Source: SOUTHERN UNIV submitted to NRP
QUANTIFYING THE NET EFFECT OF URBAN WETLANDS IN MITIGATING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN LOUISIANA
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1000744
Grant No.
2013-38821-21383
Cumulative Award Amt.
$284,876.00
Proposal No.
2013-03693
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2013
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2018
Grant Year
2013
Program Code
[EQ]- Research Project
Recipient Organization
SOUTHERN UNIV
(N/A)
BATON ROUGE,LA 70813
Performing Department
Research Program
Non Technical Summary
Global climate change is one of the greatest threats to our environment with the potential to have widespread negative effects on ecological systems, human health, and socioeconomic sectors. In an effort to combat global climate change by reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs), wetlands must be considered. Wetlands make up a very large carbon pool because of their ability to trap atmospheric CO2. However over the last 40 years wetlands have been on a downward decline due to backfilling for land development and urbanization. The major concern associated with wetlands and their ability to mitigate climate change is the uncertainty of the amount of greenhouse gases emitted back into the atmosphere from wetlands. As urbanization continues to increase urban wetlands become of significant importance in offsetting GHGs. In recent years effort has gone into quantifying the benefits of urban forests to mitigate the effects of climate change; however, an aspect with little to no research is the impact of wetlands in urban areas in storing or releasing greenhouse gases. Research is needed to better understand these systems so that steps can be taken to mitigate or change this situation. Hence, this proposal seeks to quantify the net benefit of urban wetlands in mitigating climate change. The project has four main objectives: I: Determine the amount of stored carbon versus GHG's emitted in urban wetlands. II: Determine role annual and seasonal effects have on GHG's in urban wetlands. III: Determine where the majority of carbon is stored in urban wetlands under south Louisiana's climate. IV: Determine the nutrient load of constructed wetlands and its impact on GHG's. The proposed project will generate timely information related to the ability of urban wetlands to mitigate GHG emissions.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
100%
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
12403301070100%
Knowledge Area
124 - Urban Forestry;

Subject Of Investigation
0330 - Wetland and riparian systems;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology;
Goals / Objectives
The goal of this project is to Quantifying the Net Effect of Urban Wetlands in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Louisiana. Objective I: Determine the amount of stored carbon versus GHG's emitted in urban wetlands. Objective II: Determine role of annual and seasonal effects on emission and sequestration of GHG's in urban wetlands. Objective III: Determine where the majority of carbon is stored in urban wetlands under south Louisiana's climate. Objective IV: Determine the nutrient load of constructed wetlands and its impact on GHG's.
Project Methods
The four study sites that will be used for this project are located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Two of the sites are control (non-wetland) sites and will be selected adjacent to the two wetland study sites. The sites will be used to compare wetland and non-wetland areas. A completely randomized sampling of the sites will be used to provide simplicity and reliability in collecting data that are representative of a population while separating population parameters. The wetland and nonwetland study sites will be divided into five acre plots throughout the study area and randomly generated points will be assigned within each plot using ArcGIS. The elevation, slope, and vegetation type will also be delineated for each plot. Twenty-seven sample points have been established for Bluebonnet Swamp and fifteen for Blackwater Conservation Area. At each point, data including carbon flux, water samples, air samples, and soil samples will be collected once a day for seven days during each season. Samples will be taken each season due to functioning and capabilities of wetlands varying from season to season (Mitsch & Gosselink, 1993). Samples will be taken Fall (September-November), Spring (March-May), Winter (December-February), and Summer (June-August) from 2013 to 2015. In addition, a combination of field-based assessment and remote sensing will be used to identify and classify the vegetation type and class within the study areas.

Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience: the scientific communities, undergraduate and graduate students, natural resources conservation entities in the state of Louisiana, the southern region, urban foresters, educators, policy makers, municipal entities, university community, minority and underserved communities. Changes/Problems:There was a change in project director for this grant because the original PD resigned from the institution. The new PD has been part of the project from onset. We enlisted the assistance of a new (junior) faculty member Christopher Chappell who was working previously as post-doc on this project to increase his involvement and efforts to learn and gain hands-on experience by completing some tasks under the supervision of the project director. ? What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project supported travel for two students to attend the annual Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Related Sciences, Atlanta (MANRRS) conference and training, where both made poster presentations on research information obtained through by the project. The project also supported travel for post doc to attend the annual Professional Agricultural Workers Conference in Tuskegee, AL., where two presentations were made. One new junior faculty member and his students spent most of their research time collecting data and engaging in outreach activities to disseminate information. This effort provided our research team the opportunity to have six high school students during the last summer (BAYOU Summer Program) to work on the wetland project for five weeks. Five undergraduate students toured several high schools sharing the current findings of the research project. As a result of this project, we were able to share the benefits and importance of urban wetlands to neighboring high schools in Louisiana and Mississippi. The project served as a recruitment resource to attract future students for program enhancement. Presentations were made at the Beginning Agricultural Youth Opportunities Unlimited Research Summit in July of 2017. Two graduate students continued the seasonal data collection at the Bluebonnet Swamp and Blackwater Conservation Area sites in Louisiana. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results were disseminated to the communities of interest through publications, seminars, conferences and through the SU Agricultural Research and Extension Center and the Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Department. Two presentations were given to disseminate information obtained from preliminary results. In addition a factsheet was developed and posted on the Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center website to disseminate to a large audience. Presentation was made at the PAWC (Professional Agricultural Workers Conference) in Tuskegee, Alabama. The presentation was entitled, "Influence of pH and Bulk Density on Carbon Dioxide Efflux in Three Urban Wetland Types" We were able to share the benefits and importance of urban wetlands to neighboring high schools in Louisiana and Mississippi. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project has been completed. We are preparing new proposals for submission.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The following objectives were addressed via urban ecosystem analysis and site analysis.I: Determination of the amount of stored carbon versus GHGs emitted in urban wetlands. II: Determination characterization of the role annual and seasonal effects have on GHGs in urban wetlands. III: Determinationof where the majority of carbon is stored in urban wetlands under south Louisiana's climate. IV: Determination ofthe nutrient load of constructed wetlands and its impact on GHGs. The project generated timely information related to the ability of urban wetlands to mitigate GHG emissions. Educational, research and outreach componenets were integrated into a comprehensive initiative at SU. Several scientists,graduate students, and the urban forestry at SU have built capacity to continue research in wetland ecosystem analysis. Research sites were designated and a Post Doctorate scholar was hired to manage the project. We collected data regularly from each of our designed sites and analyzed the data. In FY 2014, two graduate students and three undergraduates were hired to assist. And, two presentations were given to disseminate information obtained from preliminary studies. During the life of the project a total of nine undergraduate and four graduate students worked and received funding through the project to assist in their studies. They were hired to assist in the collection of data from the designated sites. A doctoral proposal was presented, accepted and developed into a dissertation based on objective 4 to examine the role of nutrient loading and its impact on GHGs. The project sponsored two of the undergraduate students to attend the annual conference of the Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Related Sciences (MANRRS) in Houston, TX in March 2015 where they both made poster presentations. They were afforded the opportunity through this grant to meet with other professionals in their field and discuss their research with students, faculty, advisors, and various USDA agencies. This grant provided valuable research skills and tools to these students. Also during this period, funds were provided by this project to send the post doctorate that was hired to work on this project to attend and present project study findings at the Professional Agricultural Workers Conference (PAWC) in Tuskegee, Al in December 2014. A manuscript was developed of our current findings and was accepted for publication in the October 2015 issue of Professional Agricultural Workers Journal. Also, a factsheet was developed and posted on the Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center website to disseminate research information to a larger audience. Additional soil samples were collected and analyzed for comparison to check site variability and trends. Statistical analysis was successfully performed and greater insight of wetland greenhouse gas has been gained. In addition to completing seasonal data collections the groundwork for each site was completed for the summer 2016 cycle. Water samples, soil pH, bulk density, soil gas capturing were collected from multiple sites and analyzed. Furthermore, soil nutrient analysis were performed within each research site.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chappell, Christopher and Johnson, Andra (2015). "Influence of pH and Bulk Density on Carbon Dioxide Efflux in Three Urban Wetland Types," Professional Agricultural Workers Journal: Vol.3:No. 1, 5. Available at https://tuspubs.tuskegee.edu/pawj/vol3/iss1/5
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Abdollahi, Kamran, Ning, Zhu Hua, Puskar, Khanal, and Nyatta, Legiandenyi, Urban forest ecosystem structure, function and value, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.31065.36967
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hamilton, Tevin. 2016. Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Efflux in Two Urban Wetlands. 2016 MANRRS Conference. Jacksonville, Florida. Hamilton


Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience: the scientific communities, undergraduate and graduate students, natural resources conservation entities in the state of Louisiana, the southern region, urban foresters, educators, policy makers, municipal entities, university community, minority and underserved communities. Changes/Problems:We enlisted the assistance of a new (junior) faculty memberChristopher Chappellwho has been continuing his involvement and efforts to learn and gain hands-on experience bycompleting some tasks under the supervision of the project director. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Our new junior faculty member, Dr. Christopher Chappell and his studentshave spent most of theirresearch time collecting data and engaging in outreach activities to disseminate information. This effort providedour research team the opportunity to have six high school students during the last summer (BAYOU Summer Program) towork on thewetland project for five weeks. Five undergraduate students toured several high schools sharing the current findings of the research project. As a result of this project, we were able to share the benefits and importance of urban wetlands to neighboring high schools in Louisiana and Mississippi. The project has served as arecruitment resource to attract future students for program enhancement. Presentations were made at the Beginners Agriculture Youth Opportunities Unlimited Research Summit in July of 2017. Two graduate students continued the seasonal data collectionat the Bluebonnet Swamp and Blackwater Conservation Area sites in Louisiana. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the communities of interest through publications, seminars, conferences and through the SU Agricultural Research and Extension Center and the Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Department. As a result of this project, we were able to share the benefits and importance of urban wetlands to neighboring high schools in Louisiana and Mississippi. The project has served as recruitment resource to attract future students for program enhancement. Presentations were made at the Begining Agricultural Youth Opportunities Unlimited Research Summit in July of 2017. Two graduate students continued the seasonal data collectionat the Bluebonnet Swamp and Blackwater Conservation Area sites in Louisiana. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Water samples from multiple sites will be collected and analyzed.Additional seasonal data arebeing collected along with continual soil pH, bulk density, and soil gas capturing. Soil nutrient analysis are being performed within each research site. The following objectives arebeing completed: Objective III: Determine where the majority of carbon is stored in urban wetlands under south Louisiana's climate. Objective IV: Determine the nutrient load of constructed wetlands and its impact on GHGs.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? There are several ongoing tasksnear completion. Water samples from multiple sites are being completed. Additional seasonal data arebeing collected along with continual soil pH, bulk density, and soil gas capturing. Soil nutrient analysis are being performed within each research site. The following objectives are still being completed: Objective III: Determine where the majority of carbon is stored in urban wetlands under south Louisiana's climate. Objective IV: Determine the nutrient load of constructed wetlands and its impact on GHGs.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Abdollahi, K. Green Infrastructure and Urban Forestry in the United States, SAF Convention, Albuquerque, NM.2017


Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience:the scientific communities, undergraduate and graduate students, natural resources conservation entities in the state of Louisiana, the southern region, urban foresters, educators, policy makers, municipal entities, university community, minority and underserved communities. Changes/Problems:There was a change inproject director for this grant since the original PD resigned from the institution. The new PD has been part of the project from onset. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project supported travel for two students to attend the annual Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Related Sciences, Atlanta (MANRRS) conference and training, in which both presented poster presentations on information obtained during this period. The project also supported travel for post doctorate to attend the annual Professional Agricultural Workers Conference in Tuskegee, AL., in which two presentations were made. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the communities of interest through publications, seminars, conferences and through the SU Agricultural Research and Extension Center and the Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Department. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The following objectives will be completed: Objective III: Determine where the majority of carbon is stored in urban wetlands under south Louisiana's climate. Objective IV: Determine the nutrient load of constructed wetlands and its impact on GHG's.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This report documents and describes the recent objectives that have been completed through August 2016. The collection of a new season of data collection has been completed with the preparation of future site monitoring expansion. Additional soil samples were collected and analyzed for comparison to check site variability and trends. Statistical analysis was successfully performed and greater insight of wetland greenhouse gas has been gained. In addition to completing seasonal data collection the groundwork for each site has been completed for the summer 2016 cycle. There are other objectives that are being completed on this project. Water samples from multiple sites are beingcompleted. Additional seasonal data will be collected along with continual soil pH, bulk density, soil gas capturing. Soil nutrient analysis are beingperformed within each research site.The following objectives are being completed: Objective III: Determine where the majority of carbon is stored in urban wetlands under south Louisiana's climate. Objective IV: Determine the nutrient load of constructed wetlands and its impact on GHG's.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Efflux in Two Urban Wetlands. 2016 MANRRS Conference. Jacksonville, Florida. Tevin Hamilton
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chappell, C. and A. Johnson. 2015. Influence of pH and Bulk Density on Carbon Dioxide Efflux in Three Urban Wetland Types. Professional Agriculture Workers Journal.


Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audience during this reporting period was Southern University Urban Forestry students, conference attendees at the PAWC, and readers of Professional Agricultural Workers Journal. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project supported travel for two students to attend the annual MANRRS conference and training, in which both presented poster presentations on information obtained during this period. The project also supported travel for post doctorate to attend the annual Professional Agricultural Workers Conference in Tuskegee, AL., in which two presentations were made. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?During this period a presentation was made at the PAWC (Professional Agricultural Workers Conference) in Tuskegee, AL. The presentaton was entitled, "Influence of pH and Bulk Density on Carbon Dioxide Efflux in Three Urban Wetland Types" What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During this next reporting period, we will continue to collect data from our study area. We will also prepare an additional manuscript of our findings and submit for publication. We will fund an additional four students, as well as one graduate student to assist with this project. Finally, we will present our findings at one national conference.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During the reporting period we collected data from each of our sites and we are currently analyzing this data.One graduate student was hired on this project. The student is developing her dissertation from objective four. She will examine the role of nutrient loading and its impact on GHG's. In addition to one graduate student being hired, four undergraduate students were hired to assist in the collection of data on these sites. The project paid for two of these students to attend the annual MANRRS conference in Houston, TX in March 2015, where they both presented poster presentations. They were afforded the opportunity through this grant to meet with other professionals in their field and discuss their research with students, faculty, advisors, and various USDA agencies. This grant has providedvaluable research skills and tools to these students. Also during this period, travel was paid by this project to send thepost doctorate that was hired to work on this project to attend andpresentour current findings at the Professional Agricultural Workers Conference in Tuskegee, Al in December 2014. A manuscript has been developed of ourcurrent findings and has been accepted for publication in the October 2015 issue of Professional Agricultural Workers Journal.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chappell, C. and A. Johnson. 2015.Influence of pH and Bulk Density on Carbon Dioxide Efflux in Three Urban Wetland Types. Professional Agriculture Workers Journal.


Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience: During this period the target audience reached was professionals in agriculture, scientists, and landowners. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project has also funded trainings and certification for a student in wetland delination and wetland permitting. In addition, the project has supported the travel of three students to national conferences where they will present their findings. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? During this period, two presentations were given to disseminate information obtained from preliminary results. In addition a factsheet was developed and posted on the Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center website to disseminate to a large audience. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? During this next reporting period, we will continue to collect data from our study area. We will also prepare an additional manuscript on our findings. This information will also be presented to local communities and businesses.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Our sites were designed and a Post Doctorate was hired to manage the project. In addition, two graduate students and three undergraduates have been hired to assist. During this period, two presentations were given to disseminate information obtained from preliminary results. In addition, currently three undergraduate and two graduate students are funded by the project. A doctoral proposal was presented and accepted to be developed further into a disseration.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: International Journal of Agriculture