto, E, Lawrence, M. L., and Griffin, M. J. (2017). Complete genome sequence of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolate RUSVM-1 recovered from nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Western Hemisphere. Genome Announcements. In press. April 2017.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Tan, Y., Zhang, Y., and Chang, S. (2017). Comparison of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and lipase inhibition activity of the phenolic substances in two black legumes of different genera. Food Chemistry. 214, 259-268.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Tan, Y. Q. and Chang, S. K. C. 2017. Digestive enzyme inhibition activity of the phenolic substances in selected fruits, vegetables and tea as compared to black legumes. J. Functional Foods 38 (B): 644-655.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wu, Y., Chang, S., Nannapaneni, R., Zhang, Y., Coker, R., & Mahmoud, B. S. 2017. The effects of X-ray treatments on bioaccumulated murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1)and survivability, inherent microbiota, color, and firmness of Atlantic oysters (Crassostrea virginica) during storage at 5� C for 20 days. Food Control. 73B:1189-1194.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, Y., Chang, S. K. C., Stringers, S. Zhang, Y. 2017. Characterization of titratable acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities of wines made from eight Mississippi-grown muscadine varieties during fermentation. LWT-Food Science and Technology 86:302-311.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chang, S. K. C., Gillen, A., Chen, P. Y. and Zhang, B., Meng, S., and Tan, Y. Q. 2017. Enhancing protein composition in soybeans for improving tofu quality using a3 subunit as a marker. Annual Conference of the National Association of Plant Breeders. University of California-Davis. Aug 7-10, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Meng, S., Li, J.X., Chung, S-Y., Chang, S. K. C., Chang, C-I. 2017. Quantitative and kinetic analyses of peanut allergens as affected by food processing. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Las Vegas. June 25-28.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, Y., Chang, S. K. C., Tan Y. Q. 2017. Effects of chemical extraction and in vitro digestion on phenolic acid profiles derived from three phenolic-rich legume varieties. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Las Vegas. June 25-28.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Handa, C. L., Zhang, Y., Chang, S. K., Kumari, S., Ida, E. I. 2017. ACE-inhibitory activity of digested soy-products using different extract solvents. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Las Vegas. June 25-28.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mukherjee, D., Zhang, Y., Handa, C. L., Zhang, Y., Chang, S. K. C., Stringers, S. 2017. Comparison of ethanol and volatile flavor compounds derived from laboratory-prepared and commercial wines using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Las Vegas. June 25-28.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Yang, Y, Chang, S. K. C., Meng, S., Zhang, Y. 2017. Analysis of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and Bowman-Birk inhibitor in ninety-three soybean varieties. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Las Vegas. June 25-28.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, Y., Mukherjee, D., Handa, C. L., Zhang, Y., Chang, S. K. C., Stringers, S. 2017. Changes in the volatile compounds of muscadine wines during fermentation. Annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. Las Vegas. June 25-28.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Akgul, A., Al-Janabi, N., Abdelhamed, H., Lawrence, M., Karsi, A. (2017, June). Expression analysis of Listeria monocytogenes in response to catfish fillet attachment. American Society for Microbiology ASM Microbe 2017 Meeting, New Orleans, LA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Allred, S., Shao, W., Schilling, M.W., and Allen, P.J. (2017, February). Assessing red discoloration in catfish fillets. Oral presentation at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Mississippi and Alabama Chapters of the American Fisheries Society, Biloxi, MS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bansal, M., Sharma, C. S., Nannapaneni, R. (2017, July). Changes in zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in Listeria monocytogenes strains after exposure to chlorine induced sublethal oxidative stress. Annual Meeting of the International Association for Food Protection, Tampa, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Griffin, M. J. (2017, April). Misclassifications: limitations of 16S sequencing and misplaced reliance on public nucleotide databases. 42nd Eastern Fish Health Workshop, East Lansing, MI.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Franks, K., Harper, A., and Ma, D. (2017, April) Identification of Aspergillus flavus microRNA-like RNAs differentially expressed in maize lines with different levels of resistance/susceptibility to aflatoxin accumulation. Poster presentation at undergraduate student research symposium, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lee, Y. J., and Wang, C. (2017, June). Thermo-effect on the biofilm dispersion of Listeria monocytogenes EGDe. Poster presented at the General Meeting of American Society for Microbiology, New Orleans, LA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wu, Y., Chang, S., Gao, H., Liu, Y.-L., Mahmoud, B. S. M., and Bechtel, P. J. (2017, March). Full utilization of wild Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by production of high quality surimi, fish sauce and dried fish floss. Poster presented at the Commodity Advisory Council, Biloxi, MS.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience reached includes food scientists, microbiologists, quality control and assurance personnel and technologists in the academia, food, agricultural and diagnosis industries, aquatic food growers, catfish growers, meat and poultry associations, food safety and quality improvement researchers in the USDA-ARS, FDA and NOAA research centers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provides seed grants to various researchers to help the Project Director to complete the long-term goals and objectives for this project. The project has awarded a total of 50 sub-awards to researchers on a competitive basis. Upon the completion of their studies, the researchers are required to submit a national grant proposal and thus will become more competitive nationally. The scientific expertise to be gained for professional development includes modern technologies in food safety, food microbiology, food processing, food chemistry, cellular and molecular biology. The project provides opportunities for the scientists to partner with the food industries and government to solve food safety and quality problems that are encountered in the food industries. The project also provides an opportunity for educating undergraduate and graduate students, and postdoctoral associates for the food industries. Currently, there are approximately nine students and three post-graduate researchers involved in this project. Two professors supported by this program, one in the Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion Department and the other in the college of Veterinary Medicine have received three competitive federal grants for food safety related research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the local, regional, national and international scientific associations through their annual conferences. These meetings include the Institute of food technologists, American Chemical Society, American Dairy Science Association, American Animal Science Association, Catfish Association, International Association for Food Protection, American Society for Microbiology, United Fresh Vegetable Conference, and International Plant & Animal Genome Conference. The audience include participants from the food industries, academia and government agencies. Several peer-reviewed articles also have been published in scientific journals, which are accessible to the general public. In addition, results also have been provided directly to government agencies such as FDA in area of rapid pathogen detection. Furthermore, competitive funding has been obtained from USDA and NIH based on the findings from this study. A research conference was held in May of 2016 to showcase our progress to attendants including graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, faculty and USDA-ARS scientists from research centers in the three state region. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to carry out our experiments according to our objectives and research plans for all sub-projects. Sixteen subawards were approved in 2015-16. Data will be collected and analyzed by statistical methods, and manuscripts will be prepared for presentation and publication. Efforts will be continued to submit external grant proposals to the food industries and nationally competitive grant programs to grow our programs for enhancing food safety and post-harvest processing and preservation technology.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? For Objective 1. Detect and characterize pathogens and chemical residues in foods that may potentially lead to illness in humans. In the work to study the molecular mechanisms that differentiate the virulence of pathogen, a specific gene fragment and transporter expression were found to be critical for allowing Listeria monocytogenes to adapt to either growth in host macrophages or harsh environmental conditions. A competitive proposal was submitted to NIH and has received favorable comments and will be submitted again in 2016. In the work on targeting the Endocannabinoid System to Enhance Immunity, at least 8 different serine hydrolases were detected and identified. These enzymes can catabolize endocannabinoids by catalyzing their hydrolysis and, thus, can regulate their levels in cells. A small-molecule inhibitor was found to selectively inhibit hydrolase activities in intact cells. Inactivating the metabolism of endocannabinoids with small molecules could also augment the phagocytic activity of immunity-macrophages. In the work on the understanding of biofilm formation and transferability of Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of food and processing equipment. The results showed concrete biofilms had more transfer than static biofilm type after multiple slicing of meat, but the bacteria once transferred had similar growth rate on the contaminated meat. This study shows periodic samplings (taking swaps on the slicer machine) for Listeria testing in addition to proper cleaning according to GMP practices are important. The food industry should use removable slicing blades or parts that are steamed periodically to kill Listeria and other pathogens. For Objective 2. Develop innovative technologies for preventing the illness that may be caused by pathogens and chemical residues in foods. In our work to eliminate norovirus infection on seafoods, the results showed D-values of 1.1, 1.8, 2.0, and 2.4 kGy for half-shell oyster, salmon sushi, tuna salad, and whole shell oyster, respectively. X-ray power of 5 kGy reduced virus by about 2.5 log magnitude in tuna salad and reduced virus to less than 100 PFU (plague forming unit) per gram in oyster and salmon samples. No significant effect of X-ray on color and firmness of oyster was found. In the work on value-added utilization of the invasive carp species for nutritional protein products. The results showed that carp meat without skin and dark meat made whiter color surimi gels. Carp surimi gels had a firm texture as compared to commercial surimi products made from Alaska Pollock showing useful functional properties of carp proteins. In our work to utilize catfish by-product from the fillet processing industries. The results showed that by-products contained more than 50% of the total fish mass. The by-product has little value and is considered as processing waste. The protein obtained has gelling capacity by affected by the methods of extraction. Meanwhile, the color of the protein is also affected by method of extraction. The research is being continued. A national competitive grant proposal was submitted to USDA-NIFA for consideration. The review was favorable and in the medium funding priority. A revised proposal, including more engineering elements for enhancing safety and quality, will be submitted again in 2016 for consideration. From the study of physiologically resistant non-wetting biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes in catfish processing environments which survive commonly used cleaners/sanitizers. MSU researchers have established the growth and biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes in high and low concentrations of catfish mucus extract. The findings show that Listeria monocytogenes can survive for a longer period if catfish mucus is present on the food contact processing surfaces. The growth rate and biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes strains increased with increasing concentrations of catfish mucus on different catfish processing surfaces tested at 22°C or 10°C. Buna rubber had significantly lower biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes HCC23 cells compared to stainless steel, polyethylene and polyurethane surfaces at 22°C or 10°C for 7 days. A research proposal on studying the antibiotic resistance of pathogens was funded by the USDA-NIFA competitive grant program as a result of this project. For Objective 3. Characterize food materials and value-added utilization of products produced in Mississippi In the work to utilize seafood waste (from shell of shrimp) for making value-added antimicrobial packaging materials, four types of cellulose nanofibers, prepared by bleaching, acid hydrolysis and oxidation process had different physical structures. A specific packaging film produced by oxidation had the best nanostructure with 3 to 15 nm (nano meters) in width. The chitosan-cellulose complex films reduced oxygen permeation and had good thermal properties and antimicrobial activity. In the work on study of screening of peanut allergens and selection of lowest allergen variety for processing to further reduce allergens in the final food products, the results showed 11 lines had lower allergens than others. The thermal resistant activities are being tested by food processing. The food processing effect on allergen and food quality will be further studied. The biotechnologies learned from this study can be applied to catfish allergens identification in the future. Fish is one of the big eight group of food sources of allergens. In the study of mycotoxin-producing fungi resistant corn, approximately one µg (micrograms) small RNAs has been isolated from 100 mg of maize kernels. The isolated small RNAs will be used for construction of miRNA libraries with Multiplex Small RNA Library Prep Set for next generation sequencing. Mycotoxin in the feed for catfish might be accumulated in the fish tissues to pose potential food safety issue. It is unknown if mycotoxin would kill catfish after ingestion. However, mycotoxin is very toxic to pigs. Further research is needed.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Haque, Z. Z.; Yan, J., 2015. Stabilization of edible nano-globular dispersions with varying dispersed phase hydrophobicities. The Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists Chicago, IL. July 11-14, 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Haque, Zahur Z.; Saddam, A. C. and Zhang, X. 2015. Efficacy of highly antioxidative aqueous extract of olive leave as cargo in nano-vesicular emulsion systems. In 2015 Western Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Marcos, CA, November 5-8.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Handa, C. L., Zhang, Y., Kumari, S., Ida, E.I., and Chang, S. K. 2016. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity in various soybean products as affected by processing methods. Presented in 2016 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 16-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, Y., and Chang, S. K. C. 2016. Identification and quantification of individual phenolic acids and aldehydes in three phenolic-rich food legume varieties as affected by thermal processing. Presented in 2016 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 16-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, Y., and Chang, S. K. C. 2016. Effect of processing, purification and fractionation of phenolic substances in three phenolic-rich legumes on their antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity. Presented in 2016 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 16-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chang, S. K. C., Zhang, Y., Stringer, S. J. 2016. Phenolic substances and antioxidant properties of wine made from eight varieties of muscadine grapes. Presented in 2016 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 16-19.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Nettles, C. B., Hu, J., and Zhang, D. 2015. Using water Raman intensity to determine the effective excitation and emission path lengths of fluorophotometers for correcting fluorescence inner filter effect. Analytical Chemistry 87:4917-4924.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wu, Y. W., Chang, S., Nannapaneni, R., Haque, Z., Coker, R., and Mahmoud, B. S. M. 2016. The efficiency of X-ray doses on murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) in pure culture and half shell oyster. Presented in 2016 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 16-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chang, S. K. C., Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., and Zhang, Y. 2016. Effects of ultra-high Pressure homogenization and hydrocolloids on physico-chemical and storage properties of soymilk. Presented in 2016 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 16-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Xu, J., and Chang, S. K,C. 2016. Generation of soybean protein-based monodispersed nanoemulsions using ultra-high pressure homogenization. Presented in 2016 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 16-19.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Abdelhamed, H., Lawrence, M.L., & Karsi, A. (2015, June). A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of ispG and ispH mutants on Listeria monocytogenes. Presented at the 115th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, New Orleans, LA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Allen, P.J., Ciaramella, M., Schilling, M.W., Bosworth, B., Kim, T., Suman, S., Peterman, M. and Avery, J. (2016, May). Enhancing product quality in catfish fillets: understanding and reducing the incidence of red fillet. Annual Conference of Mississippi Center for Food Safety and Post-Harvest Technology, Mississippi State University, MS
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Arnold, J., Pechanova, O., Pechan, T. (2016, June). Mass spectrometry based method to detect the BONT/E in catfish specimen. Annual meeting of American Society for Mass Spectrometry, June 5  9, 2016, San Antonio, TX.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dhowlaghar, N., De Abrew Abeysundara, P., and Nannapaneni, R. (2016, July). Growth and biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes in high and low concentrations of catfish mucus extract. Presented at the IFT 2016 Annual Meeting, July 16-19, 2016, Chicago, IL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Liu, Y., Kolli, U., Balaji H., Chang, S., and Li, J. (2016, February). Quantitative analysis of major allergens in peanut varieties grown in Mississippi. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of Mississippi Academy of Sciences, Hattiesburg, MS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ma, D. (2016, May). Expression analysis of Aspergillus flavus miRNA like RNAs in aflatoxin resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines. Oral presentation at the 2016 FSI Conference, Mississippi State, MS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pechan, T. and Gaunt, P. (2016, May). Implementation of recently developed method to detect Botulinum toxin in catfish. 2016 Annual Conference of Mississippi Center for Food Safety and Post-Harvest Technology, Mississippi State University, MS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wu, Y. Chang, S., Nannapaneni, R., Haque, Z., Coker, R., and Mahmoud, B. (2016, July-August). Effects of X-ray irradiation on murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) in salmon sushi. Presentation at IAFP Annual Meeting. St. Louis, Missouri.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wu, Y. W., Chang, S., Nannapaneni, R., Haque, Z., Coker, R., and Mahmoud, B. S. M. 2016. The efficacy of X-Ray doses on murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) in pure culture and half-shell oysters. Presented in 2016 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 16-19.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Nho, S. W., Abdelhamed, H., Reddy, S., Karsi, A., and Lawrence, M.L. (2015). Identification of high-risk Listeria monocytogenes serotypes in lineage I (serotype 1/2a, 1/2c, 3a, and 3c) using multiplex PCR. Journal of Applied Microbiology 119(3):845-52.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Nettles, C., and Zhang, D. 2015. A generalized model on the effects of nanoparticles on fluorophore fluorescence in solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 119: 7941-7948.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Perera G.S., Nettles, C. B., Zhou, Y., Hollis, T. K., and Zhang D. 2015. Direct observation of ion pairing at the liquid/solid interfaces by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Langmuir 31: 8998-9005.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Reddy, S., Akgul, A., Karsi, A., Abdelhamed, H., Wills, R.W., and Lawrence, M.L. 2015. The role of Listeria monocytogenes cell-wall surface anchor protein LapB in virulence, adherence, and intracellular replication. Microbial Pathogenesis 92:19-25.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Soni, B., Hassan, E., Mahmoud, B. 2015. Chemical isolation and characterization of different cellulose nanofibers from cotton stalks. Carbohydrate Polymers 134:581-589
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhang, T., Bae, D. and Wang, C. 2015. Listeriolysin O mediates cytotoxicity against human brain microvascular endothelial cells. FEMS Microbiol. 362 (12). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnv084
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhang, X. and Haque, Z. Z. 2015. Generation and stabilization of whey based monodispersed nanoemulsions using ultra-high pressure homogenization and small amphipathic co-emulsifier combinations. J. Agric. Food Chem. 63: 10070-10077.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Fan, Y.C., Wang, C. L., Wang, C., Chen, T. C., Chou, C. H., Tsai, H. J. 2016. Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens in pre-market broilers in Taiwan. Avian Diseases. (doi: 10.1637/11315-110915-Reg.1)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Gadogbe, M., Zhou Y., Zou S. and Zhang, D. 2016. Rigid single carbon-carbon bond that doesnt rotate in water. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 120: 2418-2422.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kumari, S., and Chang, S.K.C. 2016. Effect of Cooking on Isoflavones, Phenolic acids and antioxidant activity in sprouts of Prosoy soybean (Glycine max). J. Food Sci. 81(7):C1679-1691.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Mahmoud, B., Nannapaneni, R., Chang, S., Coker, R. 2016. Effect of X-ray treatments on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica and inherent microbiota on whole mangoes. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 62:138-144.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Mahmoud B. S. M., Nannapaneni, R., Chang, S., Wu, Y. W., and Coker, R. 2016. Improving the safety and quality of raw tuna fillets by X-ray irradiation. Food Control. 60:569-574.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Meng, S., Chang, S. K. C., Gillen, A. M., Zhang, Y. 2016. Protein and quality analyses of accessions from the USDA soybean germplasm collection for tofu production. Food Chem. 213:31-39.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Soni, B., Hassan, E., Schilling, W., Mahmoud, B. 2016. Transparent bionanocomposite films based on chitosan and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties. Carbohydrate Polymers 151:779-789.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Tan, Y.Y., Chang, K.C., Zhang, Y. 2016. Innovative soaking and grinding methods and cooking affect the retention of isoflavones, antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties in soymilk prepared from black soybean. J. Food Sci. 81(4):H1016-1023.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, C. L., Fan, Y. C., Wang, C., Tsai, H. J., and Chou, C. H. 2016. The impact of Salmonella enteritidis on lipid accumulation in chicken hepatocytes. Avian Pathol. 9:1-38.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wu, Y., Chang, S., Nannapaneni, R., Coker, R., Haque, Z., & Mahmoud, B. S. 2016. The efficacy of X-ray doses on murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) in pure culture, half-shell oyster, salmon sushi, and tuna salad. Food Control 64:77-80.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, T., Bae, D., and Wang, C. 2015. Listeriolysin O mediates cytotoxicity against human brain microvascular endothelial cells. FEMS Microbiol. 362(12). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnv084
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, T., Bae, D., and Wang, C. 2016. LMOh7858_0369, a gene encoding a putative leucine-rich repeat-containing protein, is required for virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 363(9). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw060
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, T., Bae, D. and Wang, C. 2016. AlkD affects flagella motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and stress response in Listeria monocytogenes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Accepted manuscript posted online 17 June 2016, doi:10.1128/AEM.00719-16
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang Y. and Chang, K.C. 2016. Isoflavone profiles and kinetic changes during ultra-high temperature processing of soymilk. J. Food Sci. 81(3):C593-599.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Abdelhamed, H., Lawrence, M.L., and Karsi, A. (2015, June). A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of ispG and ispH mutants on Listeria monocytogenes. Presented at the 115th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, New Orleans, LA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Haque, Zahur Z. and Mukherjee, D. 2015. Efficacy of ultra-high pressurized cheddar whey in a chitosan containing edible coating to reduce oxidative degradation of catfish fillet. In 2015 Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists, Chicago, IL. July 11-14, 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Haque, Zahur Z. and Mukherjee, D. 2015. Efficacy of cheddar whey combined with chitosan in edible coatings to reduce protein-fat oxidation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in retail-cut catfish fillet. In 2015 Joint Annual meeting of the American Dairy Science Association-American Society of Animal Science, ADSA: Orlando, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Haque, Zahur Z. and Zhang, X., 2015. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity of chymotryptic digests of casein. In The 2015 Joint Annual meeting of the American Dairy Science Association-American Society of Animal Science, [ADSA-ASAS], Orlando, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Haque, Zahur Z. and Zhang, X. 2015. Antioxidative potential of chymotryptic digests of alpha-casein. The Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists Chicago, IL. July 11-14, 2015.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Abdelhamed, H., Lawrence, M.L., and Karsi, A. 2015. A novel suicide plasmid for efficient gene mutation in Listeria monocytogenes. Plasmid 81:1-8.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Mukherjee, D. and Haque, Z. Z. 2015. Efficacy of sweet whey containing final dips in reducing protein oxidation in retail-cut cubed beefsteak. Annals. Food Sci. and Technol. 16:85-89.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Mukherjee, D. and Haque, Z. Z. 2015. Antioxidant activity and persistence of cottonseed protein and oil from two cultivars as determined by their ability to scavenge peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals. J. Agric. and Life Sci. 2:2375-4214.


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience reached includes food scientists, microbiologists, quality control and assurance personnel and technologists in the academia, food, agricultural and diagnosis industries, aquatic food growers, catfish growers, meat associations, food safety and quality improvement researchers in the USDA-ARS, FDA and NOAA research centers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provides seed grants to various researchers to help the Project Director to complete the long-term goals and objectives for this project. The project has awarded 30 subawards to researchers on a competitive basis. Upon the completion of their studies, the researchers are required to submit a national grant proposal and thus will become more competitive nationally. The scientific expertise to be gained for professional development includes modern technologies in food safety, food microbiology, food processing, food chemistry, cellular and molecular biology. The project provides opportunities for the scientists to partner with the food industries and government to solve food safety and quality problems that are encountered in the food industries. The project also provides an opportunity for educating undergraduate and graduate students, and postdoctoral associates for the food industries. Currently, there are approximately twelve students and five post-graduate researchers involved in this project. One student, who reported the findings on the effect of environment on catfish color and fish quality, won the first place award in the agricultural and life science section during the annual MSU Graduate Research Symposium competition. Twoprofessors havereceived competitive federal grants based on the findings from this program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the local, regional, national and international scientific associations through their annual conferences. These meetings include the Institute of food technologists, American Chemical Society, American Dairy Science Association, American Animal Science Association, Catfish Association, International Association for Food Protection, American Society for Microbiology, United Fresh Vegetable Conference, and International Plant & Animal Genome Conference. The audience include participants from the food industries, academia and government agencies. Several peer-reviewed articles also have been published in scientific journals, which are accessible to the general public. In addition, results also have been provided directly to government agencies such as FDA in area of rapid pathogen detection. Furthermore, competitive funding has been obtained from USDA and NIH based on the findings from this study. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to carry out our experiments according to our objectives and research plans for all subprojects. Data will be collected and analyzed by statistical methods, and manuscripts will be prepared for presentation and publication. Efforts will be made to submit external grant proposals to the food industries and nationally competitive grant programs to grow our programs for enhancing food safety and postharvest processing and preservation technology. Some examples of specific plans include the continuation of the following subprojects. 1. Detection and characterization of chemical residues in selected crops, livestock, and aquatic foods produced in Mississippi. 2. Delivery of flavors, health-promoting ingredients and antibacterials using nanotechnology. 3. Development of antimicrobial packaging films from agricultural and seafood wastes. 4. Validation of vibrio parahaemotyticus detection in raw and processed aquacultural food products. 5. Quantification of high risk and low-risk Listeria monocytogenes serotypes on catfish products. 6. Detection and quantification of gossypol and insecticides in cotton seeds and oil products. 7. Effect of x-ray irradiation on Norovirus and protein and lipid oxidation in oyster, meat, tuna and salmon products. 8. Investigation on physiologically resistant non-wetting biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes in catfish processing environments which survive commonly used cleaners and sanitizers. 9. Targeting the endocannainoid system to enhance immunity of animal (poultry, swine, catfish and cattle). 10. Biofilm formation and transferability of Listeria on the surfaces of food and processing equipment (catfish and chicken). 11. Nanoengineering biologically-active surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic tags for ultrasensitive pathogen detection. 12. Phytochemical characterization and value-added utilization of plant food crops, including but not limited to soybean, and muscadine and persimmon fruits produced in Mississippi. 13. Value-added utilization of catfish processing by-products. 15. Reduction of peanut allergens by screening for low allergen variety and food processing.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: Vibrio vulnificus is the deadliest pathogen in the consumption of raw oysters grown in warm estuarine waters. Pocket size rapid detection kits for detecting Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been developed and is being validated and a patent application is pending for this technology. Using gold nanoparticles for pathogen detection, MSU researchers have found that the nanoparticle (NP) localized surface plasmonic resonance is a reliable predictor of the optimal NP aggregation states for the SERS acquisitions. It also has been found that the structure of the backfilled organothiols have tremendous impact on the biological activities of the protein molecules immobilized onto the AuNP surfaces. MSU have identified three primers which were effective in distinguishing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c, 3a, and 3c but not 4b, 4d and 4e Listeria pathogens that may contaminate channel catfish and other sea foods. MALDI-TOF was therefore used for intraspecies differentiation of Listeria strains and may be able to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers that distinguish high-risk L. monocytogenes serotypes from low-risk serotypes. Researchers at MSU have successfully constructed an adlp mutant by deleting an adlp encoding for alkylbase DNA glycosylase-like protein. The deletion of adlp L. monocytogenes enhanced the flagellar motility and decreased biofilm formation. The adlp mutant strain also impaired the virulence in mice. The proteome from catfish infected or not infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri was determined and results showed protein patterns revealed several important differences between infected and non-infected animals. With the assistance of Dr. Geoff Waldbieser at the USDA-ARS Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, the genomes of E. tarda (FL95-01), E. piscicida (S11-285), E. piscicida-like sp. (syn. E. anguillarum; LADL 05-105) and E. hoshinae (ATCC 35051) have been sequenced, cloned, annotated and are ready for release. Researchers have identified that E. piscicida is much more virulent to channel catfish than either E. tarda or E. piscicida. Objective 2:Researchers have identified a murine norovirus (strain MNV-1), which can be propagated in vitro. Classified as a genogroup V virus, MNV-1 has more biochemical, pathological, genetic, and morphological similarities to human noroviruses than other surrogates. Currently, FDA approves doses of up to 5.5 kGy to control food-borne bacterial pathogens in seafood. However, whether this dose range effectively inactivates food-borne viruses is not reported yet and is being investigated at MSU by using X-ray doses (1.0 to 5.0 kGy) to inactivate MNV-1. Persistence, adherence, and survival of acid-, alkali-, heat-, oxidative-, and salt-stress adapted cells of high-risk Listeria monocytogenes serotypes under normal catfish processing conditions and their prevention/destruction were researched at the Mississippi State University. Researchers have identified a high diversity of heat tolerance within strains of L. monocytogenes serotypes. Differences in survival of heat stress adapted cells of L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a in various disinfectants/sanitizers and essential oils was examined. The survival of heat stress adapted cells of L. monocytogenes was decreased by 2.2 - 2.7 logs in lethal acid, alkali, chlorine and quaternary ammonium compounds. However, the survival of heat stress adapted cells of L. monocytogenes cells was increased by 3.5 - 4.0 logs in two essential oils, carvacrol and bay oil. This research is important for developing improved HACCP practice in the future. Objective 3:Various edible proteins have been used to stabilize nanoemulsions. Stable mono-dispersed nano-vesicular emulsion carrier systems are being generated in the desired nano-scale (<100 nm). The stable nanoemulsion system will provide a system for carrying bioactive ingredients for fish processing. More characterizations of muscadine grape grown by USDA-ARS scientist Dr. Steve Stringers at the Cochran Fruit Research Center in Mississippi were analyzed for juice quality and health promotion components. Results consistently showed that black varieties had the highest phenolic substances. Food-grade soybeans grown by USDA-ARS scientist Dr. Anne Gillen in Stoneville were analyzed for protein quality for making foods. Results showed some varieties have potential to be utilized for foods. In addition, research found trypsin inhibitors in soybean protein whey may be used to maintain catfish fish protein integrity for making surimi products. In addition to the above described collaborations with USDA-ARS researchers, MSU researchers have recently initiated collaborations with Dr. Peter Bechtel and Dr. Si-Yin Chung of the USDA-SRRC in New Orleans to conduct research on fish waste utilization or identification of allergens in various peanut cultivars grown in Mississippi. A research project has been initiated to manufacture biodegradable packaging films that can enhance food safety and extending quality by using chitosan from shrimp and other shell fish waste and with the combination of plant cellulosic materials. The research will provide a set of data for integrated chemical and processing techniques for preparing novel antimicrobial biodegradable films for seafood packaging from totally post-harvest agricultural and shrimp wastes available in Mississippi. Another expected outcome from this project will be the significant reduction in the amounts of hazardous wastes associated with using synthetic polymers.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Narayanan, L. A., & Edelmann, M. J. (2014). Ubiquitination as an efficient molecular strategy employed in Salmonella infection. Frontiers in Immunology, 5: 558. Doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00558. Paul, D., Steele, C., Donaldson, J. R., Banes, M. M., Kumar, R., Bridges, S. M., Arick, M., and Lawrence, M. L. (2014). Genome comparison of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4a strain HCC23 with selected lineage I and lineage II L. monocytogenes strains and other Listeria strains. Genomics Data, 2: 219-225. Shen, Q., Jangam, P.M., Soni, K. A., Nannapaneni, R., Schilling, W., & Silva, J. (2014). Low, medium and high heat tolerant strains of Listeria monocytogenes and increased heat stress resistance after exposure to sublethal heat. Journal of Food Protection, 77: 1298-1307. Shen, Q., Soni, K. A., & Nannapaneni, R. (2014). Influence of temperature on acid-stress adaptation in Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 11(1): 43-49.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Helms, T. C., Nelson, B. D., and Chang, K. C. 2015. Registration of ND1406HP Soybean. J. Plant Registrations. 9:315-317. Chen, Y., & Chang, S. K. C. (2015). Macronutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of soybean sprout germinated with or without light exposure. Journal of Food Science, 80:S1391-1398. Mahmoud, B.S.M., Chang, S., Wu, Y., Nannapaneni, R., Sharama, C., & Coker, R. (2015). Effect of X-ray treatments on Salmonella enterica and spoilage bacteria on skin-on chicken breast fillets and shell eggs. Food Control, 57:110-114. Nettles, C. B., Hu, J., & Zhang, D. (2015). Using Water Raman Intensity to determine the effective excitation and emission path lengths of fluorophotometers for correcting fluorescence inner filter effect. Analytical Chemistry, 87, 4917-4924. Nettles, C., & Zhang, D. (2015). A generalized model on the effects of nanoparticles on fluorophore fluorescence in solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 119, 7941-7948. Perea, G. S., Ansar, S. M., Hu, S., Chen, M., Zou, S., Pittman, C. U., LaCour, A., Emerson, J. P., Henderson, K. L., & Zhang, D. (2015). Iodide-induced organothiol desorption and photochemical reaction, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) fusion, and SERS signal reduction in organothiol-containing AuNP aggregates. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 119, 4261-4267. Reichley, S. R., Ware, C., Greenway, T., Wise, D., & Griffin, M. (2015). Real-time PCR assays for detection and quantification of Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella piscicida, and Edwardsiella piscicida-like sp. in catfish tissues and pond water. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 27: 130-139. Zhao, X., Saebo, S., Beard, D. J., Gadogbe, M., Chen, M., & Zhang, D. (2015). Can para-aryl-dithiols cross-link two plasmonic noble nanoparticles as monolayer dithiolate spacers? Journal of Physical Chemistry, 119, 6626-6633.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chang, SKC and Shi, M. Effect of growing environment on the characteristics of soybeans for food uses. Presented in the Symposium of Environmental Effect on Plant Volatile Formation & Nonvolatile Composition. ACS Annual meeting, Aug, 2015. Boston, MA. Chang, S.K.C. 2015. Quality of food-grade soybeans for soy food manufacturing. The Second North Dakota-China Better Ingredients for Health Food Conference in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. March 30-31, 2015. Shi M., Gillen, A., Chang, SKC., Zhang, Y. Quality testing and selection of soybean varieties grown in Mississippi for soymilk and tofu making. Presented in 2015 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 11-14. Gu, C.M, and Chang, SKC. Effect of high-pressure homogenization on physical characteristics of soymilk during storage. Presented in 2015 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 11-14. Kumari, S. and Chang, SKC. A Comparative study of polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties of soybean products as affected by fermentation and non-fermentation processing techniques. Presented in 2015 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 11-14. Zhang, Y. and Chang, SKC. Antioxidant activity and ACE inhibitory activity of proteolytic digests from three phenolic-rich legume varieties as affected by thermal processing. Presented in 2015 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 11-14. Zhang, Y. and Chang, SKC. Purification and identification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from in vitro gastrointestinal simulation digestion of three phenolic-rich legume varieties. Presented in 2015 IFT meeting in Chicago in July 11-14. Abdelhamed, H., Lawrence, M.L., & Karsi, A. (2015, June). A novel suicide plasmid for efficient mutation of genes in Gram-positive bacteria. Poster presented at the American Society for Microbiology 115th General Meeting, New Orleans, LA. Edelmann, M. J. (2015, May). The growing role of functional proteomics in combating infectious diseases. Poster presented at the 2nd Annual SECIM Metabolomics Workshop and Symposium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Kummari E., Alugubelly N., Lee J.H., Mangum L., Borazjani A., Ross M., Edelmann, M. J. (2015, May) Characterization of prostaglandins released from human macrophages infected with enteric bacteria. Poster presented at the 2nd Annual SECIM Metabolomics Workshop and Symposium, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl. Zhang, X., & Haque, Z. (2015, February). effects of surfactants on particle size distribution and antioxidative potential of peanut oilinwater nanoemulsions stabilized by whey protein concentrates. Poster presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, Hattiesburg, MS. Zhang, X., & Haque, Z. (2015, February). Isolation of bovine alpha s2 casein and fractionation of its tryptic hydrolysates by size-exclusion high performance chromatography. Poster presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, Hattiesburg, MS. Kummari, E., Lee, J. H., Borazjani, A., Edelmann, M., Ross, M. K. (2015, June). Characterization of serine hydrolases using chemoproteomic profiling approach in chicken macrophages with salmonella infection. Poster presented at the American Society of Microbiology meeting, New Orleans, LA. Mukherjee, D., & Haque, Z. (2015, February). Enhancement of total radical trapping potential of cheddar whey containing emulsions by ultra-high pressure homogenization. Poster presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, Hattiesburg, MS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Soni, B., Mahmoud, B. S., & Hassan, E. M. (2014, November). Preparation and characterization of various cellulose nanofibers for improvement of antimicrobial packaging films. 13th Annual Southern BioProducts and Renewable Energy Conference, Hattiesburg, MS.


Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience reached includes food scientists, microbiologists, quality control and assurance personnel and technologists in the academia, food, agricultural and diagnosis industries, aquatic food growers, catfish growers, meat associations, food safety and quality improvement researchers in the USDA-ARS, FDA and NOAA research centers. Changes/Problems: As the program growed, laboratory space became a major issue. Some new equipment was not able to be installed due to the slow speed of the renovation of two laboratories. This has caused a delay, particularly in the study of the chemical residues in foods. This issue has been presented to the Interim Department Head and the MAFES Director for their assistance. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project provides seed grants to various researchers to help the Project Director to complete the long-term goals and objectives for this project. The project has awarded 22 subawards to researchers on a competitive basis. Upon the completion of their studies, the researchers are required to submit a national grant proposal and thus will become more competitive nationally. The scientific expertise to be gained for professional development includes modern technologies in food safety, food microbiology, food processing, food chemistry, cellular and molecular biology. The project provides opportunities for the scientists to partner with the food industries and government to solve food safety and quality problems encountered in the food industries. The project also provides an opportunity for educating undergraduate and graduate students, and postdoctoral associates for the food industries. Currently, there are approximately twelve students and five post-graduate researchers involved in this project. One student, who reported the findings on the effect of environment on catfish color and fish quality, won the first place award in the agricultural and life science section during the annual MSU Graduate Research Symposium competition. A professor in the college of Veterinary Medicine has received three competitive federal grants based on the findings from this program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The results have been disseminated to the local, regional, national and international scientific associations through their annual conferences. These meetings include the Institute of food technologists, American Chemical Society, American Dairy Science Association, American Animal Science Association, Catfish Association, International Association for Food Protection, American Society for Microbiology, United Fresh Vegetable Conference, and International Plant & Animal Genome Confernece. The audience include participants from the food industries, academia and government agencies. Several peer-reviewed articles also have been published in scientific journals, which are accessible to the general public. In addition, results also have been provided directly to government agencies such as FDA in area of rapid pathogen detection. Furthermore, competitive fundings have been obtained from USDA and NIH based on the findings from this study. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We will continue to carry out our experiments according to our objectives and research plans for all subprojects. Data will be collected and analyzed by statistical methods, and manuscripts will be prepared for presentation and publication. Efforts will be made to submit external grant proposals to the food industries and nationally competitive grant programs to grow our programs for enhancing food safety and postharvest processing and preservation tehcnology. Some examples of specific plans include the continuation of the following subprojects. 1. Detection and characterization of chemical residues in selected crops, livestock, and aquatic foods produced in Misssissippi. 2. Delivery of flavors, health-promoting ingredients and antibacterials using nanotechnology. 3. Development of antimicrobial packaging films from agricultural and seafood wastes. 4. Validation of vibrio parahemotyticus detecion in raw and processed aquacultural food products. 5. Quantification of high risk and low-risk Listeria monocytogenes serotypes on catfish products. 6. Detection and quantification of gossypol and insecticides in cotton seeds and oil products. 7. Effect of x-ray irradiation on Norovirus and protein and lipid oxidation in oyster, meat, tuna and salmon products. 8. Investigation on physiologically resistant non-wetting biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes in catfish processing environments which survive commonly used cleaners and sanitizers. 9. Targeting the endocannainoid system to enhance immuity of animal (poultry, swine, catfish and cattle). 10. Biofilm formation and transferability of Listeria on the surfaces of food and processing equipment (catfish and chicken). 11. Nanoengineering biologically-active surface enhanced Raman spectrascopic tags for ultrasensitive pathogen detection. 12. Characterization and value-added utilization of plant food crops, including but not limited to muscadine and soybean.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Mississippi’s 2013 agricultural production was valued at $7.5 billion. The major crops produced in the state include poultry, soybean, farm-raised catfish, corn, rice, sea foods (oyster and shrimp and fish), sweet potatoes, cotton, fruits and vegetables. The food manufacturing and marketing segment accounts for approximately $10 billion of revenue per year. MSU is the flagship institution for conducting research and outreach to assist in the improvement of the food safety, postharvest manufacturing and marketing systems for enhancing the economy and health of the growers, manufacturers and the consumers. The state has more than 200 food processors, providing more than 24,000 jobs. This project provides a center for studying Mississippi food safety and post-harvest technology. Major funding was obtained through an agreement with USDA-ARS in Stoneville, which has a common mission for enhancing food and agricultural industries in the state of Mississippi. The three objectives identified are very important to the enhancement of food safety and quality of the foods produced in the state and the nation. Therefore, successful completion will have a high impact on the state's economy and on food science and technology. For Objective 1 to detect and characterize pathogens and chemical residues, major activities completed and experiments conducted in this period included that pocket size detection kits for detecting food borne were validated against official methods. The low cost one-tube method was successfully adapted to 96-well microplate system. The next step is to continue to conduct validation study for Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Results from PCR studies showed E. piscicida may be more prevalent in catfish aquaculture than E. tarda. Results showed pegylated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could be used as an important platform for studying ligand interactions with AuNps. New primers that can differentiate serotypes of Listeria pathogens were discovered. Development of molecular methods to distinguish high-risk serotypes and low-risk serotypes of Listeria would enable determination of the risk associated with the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from seafood, including channel catfish. A Listeria monocytogenes surface anchor protein was found not to contribute to listerial collagen binding or cell adherence, but appeared to contribute to virulence and intracellular replication. The use of small molecules to block the attachment of LmF2365 to catfish fillet is being continued. Our research showed a protein ImoH7858_0396 was a novel virulent factor of L. monocytogenes, and deletion of an alkD-like genetic determinant affected flagellar motility gene expression, biofilm formation, virulence and stress responses of L. moncytogenes. The physiological functions of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) as potential drug targets in Salmonellosis in catfish and chicken were characterized. Chemical proteomics data showed that activities of host DUBs were regulated during Salmonella infection. For Objective 2 to develop innovative technologies for preventing illness that may be caused by pathogens and chemical residues, various processing experiments were conducted. The x-ray irradiation with 0.6 kGy X-ray significantly reduced the initial populations of mesophilic bacteria and psychrotrophic bacteria on tuna fillets from 4.4 to1.3 and 4.0 to less than detectable level, respectively. The overall population of mesophilic bacteria and psychrotrophic bacteria was also lower than the control during storage. Treated tuna was stored at 5, 10 and 25 degrees C and the results showed that there was a noticeable change on the red color (visually) of treated tuna with 0.6 kGy compared with untreated tuna. However, there were no significant changes in lightness, yellowness, or redness color values as measured by a Hunter colorimeter. Literia monocytogenes was exposed to adverse conditions of heat, acid, base, and oxidative conditions to study their resistance and destruction. In this period, we treat this pathogen to oxidative conditions such as hydrogen peroxide and alkaline conditions. Induction of oxidative-stress adaptation of L. monocytogenes strains BUG600 (Serotype 1/2a) and F1057 (Serotype 4b) was observed when cells were pre-exposed to sublethal H2O2 or alkali-stress. L. monocytogenes BUG600 readily induced highest oxidative stress adaptation at a cell density of 7 log CFU/ml when cells were pre-exposed to 50 ppm H2O2 for 30 min or when cells were pre-exposed to 20-50 ppm H2O2 for 30 min at a lower cell density of 5 log CFU/ml at 37°C; however, induction of oxidative stress adaptation was weaker in L. monocytogenes strain F1057 compared to BUG600 under these conditions. Both L. monocytogenes strains induced significant oxidative stress adaptation when cells were pre-exposed to sublethal alkali pH 9–10 with three different alkaline reagents tested. The oxidative-stress adaptation induced by sublethal H2O2 or sublethal alkali was reversible within 60 min at 37°C in the absence of such sublethal stress. In catfish processing, L. monocytogenes encounter multiple interventions where it has opportunities to be exposed to sub-lethal stresses that trigger various intracellular stress responses allowing it to be more persistent in the subsequent lethal inactivation. Our findings showed that L. monocytogenes BUG 600 and F1057 cells were capable of inducing oxidative-stress resistant phenotypes when pre-exposed to either sublethal H2O2 or alkali stress at 37°C. The pH 9 induced oxidative-stress adaptation in L. monocytogenes was almost instantaneous and was induced by several alkaline agents including, NaOH, KOH and NH4OH. Both sublethal alkali and H2O2 induced oxidative-stress resistance in L. monocytogenes at 37°C was reversible within 1 h in the absence of such sublethal stress conditions at 37°C. For Objective 3 to characterize food materials and processing technologies for value-added utilization of foods produced in Mississippi, cheddar cheese whey solution (2%, w/v) was subjected to nanoemulsification by high pressure homogenization at pressures. The results indicated samples treated with both cheese whey and chitosan exhibited the best results for storage of the catfish fillet. There was an almost six-fold reduction in oxidative degradation as a result of nano-emulsion coating containing chitosan. The stability and antioxidative activities of a nanoemulsion consisting of a whey protein concentrate and peanut oil were investigated. Based on total radical trapping potentials (TRAP) analyses, the antioxidative potential of the nanoemulsions were significantly enhanced by adding sulfobetaine 3-10, though further addition of Trition X-100 had no significant effect on antioxidative properties. Data obtained will provide important scientific foundation for formulating nanoemulsion system as an effective carrier for hydrophobic bioactive compounds. Characterizations of phenolic substances and antioxidant capacity of muscadine grape and quality of food-grade soybeans have been initiated. Thirteen major varieties were analyzed for juice quality and health promotion components. Results showed that black varieties had the highest phenolic substances. However, antioxidant capacity was not associated the skin color. Food-grade soybeans grown by the ARS researchers in Stoneville were analyzed for protein quality for making foods. Results showed some varieties have high protein content and favorable electrophoretic patterns, and may be used for making high quality soy foods. Identification of cultivars with high quality characteristics will have a positive influence in marketing of the crops and will be beneficial to the growers. New knowledge gained has been presented in various scientific meetings.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Siriwardana K, Wang A, Vangala K, Fitzkee N, and Zhang D. 2013. Probing the Effects of Cysteine Residues on Protein Adsorption onto Gold Nanoparticles Using Wild-Type and Mutated GB3 Proteins. Langmuir, 2013, 29(35):1099010996
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Griffin, M. J., C. Ware, S. Quiniou, J. Steadman, P. Gaunt, L. Khoo and E. Soto. 2014. Edwardsiella piscicida identified in the southeastern United States by gyrB sequence, species-specific and repetitive sequence mediated PCR. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 108: 23-35. Paul, D., C. Steele, J. R. Donaldson, M. M. Banes, R. Kumar, S. M. Bridges, M. Arick II, and M. L. Lawrence. 2014. Genome comparison of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4a strain HCC23 with selected lineage I and lineage II L. monocytogenes strains and other Listeria strains. Genomics Data 2:219-225. Siriwardana K, Gadogbe M, Ansar SM, Vasquez ES, Collier WE, Zou SL, Walters KB, and Zhang D. 2014. Ligand Adsorption and Exchange on Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118:1111111119. Wang A, Vangala K, Vo T, Zhang D, and Fitzkee NC. 2014. A three-step model for protein-gold nanoparticle adsorption. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118:81348142.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Reddy S. and Lawrence ML. 2014. Virulence Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes. In Jordan, K., E. M. Fox, and M. Wagner (eds), Listeria monocytogenes: Methods and Protocols, pages 157-166. Humana Press, New York, New York.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Abeysundara P. 2013. Formation of oxidative-stress resistant phenotypes of Listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 4b and their stability at 37�C and 4�C. M.S. Thesis, Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University. Advisor: Nannapaneni.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Chang SKC and Sun CW. 2014. Lentil phenolic extracts reduced ROS and angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hypertension in cells and rats. Paper no. 113. Presented in the Symposium of High Performance Foods and Beverages of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division at the 248th American Chemical Society National Meeting and Exposition. San Francisco, CA. Aug 10-14, 2014. Ciaramella M, Allen P, Schilling W. 2014. Cumulative stress effects on growth, physiology and fillet quality in channel catfish. American Fisheries Society MS/TN Chapter Meeting, Pickwick Landing State Park, Chase TN; March 19, 2014. Haque, Z., Zhang, X. 2014 Particle Distribution and Stability of Peanut Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion as Affected by Whey Protein Concentrate and Surfactants. Presented in the 2014 annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists, New Orleans, LA. June 21-24, 2014. Haque Z and Mukherjee D. 2014. Enhancement of Radical Quenching Ability of Cheddar Whey by Mutual Supplementation with Tea Extracts and Thermally Generated Maillard Reaction Products. Presented at the 14th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists. New Orleans, LA. June 21-24, 2014. Kim T. 2014. A single tube detection kit for listeria in fresh vegetables, multistate research project S-29 meeting at Annual United Fresh Produce Conference, June 3-6, 2014. Chicago, Illinois. Mahmoud, B.S.M. and Coker, R. (2014). Improving the Safety and Extending the Shelf life of Raw Tuna Fillets by X-ray Radiation. The IFT Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. June 21-24, 2014. Mukherjee D and Haque Z. 2014. Enhancement of Radical Quenching Ability of Sweet Whey and Casein Hydrolyzate: Mutual Supplementation with Thermally Generated Maillard Reaction Products. Presented at the 2014 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, American Society of Animal Science and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. July 20-24, 2014, Kansas City, MO. Nanduri B, Bailey R, Edelmann MJ. 2014. Experimental Annotation of Post-Translationally Modified Proteins in Chicken, International Plant & Animal Genome XXIII / January 10-14, 2015. San Diego, CA, USA. Yu, H., Kumari, S., Zhang, Y., Chang, SKC, 2014. Improved small-scale methods for evaluating pressed tofu and filled tofu. Presented in the 75th annual meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists, New Orleans, LA. June 21-24, 2014. Zhang, Y., Tan, Y., Stringer, S., Haque, Z., Kumari, S., and Chang, SKC. 2014. Phenolic substances and antioxidant properties of thirteen muscadine grapes. Presented at the 75th Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. June 21-24, 2014. Zhang, Y and Chang, S K. C. 2014. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of lentil, black turtle, black soybean as affected by thermal processing. Paper no. 223. Presented in the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of the 248th American Chemical Society National Meeting and Exposition. San Francisco, CA. Aug 10-14, 2014.


Progress 08/19/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience includes food scientists, microbiologists, quality control and assurance personnel, and technologists in the food and agricultural industries, researchers in food safety and biomedical diagnosis industries, catfish growers, and government including USDA, FDA and NOAA scientists, and ultimately targets marketing firms, restaurants, and consumers to provide safe and quality aquatic foods and other related food products. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project provides opportunity for training several undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctorates, and professional development for the scientists involved in the food safety, food microbiology, food processing, cellular, and molecular biology research. This study also provides a PhD student as well as other graduate students and undergraduate students in the catfish physiology and muscle foods research as related to environmental effects on stress and product quality. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A majority of the project is in its early phase of study, many experiments are being designed and in the process of being carried out, and hence, the results are not ready to be disseminated to the food industries yet. However, two demonstrations of Vibrio test kits to Seafood industry and regulators in summer of 2013. In addition, several papers were presented and published in state, national and international meetings, where the results were disseminated to the related scientists in academia and the food industries. One example is that the results of this work were disseminated to various Food Industry clients at the International Association for Food Protection annual meetings held in July 2013. And the cheese whey project findings were presented in American Dairy Science Association meetings recently in Indianapolis. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We will continue to carry out our experiments according to our research plans for all eleven subprojects, including collection and analysis of data, and preparation of manuscripts for presentation and publications in national and international meetings. Efforts will be made to submit grant proposals to the food industries or nationally competitive programs to grow our programs. Some examples of specific plans include Writing a pre-proposal to the University and explore the possibility to resubmit a NSF MRI proposal (for instrument development) that was rejected in July 2013 with panel recommendation of “recommended if funds are available” Preparing two manuscripts i) the synthesis and characterization of the SERS active AuNP aggregates, and ii) the fabrication and characterization of enzyme self-assembled AuNPs. These publications are expected to be in the high quality ACS journals such as Nano Letters, ACS Nano or Journal of Physical Chemistry. Submitting a grant proposal to NSF biosensing program. This proposal will be submitted during the next NSF submission window. We will repeat catfish fillet attachment experiments to make sure the attachment difference seen between lmof2365 wild type and lmof2365_2117 mutant are consistent. Because the function of lmof2365_2117 protein is not known, catfish fillet attachment experiment will be our main biological assay for characterizing small molecules. After this, small molecules will be tested to determine their ability to block the attachment of the lmof2365 wild type to catfish fillet. We plan on completing our study on the effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration on the quality of catfish fillets, live muscle physiology, and protein expression in the meat. We will finish this research in Spring 2014 and will submit papers for publication and share this information with the catfish industry through an extension publications and presentations. The publications will be disseminated to various food industry professionals through our MSU Extension program.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Major activities completed For meeting objective 1 on detection and characterization of pathogens, seven subprojects were awarded and are being studied. Multiplex surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic tagging was initiated to detect and quantify Listeria monocytogenes in foods. In the work on quantification of high-risk and low-risk Listeria monocytogenes on catfish products more than ten PCR primer sets were tested to differentiate serotypes 1/2a and 3b. In a study on high-risk Listeria monocytogenes specific collagen binding protein and its role in catfish fillet attachment, ten boron based small molecules targeting lmof2365_2117 protein have been developed. On defining physiological functions of deubiquitinating enzymes as potential drug targets in foodborne disease salmonellosis, a proteomics approach demonstrated that chicken DBUs are modulated during infection with Salmonellosis. Two federal competitive grants were obtained based on the findings of DBUs. Rapid detection kits are being validated for testing Salmonella and Vibrio pathogens. In addition to above experiments, two sub-projects were initiated: Development and application of quantitative PCR assays for genetic variants of Edwardsiella tarda for comparative evaluation of pathology, virulence and dissemination in channel, blue and hybrid catfish; and biofilm formation and transferability of Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of food and processing equipment. For objective 2, two projects were initiated: determining the efficacy of innovative X-ray irradiation treatments on the inactivation of Salmonella enterica on raw tuna fillets; and the persistence, adherence, and survival of acid-, alkali-, heat-, oxidative-, and salt-stress adapted cells of high-risk Listeria monocytogenes serotypes under normal catfish processing conditions and their prevention/destruction are being investigated. For objective 3, we have two subprojects: determining the relationships between environment factors, catfish, physiology, rigor mortis and meat quality; and quality enhancement of fresh catfish fillets using nanoemulsions containing natural nutraceutical and bioactive ingredients of various protein concentrates from Cheddar and Edam whey. A student was selected for the IFT research competition based on catfish environment and meat quality research and won 2nd place. Specific objectives met Using new Raman spectroscopy to detect Listeria helped to meet the first objective in detecting and quantifying the pathogens. Objective one was met for developing PCR primers to detect all high-risk serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes. More work is being done to improve this assay by allowing it to distinguish serotypes 3a and 3c. The study of bacterial resistance and interventions and using innovative methods using X-ray for a reduction of a 5-log reduction of bacteria in tuna fish were determined. This helps achieve the second objective in developing innovative technologies for preventing food borne illness, particularly in aquatic food products. For meeting objective three, we have identified conditions required for enhanced antioxidative activity and persistence of natural antioxidants from Cheddar and Edam whey. We have done this using a dynamic and real-time method that we developed. Second, we have standardized the method to produce stable nano-emulsions for delivery of the antioxidants to our model food systems. In the channel catfish study, we have developed a method to characterize the proteome of catfish fillets with red color defect. 3). Significant results-- changes in knowledge (publication, method, skill improvements) Using the proposed gold nanoparticle (AuNP) aggregation method, we have successfully fabricated aggregated gold nanoparticles with high single nanoparticle surface enhancement Raman spectroscopic (SERS) activities. However, the variations in the SERS activity among aggregated AuNPs particles are too large for reliable pathogen detections. The learning from this work is critical to the nanoscience and biosensing communities. Our current multiplex PCR allows consistent PCR detection of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b and distinguishes this serotype from all other listerial serotypes. Our current multiplex PCR also allows consistent detection of serotype 1/2b, which is another high-risk serotype. Using 0.5 kGy X-ray, a 5-log reduction of Salmonella was achieved, and 0.6kGy could reduce total inoculated bacteria to less than 10 CFU/g tuna. Listeria monocytogenes is capable of undergoing a phenomenon called stress hardening in which cells exposed to mild stress conditions develop increased resistance to lethal stress challenges. The stability assay was carried out by transferring adapted cells to neutral broth for 5, 15, 30, 1 and 1.5 h at 37°C, 22°C and 4°C prior to lethal alkali stress in pH 11.5 using 4M KOH or NaOH. The findings from bacterial resistance study are being written into manuscripts for publication. Our research identified natural, healthy, and comparatively inexpensive antioxidants that are abundantly available and, at one time, were considered to be waste by-products of cheese manufacture. 4). Key outcomes and other—changes in action, behavior, and conditions (safer food supply and quality enhanced) Based on our finding that the as-synthesized AuNPs aggregates varied a lot in their SERS activities, we have to change our course of research and to develop alternative strategies for the proposed nanoparticle-based pathogen detection. Currently we are working on different routes to move this project forward. The first is to develop a microfluidic system for post-synthesis selection of AuNP aggregations with uniform single-particle SERS activities. However, this approach requires major instrument development that is far beyond what is currently available from my FSI seed grant. To resolve this issue, I have submitted a NSF major research instrumentation (MRI) proposal (total amount asked ~ 1 million) that was unfortunately rejected with a panel recommendation of “recommended, if funds are available”. The second approach is to develop an ELISA based technique that uses enzyme and antibody functionalized AuNPs are the signal amplification and target-binding reagent. Our preliminary results are very encouraging. We believe that our work in this area will lead to at least one peer-reviewed high-profile publication and one highly competitive NSF or NIH proposal. Detection of serotype 4b is significant because it is the serotype most commonly associated with foodborne outbreaks caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Accurate PCR detection of this serotype as well as serotype 1/2b is a significant advance in our knowledge of detection of Listeria monocytogenes. The results from X-ray inactivation can be applied by the food industry to make raw tuna food safer, while maintaining quality since X-ray provided cold sterilization that could keep the quality better than other methods. L. monocytogenes cells normally undergo temperature fluctuations in the food processing environments. Low temperatures are common during food processing and in subsequent storage of the food products under refrigeration. This study demonstrated the effect of temperature (37ºC, 22ºC and 4ºC) on the alkaline stress response in L. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 4b and the stability of alkali stress adaptation in L. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 4b at different temperatures. This information is useful in designing and improving sanitation treatments for eliminating the persistence of L. monocytogenes in food processing environments, and therefore, contributing to safer food supply. Our expectation is that delivery of the antioxidants in nano-emulsions in coating solutions of cat fish will dramatically augment antioxidative activity, and quality and shelf-life of the fish products.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Siriwardana K, Wang A, Vangala K, Fitzkee N, Zhang D. 2013. Probing the effects of cysteine residues on protein adsorption onto gold nanoparticles using wild-type and mutated GB3 proteins. Langmuir 29(35), 10990-10996.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Desai, M.A., Joseph, P., Suman, S.P., Silva, J.L., Kim, T., Schilling, M.W. 2013. Proteome basis of red color defect in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets. Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL. Haque ZZ, Mukherjee D and Chang SKC. 2013. Effect of detergents on the antioxidative efficacy of sweet whey. (Presented and abstracted at the 2013 Joint Annual Meeting of American Dairy Science Association and American Society of Animal Science, Indianapolis, IN. Haque ZZ, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S and Chang SKC. 2013. Antioxidative activity and resilience of cheddar and edam whey as determined from total radical trapping potentials (TRAP). (Presented and abstracted at the 2013 Joint Annual Meeting of American Dairy Science Association and American Society of Animal Science, Indianapolis, IN. Mukherjee D, Haque ZZ and Chang SKC. 2013. Use of casein hydrolyzate and tea extracts in thermized whey-based edible coating solutions to reduce oxidative degradations of cubed beef steak. (Presented and abstracted at the 77th Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, Hattisburg, MS). Pandare P, Soni, K, Nannapaneni R. 2013. Formation of alkali-stress resistant phenotypes of Listeria monocytogenes. P2-22, Presented at the Annual Meetings of the International Association for Food Protection in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, July 28 - August 1, 2013. Reddy, S. M. and Lawrence, M. L. 2013. HD superfamily putative hydrolases play a role in Listeria monocytogenes virulence. International Symposium on Problems of Listeriosis. Goa, India. Williams B, Haque ZZ, Mukherjee D, Abessinio HB and Chang SKC. 2013. Efficacy of cheddar and edam whey in reducing oxidative degradation of cubed beef steak. (Presented and abstracted at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Meat Science Association Reciprocal Meat Conference, Auburn, AL. Zhang Y, Haque ZZ, Williams B, Mukherjee D, Chang, SKC. 2013. Use of casein hydrolyzate in thermized whey- based edible coating solutions to reduce coliform growth in shoulder cut beef steak. (Presented and abstracted at the 77th Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, Hattisburg, MS).
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Mengying Jiang. 2013. Validation study of the novel detection kit for rapid detection and quantification of Listeria spp. in food samples. MS Thesis. Mississippi State University. May 2013. Pandare, Pooja. 2013. Influence of temperature on the induction of alkali stress adaptation and its stability in Listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 4b. MS Thesis, Mississippi State University, July 2013. Qian Gu, Development of methodology and rapid detection technology for Eschericia coli O157:H7. MS Thesis, Mississippi State University. May 2012.