Source: USDA/ERS submitted to NRP
FOOD AND NUTRITION ASSISTANCE - FOOD SECURITY IN THE U.S.
Sponsoring Institution
Economic Research Service/USDA
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
USDA INHOUSE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0433770
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2008
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2025
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
USDA/ERS
1800 M STREET NW
WASHINGTON,DC 20036
Performing Department
Economic Research Service
Non Technical Summary
ERS is the leading Federal agency developing data and conducting research and analysis on U.S. food security measurement, determinants, and outcomes, and effect of nutrition assistance on food security. The U.S. food security research project produces several key products including USDA's annual household food security in the U.S. report and oversees the release of public food security data.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
0%
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
60161103010100%
Knowledge Area
601 - Economics of Agricultural Production and Farm Management;

Subject Of Investigation
6110 - Economy of the United States and sectors thereof;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics;
Goals / Objectives
Food security means access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life. Food insecurity means that at times during the year, households were uncertain of having, or unable to acquire, enough food to meet the needs of all their members because they had insufficient money or other resources for food. Food-insecure households include those with low food security and very low food security. Food-insecure households with low food security obtained enough food to avoid substantially disrupting their eating patterns or reducing food intake by using a variety of coping strategies, such as eating less varied diets, participating in Federal food assistance programs, or getting emergency food from community food pantries. In the severe range of food insecurity described as very low food security, normal eating patterns of one or more household members were disrupted and food intake was reduced at times during the year because they had insufficient money or other resources for food. ERS plays a leading role in Federal research on food security and food security measurement in U.S. households and communities and provides data access and technical support to social science scholars to facilitate their research on food security. ERS research focuses on (1) Measuring and monitoring food security in U.S. households; (2) Food security's impact on the well-being of children, adults, families, and communities; and (3) Food security's relationship to public policies, public assistance programs, and the economy. ERS social science analysts use a variety of research approaches and data sources to address questions such as: How does having a disability impact household food security? Does SNAP ameliorate food insecurity and if so, to what extent? How do national trends in unemployment, inflation and food prices relate to national trends in food insecurity? Is there an effect of the implementation of the Spanish-language food security module on differential item functioning between non-Hispanic White and Hispanic households?
Project Methods
Research on U.S. food security requires a broad knowledge and understanding of the poverty, food security, and food assistance literatures and a variety of research methods and approaches. An important component of this knowledge base is the very specific technical literature relevant to food security measurement methods, including an understanding of item response theory (IRT) and Rasch models. Measurement of food security is based on a food security scale included in a number of Federal surveys (including the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement, National Health Interview Survey, Early Childhood Longitudinal Surveys Kindergarten and Birth Cohorts, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Survey of Income and Program Participation, and Panel Study of Income Dynamics). Responses to items are combined to create measures of food insecurity using statistical methods based on IRT, specifically the Rasch model. Although the food security measures are well-established, ongoing food security measurement research is necessary to ensure that measures are statistically sound, USDA's food security statistics are credible, and that the scale functions across various survey contexts and populations with comparable results. ERS social scientists are responsible for maintaining and improving the standard for these measures and for assessing the quality of measurement in the annual food security survey and in other Federal surveys. In addition to measurement research, ERS social scientists conduct research on the determinants of food insecurity at all levelsâ¿¿household, macroeconomic, and public policy - using a variety of approaches. Carefully considered research designs that account for self-selection are necessary in establishing the effect of food and nutrition assistance program participation on food security status. ERS analysts also examine the association of food insecurity with health, developmental, and other outcomes for adults, children, and families. Research is conducted internally by ERS staff as well as through a portfolio of external research projects and partnerships. Studies conducted by ERS staff make use of the agency's internal research capital and specialized knowledge base while the external program enables ERS to draw on the multidisciplinary expertise of nationally known social and nutrition science researchers and the resources of numerous research organizations and universities across the country.

Progress 01/01/01 to 09/30/16

Outputs
This project anticipates trends and emerging issues by conducting high-quality, objective economic research as part of the USDA ERS mission to inform and enhance public and private decision making on economic and policy issues related to food, farming, natural resources and rural America. Findings and impacts are represented through a variety of outputs including reports, journal articles, briefings, and conference presentations. ERS shapes its research program and products to serve those who routinely make or influence public policy and program decisions. Key clientele include White House and USDA policy officials; the U.S. Congress; program administrators/managers; other Federal agencies; State and local government officials; and organizations, including farm and industry groups interested in public policy issues. Current listings of ERS published reports and data products, and journal articles by ERS researchers, can be found at www.ers.usda.gov

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Agarwal, Siddharth, Vani Sethi, Palak Gupta, Meenakshi Jha, Ayushi Agnihotri, and Mark Nord, 2009, "Experiential household food insecurity in an urban underserved slum of North India", Food Security, 1(3), pp. 239-250
  • Alisha Coleman-Jensen and Christian Gregory, "Household Food Security in the United States Presentation to AAAS", American Association for the Advancement of Science fellows, August 21, 2014. pp.
  • Alisha Coleman-Jensen and Mark Nord, "Food Insecurity among Households with a Disabled Adult", APPAM, Boston, MA, pp.
  • Alisha Coleman-Jensen and Mark Nord, Food Insecurity among Households with Working-Age Adults with Disabilities, Economic Research Report, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Mark Nord and Anita Singh, Household Food Security in the United States in 2012, Economic Research Report, ERR, ERS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Mark Nord, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson, 2011, Household Food Security in the United States in 2010, Economic Research Report, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September, pp.
  • Alisha Coleman-Jensen, William McFall, and Mark Nord, Food Insecurity in Households with Children in 2010-11: Prevalence, Severity, and Household Characteristics, Economic Information Bulletin, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Afulani, Patience, Dena Herman, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, and Gail Harrison, "Food insecurity and health outcomes among older adults: The role of cost-related medication underuse", Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, pp.
  • Andrews, M., Nord, M., 2001, Food Security Is Improving in the United States, Agricultural Information Bulletin, AIB 765-7, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, April, 2 pp.
  • Andrews, M., Nord, M., Bickel, G., Carlson, S., 2000, Household Food Security in the United States, 1999, Food and Nutrition Research Report, FANRR-8, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September, 24 pp.
  • Andrews, M., Wilde, P., L. Troy, and B. Rogers, 2009, "Food Stamps and Food Spending: An Engel Function Approach", American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 91(2), pp. 416-430
  • Borjas, G., 2002, Food Insecurity and Public Assistance, NBER WP 9236, National Bureau of Economic Research, October, 36 pp.
  • Borjas, G., 2004, "Food Insecurity and Public Assistance", Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 88, Issues 7-8, pp. 1421-1443
  • Bronte-Tinkew, J., Zaslow, M., Capps, R., Horowitz, A., McNamara, M., 2007, "Food Insecurity Works through Depression, Parenting and Infant Feeding to Influence Overweight and Health in Toddlers", The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 137, Issue 9, pp.
  • Bronte-Tinkew, J., Zaslow, M., Capps, R., Horowitz, A., McNamara, M., 2007, Food Insecurity and Overweight among Infants and Toddlers: New Insights into a Troubling Linkage, Publication 2007-20, Child Trends, July, pp.
  • Christian Gregory and Alisha Coleman-Jensen, "Do Food Prices Affect Food Security for SNAP Households? Evidence from the CPS 2002-2006", paper presented at APPAM Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, November 3, 2011. pp.
  • Cohen, B., 2002, Community Food Security Assessment Toolkit, E-FAN 02-013, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, July. 166 pp.
  • Cohen, B., Parry, J., Yang, K., 2002, Household Food Security in the United States, 1998 and 1999: Detailed Statistical Report, E-FAN 02-011, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, June. 92 pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "20 Year Conference Presentation: Household Food Security in the U.S. in 2014", Presentation to ERS Conference commemmorating 20 years of food security measurement, Washington, DC, October 21, 2015. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Children's Alliance Presentation: Food Insecurity among Children in the U.S.", Children's Alliance Webinar, pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Disability and Food Insecurity", Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Boston, MA,
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Disability as a Risk Factor for Food Insecurity, Comparing Estimates from the CPS and NHIS", Presentation at Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management conference, Miami, FL, November 13, 2015. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Discussant Comments: Individual and Household Determinants of Child Food Insecurity and Hunger", Presentation at National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Food Security and Disabilities: Presentation to FRAC webinar", Food Research and Action Center Webinar, Washington, DC, July 28, 2015. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Food Security in the United States in 2010 (NCCOR Presentation)", presentation to National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research, Washington, DC, January 25, 2012. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "GAO Presentation: Food Insecurity Among Children in the U.S.", Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, January 28, 2016. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Household Food Security and Food Assistance Programs", Food and Nutrition Service Research Meeting: Over-Dilution of Infant Formula, Alexandria, VA, September 20, 2016. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Household Food Security in the U.S. in 2013: Distance Learning Seminar", ERS Distance Learning Program, Washington, DC, February 24, 2015. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Distance Learning Presentation: Household Food Security in the United States in 2014", ERS Distance Learning Program, pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Food Assistance & Nutrition Challenges: A National Perspective", pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Food Insecurity Among Working-Age Adults With Disabilities", Interagency Committee on Disability Research, Washington, DC, May 13, 2015. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Food Insecurity and Adult Mental Health", American Psychiatric Association, Mental Health Services Conference, Washington, DC, October 8, 2016. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Food insecurity and disabilities distance learning presentation", ERS distance learning program, ERS, pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Household Food Security in the U.S.: Presentation to Leland Hunger Fellows", Leland Hunger Fellows Training Program, Washington, DC, September 27, 2016. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Household Food Security in the United States in 2011 on C-SPAN's America by the Numbers", pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Household Food Security in the United States in 2012", USDA Rural Cooperatives Brownbag Presentation, pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., Nord, M., "Household Food Security in the United States in 2010 (Hunger Caucus Briefing)", Staff of Senate and House Hunger Caucuses, Washington, DC, September 9, 2011.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Household Food Security in the United States", presentation to Rwanda food security technical assistance group, pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "OMB Briefing: Household Food Security in the United States in 2015", OMB EOP briefing, September 29, 2016. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, A., "Recent trends in Household Food Security in the U.S.", presentation to Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, October 3, 2014. pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, Alisha, Christian Gregory, and Anita Singh, Household Food Security in the United States in 2013, Economic Research Report, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, Alisha, Mark Nord, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson, 2012, Household Food Security in the United States in 2011, Economic Research Report, ERR-, U.S. Department of Agriculture, August, pp.
  • Connell, C., Nord, M., Lofton, K., Yadrick, K., 2004, "Food Security of Older Children Can Be Assessed Using a Standardized Survey Instrument", Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 134, Issue 10, pp. 2566-2572
  • Coleman-Jensen, Alisha, Matthew P. Rabbitt, Christian Gregory, and Anita Singh, Household Food Security in the United States in 2015, Economic Research Report, ERR, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Coleman-Jensen, Alisha, Matthew Rabbitt, Christian Gregory, Anita Singh, Household Food Security in the United States in 2014, Economic Research Report, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Connell, C., Lofton, K., Yadrick, K., Rehner, T., 2005, "Children�s Experiences of Food Insecurity Can Assist in Understanding its Effect on Their Well-Being", The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 135, No. 7, pp. 1683-1690
  • Connell, Carol, Mark Nord, and Kristi Lofton, Cognitive Testing and Scaling Analysis of a Food Security Survey Module for Youth, Conference Organized by ERS, Washington, DC, April 19, 2004.
  • Cook, J., Frank, D., Berkowitz, C., Black, M., Casey, P., Cutts, D., Meyers, A., Zaldivar, N., Skalicky, A., Levenson, S., Heeren, T., Nord, M., 2004, "Food Insecurity is Associated with Adverse Health Outcomes Among Human Infants and Toddlers (JN article)", Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 134, Issue 6, pp. 1432-1438
  • Deitchler, Megan, and Mark Nord, 2012, "Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status of Women of Reproductive Age and Children Less than Five Years of Age in the Western Highlands of Guatemala (Annex 1. Validation of a Food Insecurity Scale for the ENSMI 2008)", U.S. Agency for International Development, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA).
  • Dena Herman, Patience Afulani, Gail Harrison, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, "Delaying and Reducing Medication Use as a Coping Mechanism for Food Insecurity", Presentation at Experimental Biology annual meeting, San Diego, CA, April 28, 2014. pp.
  • Dickert-Conlin, Stacy, Katie Fitzpatrick, and Laura Tiehen, "Explaining Changes in the Food Stamp Caseload:The Role of the Timing of EITC Payments", Paper presented at at the Assoc. for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Madison, WI, November 3, 2006. pp.
  • Drignei, D., Nusser, S., 2003, Alternative Measures of Food Security Using a Reduced Question Set: Analysis of 1999 Food Security Supplement Data, Technical Report, Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, March, pp.
  • Economic Research Service, 2002, "ERS Releases New Report, Household Food Security in the United States, 2000", FoodReview, Vol. 25, Issue 1, U.S. Department of Agriculture, May, pp.
  • Gail G. Harrison, Ame Stormer, dena R. Herman, and Donna M. Winham, Development of a Spanish-Language Version of the US Household Food Security Survey Module (International Conference Presentation), Conference Organized by ERS, Lisbon, Portugal, July 15, 2003.
  • Ghattas, Hala, AnnieBelle J Sassine, Karin Seyfert, Mark Nord, and Nadine R Sahyoun, "Food insecurity among Iraqi refugees living in Lebanon, ten years after the invasion of Iraq: data from a household survey", British Journal of Nutrition, pp.
  • Ghattas, Hala, Jessica M. Barbour, Mark Nord, Rami Zurayk, and Nadine Sahyoun, "Household Food Security Is Associated with Agricultural Livelihoods and Diet Quality in a Marginalized Community of Rural Bedouins in Lebanon", Journal of Nutrition, pp.
  • Gregory, Christian A. and Alisha Coleman-Jensen, "Food insecurity and Health, An Overview", Bread for the World Report Staff, Interested Parties, Washington, DC, June 17, 2015. pp.
  • Gundersen, C., Jolliffe, D., Tiehen, L., "Changes in the Efficacy of Food Stamps Over Time", presented to Population Association of America Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, April 30, 2003. pp.
  • Gundersen, C., Linda Weinreb, University of Massachusetts Medical School; Cheryl Wehler, University of Massachusetts Medical School; David Hosmer, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, "Association of Public Policy Analysis and Management", Washington, DC, November 1, 2001. pp.
  • Gundersen, C., Weinreb, L., Wehler, C., Hosmer, D., 2003, "Homelessness and Food Insecurity", Journal of Housing Economics, Vol. 12, Issue 3, pp. 250-272
  • Guthrie, J., Nord, M., 2002, "Beyond the Headlines: Federal Activities to Monitor Food Security", Journal of American Dietetic Association, Vol. 102, No. 7, pp. 904-906
  • Hamrick, K., David C. Ribar, "An Analysis of Poverty and Food Sufficiency Dynamics", paper presented at Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Dallas, TX, November 7, 2002. 35 pp.
  • Hamrick, K., David C. Ribar, 2003, Dynamics of Poverty and Food Sufficiency, Food and Nutrition Research Report, FANRR 36, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September, 30 pp.
  • Herman, Dena, Patience Afulani, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Gail Harrison, "Food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse among non-elderly adults in a nationally representative sample", American Journal of Public Health, pp.
  • Hamrick, K., Kristine Siefert and Colleen Heflin, "Causes and Consequences of Food Insufficiency After Welfare Reform", Paper presented at ERS seminar, Washington, D.C., March 18, 2003. 25 pp.
  • Hamrick, K., Ribar, D., "An Analysis of Poverty and Food Sufficiency Dynamics", paper presented at the Allied Social Sciences Association annual meeting, Washington, D.C., January 3, 2003. pp.
  • Harrison, G., Stormer, A., Herman, D., Winham, D., 2003, "Development of a Spanish-Language Version of the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module", Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 133, No. 4, pp. 1192-1197
  • K. Siefert, C. Heflin, M. Corcoran, D. Williams, 2004, "Food Insufficiency and Physical and Mental Health in a Longitudinal Survey of Welfare Recipients", Jounal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 171-186
  • Kabbani, N., "Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management", Washington, DC, November 2, 2001. pp.
  • Kathy Radimer, Quiping Gu, Jaime Wilger, and Mark Nord, "Food Insecurity in NHANES: Measurement and Associations with Health and Diet", Oral presentation, FASEB (Experimental Biology) annual research conference, San Diego, CA, April 2, 2005. pp.
  • Katie Fitzpatrick and Alisha Coleman-Jensen, "Food on the Fringe: Food Insecurity and the Use of Fringe Banks", paper presented at APPAM Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, November 3, 2011. pp.
  • Knol, L., Haughton, B., Fitzhugh, E., 2005, "Dietary Patterns of Young, Low-Income US Children", Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Vol. 105, No. 11, pp. 1765-1773
  • Huffman, S., Jensen, H., 2003, Do Food Assistance Programs Improve Household Food Security? Recent Evidence from the United States, CARD 03-WP335, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, June, 18 pp.
  • Jemison, K., Craig Gundersen, Thomas Kelly, 2006, "Children's Lives and Schooling Accross Socities", Reseaech In Sociology of Education, Emily Hannum, Bruce Fuller (Eds.), ELSEVIER.
  • Jones, D and Mabli, J., Economic and Geographic Access to Food Retailers and Emergency Food Pantries, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 59 pp.
  • Knoll, L., Haughton, B., Fitzhugh, E., 2006, "Food Group Adherence Scores Assess Food Patterns Compared to US Department of Agriculture Food Guide", Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Vol. 106, No. 8, pp.
  • Koball, Heather, Albert Yung-Hsu Lie, Seth Morgan, Liz Clary, 2013, "Food Insecurity and SNAP Use Among Immigrant Families With Children During the Economic Downturn", National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture., CCR-79, pp.
  • Laraia BA, Borja JB, Bentley ME., 2009, "Grandmothers, fathers, and depressive symptoms are associated with food insecurity among low-income first-time African-American mothers in North Carolina", Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(6), pp. 1042-1047
  • Laraia, B., A. Siega-Riz, and C. Gundersen, 2010, "Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with Self-Reported Pregravid Weight Status, Gestational Weight Gain, and Pregnancy Complications", Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Vol. 110, Issue 5, pp. 692-701
  • Lee, Jung sun, Mary Ann Johnson, Arvine Brown, and Mark Nord, "Food security of older adults requesting Older Americans Act Nutrition Program in Georgia can be validly measured using a short form of the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module", Journal of Nutrition, pp.
  • Mabli, J. and Jones, D., Food Security and Food Access Among Emergency Food Pantry Households, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 64 pp.
  • Mabli, J., Jones, D., and Kaufman, P., "Characterizing Food Access in America: Considering the Role of Emergency Food Pantries in Areas without Supermarkets", pp.
  • Mark Edwards and Bruce Weber, 2003, Food Insecurity and Hunger in Oregon: A New Look, Staff Paper, Wrk pap. AREC 03-104, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S. Department of Agriculture, November, pp.
  • Mark Edwards and Bruce Weber, Hunger in Oregon: Presentation to the Governor's Hunger Summit II, April/2004, pp.
  • Mark Nord and Kathleen Romig, 2006, "Hunger in the Summer: Seasonal Food Insecurity and the National School Lunch and Summer Food Service Programs", Journal of Children and Poverty, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 141-158
  • Mark Nord, Alisha Coleman-Jensen and Christian Gregory, Changes in the National Prevalence of Food Insecurity are Related to Changes in the National Unemployment Rate, Inflation, and the Price of Food, Economic Research Report, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Mark Nord, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson, Household Food Security in the United States, 2006, Economic Research Report, ERR, Econom Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Matthew P. Rabbitt, "A Note on the Usefulness of the Behavioural Rasch Selection Model for Causal Inference in the Social Sciences", 2016 International Measurement Confederation Symposium Joint Symposium, Berkeley, California, pp.
  • Matthew P. Rabbitt, 2016, "A Note on the Usefulness of the Behavioural Rasch Selection Model for Causal Inference in the Social Sciences (Paper)", pp.
  • Matthew P. Rabbitt, Michael D. Smith, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Food Security Among Hispanic Adults in the United States, 2011-2014, Economic Information Bulletin, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Mills, G., D. Gubits, L. Orr, D. Long, J. Feins, B. Kaul, M. Wood, and A. Jones, 2006, Effects of Housing Vouchers on Welfare Families, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, September, pp.
  • Morteza Rafiei, Mark Nord, Atefeh Sadeghizadeh, and Mohammad Hasan Entezari, 2009, "Assessing the Internal Validity of a Household Survey-Based Food Security Measure Adapted for Use in Iran", Nutrition Journal, 8, pp. 8-28
  • Nancy Fleischer, Ross Hammond, Xiaoguang Ma, Sonya Jones, Edeward Frongillo, Craig Gundersen, Jay Hirschman, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Neil Mehta, Angela Liese, "Building a systems map of childhood food security: A qualitative map to inform quantitative modeling", Conference on Complex Systems, Health Disparities, and Population HEalth: Building Bridges, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, February 24, 2014.
  • Nancy Fleischer, Ross Hammond, Xiaoguang Ma, Sonya Jones, Edward Frongillo, Craig Gundersen, Jay Hirschman, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Neil Mehta, Angela Liese, "Building a systems map of childhood food security: A qualitative map to inform quantitative modeling", University of South Carolina Nutrition Center Symposium, University of South Carolina, SC, March 21, 2014. pp.
  • National Research Council, 2006, Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: An Assessment of the Measure, National Academies Press.
  • National Research Council, 2007, "Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: An Assessment of the Measure", The National Academies Press.
  • Nord, M., "Discussant comments on measurement and surveillance of child food insecurity and hunger", Workshop attendees, Washington, DC, pp.
  • Nord, M., "Comparing Food Insecurity across Languages and Cultures", Participants in workshop, "Food Security and Nutrition", Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil, pp.
  • Nord, M., "Congressional Briefing on Household Food Security in the United States 2005",
  • Nord, M., "Did the 2009 SNAP Enhancements in the Stimulus Package Improve Food Security? (ERS Distance Learning Lecture)", ERS Distance Learning Lecture, January 30, 2012. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Exploring Item Fit Statistics and Measurement Reliability of Food Security Scales Using Simulated Data", paper presented at AAEA Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA, July 23, 2006. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Food Insecurity after Leaving SNAP: Why Does It Get Worse? What Does It Tell Us about the Program�s Effectiveness?", National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics, Baltimore, Maryland, August 20, 2012. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Food Insecurity in Canada and the United States: An International Comparison (NA Congress of Epidemiology)", Presentation at 3rd North American Congress of Epidemiology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 21, 2011. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Food Insecurity in Hispanic Households (Briefing for CFBNP)", Staff of Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, USDA, Washington, DC, September 23, 2008.
  • Nord, M., "Food insecurity in Hispanic households (briefing for FNS Latino Roundtable)", Participants in FNS Latino Roundtable, Washington, DC, May 23, 2011. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Food Insecurity in Households with Children (NIH Symposium presentation)", Presentation at NIH mini-symposium: Hunger and Health: Focus on Childhood Hunger, Bethesda, MD, March 5, 2010. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Food Insecurity in Households with Children [FANRP Conference Presentation]", ERS FY2010 Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Conference, Washington, DC, December 10, 2009. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Food Insecurity in Households with Children: Measurement and Trends (Presentation at Share Our Strength)", Planning meeting of Share Our Strength on eliminating child hunger, Washington, DC, July 16, 2008. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Food Insecurity in Nonmetropolitan Households", FRAC National Policy Conference, Washington, DC, February 24, 2003. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Food Security of SNAP Recipients Worsened as the Real Value of SNAP Benefits Declined from 2009 to 2011", Classes in the ERS Distance Learning system, pp.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security in the United States in 2010 (presentation to NC-1196 research group)", Members of NC-1196 research group, Washington, DC, November 3, 2011. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security in the United States, 2001 (Briefing)", Briefing for Congressional Staff, House Office Building, November 8, 2002.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security in the United States, 2001 (presentation, Bread for the World Institute)", Presented at Bread for the World Inst. "Hunger Report Consultation", Washington, DC, April 30, 2003. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security in the United States, 2002 (Briefing on Capitol Hill)", Congressional staff, Washington, DC, October 28, 2003.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security in the United States, 2007 (Briefing for USDA)", Senior USDA officials, Washington, DC, November 17, 2008.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security in the United States, 2008 (briefing for Congressional staff)", Congressional staff (coordinated by House Hunger Caucus), Washington, DC, November 16, 2009.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security Statistics: Where do they come from? What do they mean? Can they help fight hunger?", Planning Task Force of America's Second Harvest, Chicago, IL, May 4, 2006. pp.
  • Nord, M., "How Big Is the Problem? Using USDA's Household Food Security Statistics to Help Your Community Get the Picture", 2007 National Anti-Hunger Policy Conference cosponsored by FRAC and America's Second Harvest, Washington, DC, February 25, 2007. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security Statistics: Where do they come from? What do they mean? How can they help fight hunger?", Presentation at FRAC-America's Second Harvest conference, Washington, DC, February 27, 2006. pp.
  • Nord, M., "Household Food Security: What Can It Tell Us about Poverty and Place?", Conference: Poverty and Place in the US-UK: Comparisons of Experiences and Policy, Cambridge, UK, September 15, 2005. pp.
  • Nord, M., "How Do We Measure Success? Measuring Food Insecurity (University Hunger Summit presentation)", Presentation to 5th Annual University Hunger Summit, Auburn, Alabama, February 26, 2010. pp.
  • Nord, M., "How Much Does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Alleviate Food Insecurity? Evidence from Recent Program Leavers", Public Health Nutrition, pp.
  • Nord, M., "Information Resources for Policy Analysis - ERS Conference", Paper presented at the ERS conference on Information Resources for Policy Analysis, ERS-Washington, DC, October 7, 2001. 12 pp.
  • Nord, M., "Interagency Forum on Family and Child Statistics", pp.
  • Nord, M., 2001, "Food Stamp Participation and Food Security", Food Review, Vol. 24, No. 1, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, July, pp. 13-19
  • Nord, M., 2001, Household Food Security in the Rural South: Assuring Access to Enough Food for Health Lives, Miscellaneous Publication, Southern Rural Development Center, Mississippi State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture, August, 10 pp.
  • Nord, M., 2002, "Food Security Rates Are High for Elderly Households", FoodReview, Vol. 25, Issue 2, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, October, pp. 19-24
  • Nord, M., 2007, Characteristics of Low-Income Households with Very Low Food Security: An Analysis of the USDA GPRA Food Security Indicator, Economic Information Bulletin, EIB-25, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, May, pp.
  • Nord, M., 2002, A 30-Day Food Security Scale for Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement Data, E-FAN-02-015, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, August. 21 pp.
  • Nord, M., 2004, "How Many U.S. Households Face Hunger�and How Often?", Amber Waves, Vol. 2, Issue 1, U.S. Department of Agriculture, February, pp. 7
  • Nord, M., 2012, "Assessing Potential Technical Enhancements to the U.S. Household Food Security Measures", Technical Bulletin No. 1936, pp.
  • Nord, M., 2013, "Findings: Food Insecurity in U.S. Households Rarely Persists over Many Years", Amber Waves, U.S. Department of Agriculture, June, pp.
  • Nord, M., 2013, Effects of the Decline in the Real Value of SNAP Benefits from 2009 to 2011, ERR-151, Economic Research Report, ERR-51, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, August, 27 pp.
  • Nord, M., Andrews, M., and Carlson, S., 2006, Household Food Security in the United States, 2005, Economic Research Report, ERR-29, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, November, pp.
  • Nord, M., Andrews, M., Carlson, S., 2004, Household Food Security in the United States, 2003, Food and Nutrition Research Report, FANRR 42, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, October, pp.
  • Nord, M., Andrews, M., Carlson, S., Household Food Security in the United States, 2002, Food and Nutrition Research Report, FANRR 35, ERS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 53 pp.
  • Nord, M., Andrews, M., Steven Carlson, 2002, Household Food Security in the United States, 2001, Food and Nutrition Research Report, FANRR 29, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, October, 52 pp.
  • Nord, M., Andrews, M., Winicki, J., 2002, "Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior", Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, Vol. 34 (2002), pp. 194-201
  • Nord, M., Anne Marie Golla, ""And Then Things Got Worse": Food Insecurity in Households Approaching the Beginning of a SNAP* Spell (NAWRS)", National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics Annual Workshop, Albany, NY, July 12, 2009. pp.
  • Nord, M., Anne Marie Golla, Does SNAP Decrease Food Insecurity?: Untangling the Self-Selection Effect, Economic Research Report, ERR, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Nord, M., Anoop Satpathy, Nikhil Raj, Patrick Webb, and Robert Houser, Comparing Household Survey-Based Measures of Food Insecurity Across Countries: Case Studies in India, Uganda, and Bangladesh, June/2002, pp.
  • Nord, M., Assessing Potential Technical Enhancements to the U.S. Household Food Security Measures, Miscellaneous Publication, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Nord, M., Barbara Cohen, Robert Lerner, James Parry and Kenneth Yang, 2002, Household Food Security in the United States, 1998 and 1999: Technical Report, ERS E-FAN No. 02010, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/efan02010/, June. 39 pp.
  • Nord, M., Brent, P., 2002, Food Insecurity in Higher Income Households, E-FAN No. 02016, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September. 50 pp.
  • Nord, M., Food Insecurity in Households with Children: Prevalence, Severity, and Household Characteristics, Economic Information Bulletin, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Nord, M., Food Security in Households with Children (APPAM round table on children's well-being), November/2009, pp.
  • Nord, M., Food Spending Declined and Food Insecurity Increased for Middle-Income and Low-Income Households from 2000 to 2007, Economic Information Bulletin, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Nord, M., Gary Bickel, FNS, USDA, 2001, Estimating the Prevalence of Children's Hunger from the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement, Food and Nutrition Research Report, FANRR 11-2, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, July, pp.
  • Nord, M., Heather Hopwood, "Food Insecurity in Canada and the United States: An International Comparison (NAWRS)", National Assoc for Welfare Research and Statistics Annual Workshop, Albany, NY, July 12, 2009. pp.
  • Nord, M., Heather Hopwood, 2007, "Does Interview Mode Matter for Food Security Measurement? Telephone versus In-Person Interviews in the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement", Journal of Public Health Nutrition, 10(12), pp. 1474-1480
  • Nord, M., Heather Hopwood, 2008, A Comparison of Household Food Security in Canada and the United States, Economic Research Report, ERR-67, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, December, 44 pp.
  • Nord, M., Heather Hopwood, High Cost of Food in Some Areas May Affect Food Stamp Households' Ability to Meet Food Needs, Economic Information Bulletin, eib-xxx, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • Nord, M., Kabbani, N., Tiehen, L., Andrews, M., Bickel, G., Carlson, S., 2002, Household Food Security in the United States, 2000, Food and Nutrition Research Report, FANRR 21, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, February, 41 pp.
  • Nord, M., Household Food Security in the United States, 2009 - Lecture in the ERS Distance Learning Program, February/2011, pp.
  • Nord, M., Hugo Melgar-Qui�onez, Rafael Perez-Escamilla, "Desarollando M�todos Estandarizados para Medir la Inseguridad Alimentaria del Hogar en Am�rica Latina y el Caribe", First Conference in Latin America and the Caribbean on the Measurement of Household Food Insecurity, Medellin, Colombia, June 8, 2007. pp.
  • Nord, M., Jacqueline Kauff, Gloria Nagel, Nandita Verna, Richard Hendra and Philip Richardson, "Assessing the Six-Item Food Security Scale in Five State TANF-Leavers Studies", presented at Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, November 7, 2002. pp.
  • Nord, M., John T Cook, Deborah A Frank, Carol Berkowitz, Maureen M Black, Patrick H Casey, Diana B Cutts, Alan F Meyers, Nieves Zaldivar, Anne Skalicky, Suzette Levenson, Tim Heeren, "Food Insecurity is Associated with Adverse Health Outcomes Among Infants and Toddlers", ERS/FANRP Conference: Food Assistance REsearch: Recent Findings and Emerging Issues, Washington, DC, February 27, 2003. pp.
  • Nord, M., John T Cook, Ph.D., Deborah A Frank, M.D., Carol Berkowitz, M.D., Maureen M Black, Ph.D., Patrick H Casey, M.D., Diana B Cutts, M.D., Alan F Meyers, M.D., MPH, Nieves Zaldivar, M.D., Anne Skalicky, MPH., Suzette Levenson, M.Ed., MPH, Tim Heeren, Ph.D., "Food Insecurity is Associated with Adverse Health Outcomes Among Infants and Toddlers", Presentation at research conf. of Fed. of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) 2001, July 15, 2001. pp.
  • Nord, M., Leibtag, E., "Does Food Cost Less in Rural Areas?", presented at Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA, August 12, 2004. pp.
  • Nord, M., Lynn Parker, "How Adequately Are Food Needs of Children in Low-Income Households Being Met?", FRAC A2H National Anti-Hunger Policy Conference, Washington, DC, March 2, 2008. pp.
  • Nord, M., McIntyre, L., Tarasuk, V., "Child Hunger is Strongly Linked to Adult Hunger", presented at International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, June 10, 2004. pp.
  • Nord, M., Michelle Hooper, Heather Hopwood, "Food Insecurity in Canada and the United States: An International Comparison", International Union of Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) World Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 11, 2007. 33 pp.
  • Nord, M., Michelle Hooper, Heather Hopwood, "Food Insecurity in Canada and the United States: An International Comparison", Paper presented at APPAM annual research conference, Washington, DC, November 8, 2007. pp.
  • Nord, M., Newman, C., "Food Stamps and Food Security: Does the Size of the Benefit Matter?", presented at APPAM Fall Research Conference, Atlanta, GA, October 28, 2004. pp.
  • Nord, M., Newman, C., "Food Status and Food Security: Does the Size of the Benefit Matter?", presented at APPAM Fall Research Conference, Atlanta, GA, October 28, 2004. pp.
  • Nord, M., Prell, M., "Did the SNAP Enhancements in the Stimulus Package Improve Food Security? (APPAM presentation)", Presentation at APPAM, the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Fall Research Conf, Washington, DC, November 3, 2011. pp.
  • Nord, M., Prell, M., "Effects of ARRA SNAP Enhancements on Food Spending and Food Security (ERS/FANR conference presentation)", Participants in 2011 ERS Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Conference, Washington, DC, September 22, 2011. pp.
  • Nord, M., Prell, M., 2011, Food Security Improved Following the 2009 ARRA Increase in SNAP Benefits, Economic Research Report, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, February, pp.
  • Nord, M., Reardon, M., Household Food Security and SNAP in the Wake of the 2007-09 Recession (C-SPAN), Household Food Security and SNAP in the Wake of the 2007-09 Recession (C-SPAN), January/2014, pp.
  • Nord, M., Skalicky, A., Meyers, A., Adams, W., Yang, Z., Cook, J., Frank, D., 2006, "Child Food Insecurity and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Low-Income Infants and Toddlers in the United States", Maternal Child Health Journal, 10(2), pp.
  • Nord, M., Tarasuk, V., McIntyre, L., Tagtow, A., "Comparing Prevalence Rates of Food Insecurity Based on Radimer/Cornell Measures and the U.S. Household Food Security Scale", National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics, San Diego, CA, June 13, 2003. pp.
  • Nord, Mark and Anne Marie Golla, ""And Then Things Got Worse": Food Insecurity in Households Approaching the Beginning of a Food Stamp Spell (NAWRS paper)", Natl. Assoc. for Welfare Research and Statistics Annual Workshop, Albany, New York, July 12, 2009. pp.
  • Nord, Mark and Lynn Parker, "How Adequately Are Food Needs of Children in Low-Income Households Being Met?", Paper presented at APPAM annual research conference, Washington, DC, November 8, 2007. pp.
  • Nord, Mark, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson, 2010, Household Food Security in the United States, 2009, Economic Research Report, ERR ??, U.S. Department of Agriculture, November, pp.
  • Nord, Mark, and Alisha Coleman-Jensen, 2010, "Food Insecurity after Leaving SNAP", Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, Vol. 5, Number 4, pp. 434-453
  • Nord, Mark, and Anne Marie Golla, ""And Then Things Got Worse": Food Insecurity in Households Approaching the Beginning of a Food Stamp Spell", Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Research Conference, Los Angeles, CA, pp.
  • Nord, Mark, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson, 2008, Household Food Security in the United States, 2007, Economic Research Report, ERR-xx, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, November, 65 pp.
  • Nord, Mark, and Heather Koball, 2012, "Adult care-giver reports of adolescents� food security do not agree well with adolescents� own reports", Vol. 7, Issue 4, pp. 363-380
  • Nord, Mark, and Lynn Parker, 2010, "How Adequately Are Food Needs of Children in Low-Income Households Being Met?", Children and Youth Services Review (doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.03.005), 32(9), pp. 1175-1185
  • Nord, Mark, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson, 2005, Household Food Security in the United States, 2004, Economic Research Report, ERR-11, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September, 65 pp.
  • Nord, Mark, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson, Household Food Security in the United States, 2008, Economic Research Report, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.
  • P�rez-Escamilla, Rafael, Pablo Par�s, Maria Julia Acosta, Mark Nord, and Amber Hromi-Fiedler, "Are the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) items comparable in Mexico and Uruguay?", Presentation at Experimental Biology annual conference, Washington, DC, April 9, 2011. pp.
  • Nord, Mark, Michelle Hooper, and Heather Hopwood, 2008, "Household-Level Income-Related Food Insecurity Is Less Prevalent in Canada Than in the United States", Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 17-35
  • Opsomer, J., Jensen, H., Pan, S., 2003, "An Evaluation of the USDA Food Security Measure with Generalized Linear Mixed Models", Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 133, Issue 2, pp. 421-427
  • P. Wilde, L. Troy, B. Rogers, 2008, Household Food Security and Tradeoffs in the Food Budget of Food Stamp Program Participants: An Engel Function Approach, CCR-38, ERS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, March. pp.
  • Rafael Perez-Escamilla, Hugo Melgar-Qui�onez, Mark Nord, Martha Cecilia Alvarez, and Ana Maria Segall-Correa, "Escala Latinoamericana y Caribe�a de Seguridad Alimentaria (A Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale)", First Latin American and Caribbean Conference on Measurement of Household Food Security, Medellin, Colombia, June 8, 2007. pp.
  • Ryu, J-H. and J. Bartfeld, 2012, "Household Food Insecurity During Childhood and Subsequent Health Status: The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study�Kindergarten Cohort", American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 102, No. 11, pp. pp. e50-e55
  • Sahyoun, Nadine R, Mark Nord, AnnieBelle J Sassine, Karin Seyfert, Nahla Hwalla, and Hala Ghattas, "Development and Validation of an Arab Family Food Security Scale", Journal of Nutrition, pp.
  • Sethi, Vani, Siddharth Agarwal, and Mark Nord, "Development & Validation of an Experience-Based Measure of Urban Household Food Insecurity in North India (Addis Ababa pres)", Presentation at 2012 World Congress on Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 23, 2012. pp.
  • Siefert, K., Corcoran, M., 1999, "Food Insufficiency and Material Hardship in Post TANF Welfare Families", Ohio State Law Journal, Vol. 60, Number 4, pp.
  • Siefert, K., Heflin, C., Corcoran, M., Williams, D., 2001, "Food Insufficiency and the Physical and Mental Health of Low-Income Women", Welfare, Work, and Well-Being, The Haworth Medical Press.
  • Siefert, K., Heflin, C., Corcoran, M., Williams, D., 2001, "Food Insufficiency and the Physical and Mental Health of Low-Income Women", Women & Health, Vol. 32, No. 1 & 2, pp. 159-177
  • Smith, M., Coleman-Jensen, A., Rabbitt, M., 2015, Food Security Characteristics-2001-2014: Tableau Data Visualization, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Michael Smith, September.
  • Tiehen, L., Harkness, J., "Basic Needs, Tough Choices: The Impact of Housing Costs on Food Security", presented at APPAM Fall Research Conference, Atlanta, GA, October 28, 2004. pp.
  • Tiehen, L., Harkness, J., Basic Needs, Tough Choices: The Impact of Housing Costs on Food Security, November/2004, pp.
  • Whitaker, R., Phillips, S., Orzol, S, 2006, "Food Insecurity and the Risks of Depression and Anxiety in Mothers and Behavior Problems in their Preschool-Aged Children", Pediatrics, Vol. 118, No. 3, pp.
  • Smith, M., Coleman-Jensen, A., Rabbitt, M., 2015, Food Security Trends-2001-2014: Tableau Data Visualization, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Michael Smith, September.
  • Whitaker, R., Sarin, A., 2007, "Change in Food Security Status and Change in Weight Are Not Associated in Urban Women with Preschool Children", The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 137, Issue 9, pp.
  • Zaslow, M., J. Bronte-Tinkew, R. Capps, A. Horowitz, K. Moore and D. Weinstein, 2009, "Food Security During Infancy: Implications for Attachment and Mental Proficiency in Toddlerhood", Maternal and Child Health Journal, Volume 13, No. 1, pp.
  • Zhang, Q., Jones, S., Ruhm, C. J., and Andrews, M, 2013, "Higher Food Prices May Threaten Food Security among American Low-income Households with Children", Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 143(10), pp.