Progress 04/17/20 to 12/06/20
Outputs
PROGRESS REPORT Objectives (from AD-416): The goal of this research is to continue the investigation, development and commercialization of several new infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) based processing technologies including infrared drying, dry blanching, sequential infrared (IR) dryblanching/dehydration and hot air-drying (SIRDBHAD), and combined IR and UV disinfection, and IR dry-peeling of specialty crops. Further goals of this research are to use new process technologies including microwave, solar thermal, vacuum forming, casting, extrusion, pasteurization, and homogenization, alone or in combination, to add value to specialty crops. Specific objectives are listed below: Objective 1: Enable new, efficient and sustainable commercial infrared and ultraviolet based methods for processing specialty crops to improve food quality, value and safety. Sub-objective 1.1 Investigate and commercially demonstrate an energy efficient drying technology for producing high quality nuts. Sub-objective 1.2 Investigate, demonstrate, and commercialize a novel IR technology for producing healthy crispy snacks. Sub-objective 1.3 Develop IR heating and ultraviolet (UV) technology for improved drying efficiency and safety of nuts. Sub-objective 1.4 Develop sustainable IR peeling technologies for fruits and vegetables. Objective 2: Enable economical, input-efficient and sustainable commercial microwave and solar thermal methods for processing specialty crops while improving product quality and value. Sub-objective 2.1. Develop microwave systems for drying and extracting high-value compounds from specialty crops and their co-products. Sub-objective 2.2 Develop a medium-scale solar thermal cabinet dryer with the capability to operate 24 hours a day during specialty crop harvest periods. Sub-objective 2.3 Develop solar thermal alternatives for heat-intensive specialty crop processing unit operations beyond cabinet drying. Objective 3: Enable novel, value-added commercial forming, casting and extrusion methods for processing fruits, vegetables and legumes with improved food safety and nutrition. Sub-objective 3.1 Develop vacuum forming technologies that can be implemented to increase utilization and consumption of specialty crops and their co-products in a variety of nutritious and value-added forms. Sub-objective 3.2 Apply the tools of nanoscience to the casting of edible films to improve safety, extend shelf-life and improve quality. Sub-objective 3.3 Develop healthy and sensory enhanced, ready-to-eat extruded healthy foods from legumes, specialty crops, cereals, fruits and vegetables and their fractions. Objective 4: Enable new, commercial methods of pasteurizing legumes and specialty crop-based beverages and yogurts, for improved flavor, bioactives and shelf life. Approach (from AD-416): The research and development of new processing technologies can add value to specialty crops through the development of new foods containing up to 100% specialty crop based ingredients with enhanced healthfulness, convenience, and overall consumer appeal. Increased consumption of nutritious fruit, vegetable, nut, and legume based foods will improve the American diet and reduce the prevalence of obesity in our nation. This research will also improve profitability for U.S. growers and processors by increasing demand for specialty crops and by developing new value added products with high potential for export. Development of sustainable processing technologies which result in energy and water savings is another benefit of this research. Food safety will also be improved. Infrared, ultraviolet, microwave, solar thermal, forming, casting, extrusion, pasteurization and high pressure homogenization processing technologies will be explored, alone and in combination, to form novel value added food systems. Ultimately, effects of processing on final product properties will be characterized and processing methodologies optimized to maximize final product quality, safety, nutritional value, and sensory properties. An extensive network of collaborators from universities, research institutes in other countries, commodity organizations, medical research labs and the food industry, as well as sizable grants from Federal and State agencies and industry groups, will be used to support and insure a high degree of impact resulting from the research proposed in this project plan. Scientific impact will ultimately be achieved through scientific publications, patents, new mathematical models and transference of these technologies into commercialization. This is the final report for project 2030-41000-066-00D, which has been replaced by new project 2030-41000-069-00D. For additional information, see the report for the new project ⿿New Sustainable Processes, Preservation Technologies, and Product Concepts for Specialty Crops and Their Co-Products. As this was a short bridging project which took place entirely during COVID-19 pandemic-related facility closures, there is little significant progress to report in fiscal year (FY) 2021. A USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant continued to support research on isochoric (constant volume) freezing of fruits and vegetables. Several manuscripts on isochoric freezing were drafted and published. Analysis of data from experiments performed in previous years yielded several publications. A new Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) project was initiated to explore the processing of ocean-sourced plant protein. Record of Any Impact of Maximized Teleworking Requirement: The maximized telework posture has had an overwhelmingly negative impact on the research team⿿s ability to carry out laboratory and pilot plant work. Sun-drying experiments planned for Fall 2020 were cancelled, setting this component of the research a full year behind schedule. Laboratory analyses of raw and processed fruit, vegetable, and nut samples have been stalled since mid-March 2020. Sensory studies of frozen fruits and fruit juices have also been stalled since that time. Maximized teleworking halted all operations in the Food Processing Laboratory (pilot plant) at the Albany, California, location. Relevant to ARS researchers⿿ CRADA partners, there has been no pilot-scale processing of oats, drying of pea protein, drying of spent grain, or processing of olive pomace. A new CRADA project was initiated, but no in-person work could begin, although the CRADA partner is eager to get started. The ARS researchers have kept contact with CRADA partners, answered questions, and tried to plan for the reopening of the facility. There have been some minor positive impacts of the maximized telework posture. This period permitted researchers to advance the interpretation of data and the report of results in the form of draft manuscripts for publication. Technicians have conducted digitization of pencil-and-paper data, which will facilitate future analyses. The lab group has adapted to meeting on a weekly basis in a virtual format, and a backlog of safety- related documentation (standard operating procedures and job hazard analyses) was worked on during these meetings.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Bilbao-Sainz, C., Sinrod, A., Williams, T.G., Wood, D.F., Chiou, B., Bridges, D.F., Wu, V.C., Lyu, C., Rubinsky, B., McHugh, T.H. 2020. Preservation of tilapia (oreochromis aureus) fillet by isochoric (constant volume) freezing. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 29(7):629- 640. https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2020.1785602.
- Bridges, D.F., Bilbao-Sainz, C., Powell-Palm, M.J., Williams, T.G., Wood, D.F., Sinrod, A., Ukpai, G., McHugh, T.H., Rubinsky, B., Wu, V.C.H. 2020. Viability of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium after isochoric freezing. Journal of Food Safety. 40(5). Article e12840. https:// doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12840.
- Milczarek, R.R., Woods, R., Lafond, S.I., Smith, J.L., Sedej, I., Olsen, C. W., Vilches, A.M., Breksa III, A.P., Preece, J.E. 2020. Texture of hot-air- dried persimmon (diospyros kaki) chips: instrumental, sensory, and consumer input for product development. Foods. 9(10). Article 1434. https:/ /doi.org/10.3390/foods9101434.
- Milczarek, R.R., Olsen, C.W., Sedej, I. 2020. Quality of watermelon juice concentrated by forward osmosis and conventional processes. Processes. 8(12). Article 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8121568.
- Gasparre, N., Pan, J., Da Silva Alves, P.L., Rosell, C.M., Berrios, J.D. 2020. Tiger nut (cyperus esculentus) as a functional ingredient in gluten- free extruded snacks. Foods. 9(12):1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/ foods9121770.
- Alves, P.L., Berrios, J.D., Pan, J., Yokoyama, W.H. 2020. Black, pinto and white beans lower hepatic lipids in hamsters fed high fat diets by excretion of bile acids. Food Production, Processing, and Nutrition. 2. Article 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-020-00039-5.
- Bilbao-Sainz, C., Zhao, Y., Takeoka, G.R., Williams, T.G., Wood, D.F., Chiou, B., Powell-Palm, M., Wu, V.C., Rubinsky, B., McHugh, T.H. 2020. Effect of isochoric freezing on quality aspects of minimally processed potatoes. Journal of Food Science. 85(9):2656-2664. https://doi.org/10. 1111/1750-3841.15377.
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416): The goal of this research is to continue the investigation, development and commercialization of several new infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) based processing technologies including infrared drying, dry blanching, sequential infrared (IR) dryblanching/dehydration and hot air-drying (SIRDBHAD), and combined IR and UV disinfection, and IR dry-peeling of specialty crops. Further goals of this research are to use new process technologies including microwave, solar thermal, vacuum forming, casting, extrusion, pasteurization, and homogenization, alone or in combination, to add value to specialty crops. Specific objectives are listed below: Objective 1: Enable new, efficient and sustainable commercial infrared and ultraviolet based methods for processing specialty crops to improve food quality, value and safety. Sub-objective 1.1 Investigate and commercially demonstrate an energy efficient drying technology for producing high quality nuts. Sub-objective 1.2 Investigate, demonstrate, and commercialize a novel IR technology for producing healthy crispy snacks. Sub-objective 1.3 Develop IR heating and ultraviolet (UV) technology for improved drying efficiency and safety of nuts. Sub-objective 1.4 Develop sustainable IR peeling technologies for fruits and vegetables. Objective 2: Enable economical, input-efficient and sustainable commercial microwave and solar thermal methods for processing specialty crops while improving product quality and value. Sub-objective 2.1. Develop microwave systems for drying and extracting high-value compounds from specialty crops and their co-products. Sub-objective 2.2 Develop a medium-scale solar thermal cabinet dryer with the capability to operate 24 hours a day during specialty crop harvest periods. Sub-objective 2.3 Develop solar thermal alternatives for heat-intensive specialty crop processing unit operations beyond cabinet drying. Objective 3: Enable novel, value-added commercial forming, casting and extrusion methods for processing fruits, vegetables and legumes with improved food safety and nutrition. Sub-objective 3.1 Develop vacuum forming technologies that can be implemented to increase utilization and consumption of specialty crops and their co-products in a variety of nutritious and value-added forms. Sub-objective 3.2 Apply the tools of nanoscience to the casting of edible films to improve safety, extend shelf-life and improve quality. Sub-objective 3.3 Develop healthy and sensory enhanced, ready-to-eat extruded healthy foods from legumes, specialty crops, cereals, fruits and vegetables and their fractions. Objective 4: Enable new, commercial methods of pasteurizing legumes and specialty crop-based beverages and yogurts, for improved flavor, bioactives and shelf life. Approach (from AD-416): The research and development of new processing technologies can add value to specialty crops through the development of new foods containing up to 100% specialty crop based ingredients with enhanced healthfulness, convenience, and overall consumer appeal. Increased consumption of nutritious fruit, vegetable, nut, and legume based foods will improve the American diet and reduce the prevalence of obesity in our nation. This research will also improve profitability for U.S. growers and processors by increasing demand for specialty crops and by developing new value added products with high potential for export. Development of sustainable processing technologies which result in energy and water savings is another benefit of this research. Food safety will also be improved. Infrared, ultraviolet, microwave, solar thermal, forming, casting, extrusion, pasteurization and high pressure homogenization processing technologies will be explored, alone and in combination, to form novel value added food systems. Ultimately, effects of processing on final product properties will be characterized and processing methodologies optimized to maximize final product quality, safety, nutritional value, and sensory properties. An extensive network of collaborators from universities, research institutes in other countries, commodity organizations, medical research labs and the food industry, as well as sizable grants from Federal and State agencies and industry groups, will be used to support and insure a high degree of impact resulting from the research proposed in this project plan. Scientific impact will ultimately be achieved through scientific publications, patents, new mathematical models and transference of these technologies into commercialization. This report is for a new bridging project which began April 2020 and continues research from 2030-41000-064-00D, "New Sustainable Processing Technologies to Produce Healthy, Value-Added Foods from Specialty Crops". As this new project just began, there is little significant progress to report in fiscal year 2020. A USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant continued to support research on isochoric (constant volume) freezing of fruits and vegetables. In addition, ARS researchers continued work with several Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) partners. For CRADA projects that were initiated several years ago, the focus was on scale-up and commercialization of the technologies developed. A new CRADA project was initiated to explore the processing of ocean-sourced plant protein.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Bilbao-Sainz, C., Thai, T.T., Sinrod, A., Chiou, B., McHugh, T.H. 2020. Functionality of freeze-dried berry powder on frozen dairy desserts. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 43(9):e14076.
- Gutierrez-Jara, C., Bilbao-Sainz, C., McHugh, T.H., Chiou, B., Williams, T. G., Villalobos-Carvajal, R. 2020. Physical, mechanical and transport properties of emulsified films based on alginate with soybean oil: Effects of soybean oil concentration, number of passes and degree of surface crosslinking. Food Hydrocolloids. 109:106133.
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