Source: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE submitted to
DEPLETION OF PENICILLIN G PROCAINE RESIDUES IN SOWS AFTER INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
Sponsoring Institution
Agricultural Research Service/USDA
Project Status
NEW
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0422239
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
5442-32000-014-05T
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Nov 15, 2011
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2013
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
SMITH D J
Recipient Organization
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
(N/A)
FARGO,ND 58102-2765
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
(N/A)
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
60%
Applied
40%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
71235102000100%
Goals / Objectives
Sows are typically treated with about 5 times the penicillin G procaine dose that is used for growing swine. Producers, with the advice and consent of a consulting veterinarian, can legally use this dose in an "off-label" manner provided a proper pre-slaughter withdrawal time is selected. Unfortunately, there are very few data which describe the depletion of penicillin residues from sow tissues under such use conditions. Although, Apley et al. (2009) did conduct a trial in which heavy sows were dosed with a 5x penicillin G procaine dose, the pre-slaughter withdrawal periods selected (2, 4, 6, and 8 days) were too short to properly model penicillin G residue depletions from kidney, muscle, and injection sites. Thus, the study of Apley et al. (2009) was not able to provide producers with a definitive withdrawal period for penicillin G procaine use in sows. Because a new regulatory method has been established, and because rates of penicillin G procaine depletion are poorly defined in swine, a residue study employing both the regulatory screening method and the regulatory confirmation method (LC-MS/MS) is needed to provide definitive withdrawal periods for penicillin G procaine in sows. Specific objectives of the proposed research include. 1) determine the appropriate pre-slaughter withdrawal period for penicillin G procaine in sows under practical use conditions; 2) determine whether the pattern (sites and volume) of intramuscular penicillin G procaine administration influences penicillin G procaine depletion from edible tissues of sows; and 3) determine the incidence of false-positives returned by the Charm-KIS microbial inhibition test under controlled conditions.
Project Methods
Heavy sows (<400 lb) will be treated with a 5x penicillin G procaine dose via intramuscular administration on 3 consecutive days. Three patterns of drug administration will be provided to three separate groups of sows: Treatment 1) A maximum injection volume of 10 mL will be administered to sows, but within day, multiple injections will be made into a single muscle group to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW); Treatment 2): A maximum injection volume of 10 mL will be administered, but within day, multiple injections will be made to separate muscle groups to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW); and Treatment 3: A maximum injection volume of 20 mL will be administered to sows, but within day, using multiple injections will be made to separate muscle groups to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW). Sets of 9 hogs each will be slaughtered at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 40 days after the last drug administration. The study will be replicated twice for a total of 126 treated sows. Kidney, muscle, and injection sites will be analyzed using qualitative (microbial inhibition) and quantitative (LC-MSMS) methods approved by the FSIS. Residue depletion data will be plotted with time and withdrawal periods estimated using established methods.

Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416): Sows are typically treated with about 5 times the penicillin G procaine dose that is used for growing swine. Producers, with the advice and consent of a consulting veterinarian, can legally use this dose in an "off-label" manner provided a proper pre-slaughter withdrawal time is selected. Unfortunately, there are very few data which describe the depletion of penicillin residues from sow tissues under such use conditions. Although, Apley et al. (2009) did conduct a trial in which heavy sows were dosed with a 5x penicillin G procaine dose, the pre- slaughter withdrawal periods selected (2, 4, 6, and 8 days) were too short to properly model penicillin G residue depletions from kidney, muscle, and injection sites. Thus, the study of Apley et al. (2009) was not able to provide producers with a definitive withdrawal period for penicillin G procaine use in sows. Because a new regulatory method has been established, and because rates of penicillin G procaine depletion are poorly defined in swine, a residue study employing both the regulatory screening method and the regulatory confirmation method (LC-MS/ MS) is needed to provide definitive withdrawal periods for penicillin G procaine in sows. Specific objectives of the proposed research include. 1) determine the appropriate pre-slaughter withdrawal period for penicillin G procaine in sows under practical use conditions; 2) determine whether the pattern (sites and volume) of intramuscular penicillin G procaine administration influences penicillin G procaine depletion from edible tissues of sows; and 3) determine the incidence of false-positives returned by the Charm-KIS microbial inhibition test under controlled conditions. Approach (from AD-416): Heavy sows (<400 lb) will be treated with a 5x penicillin G procaine dose via intramuscular administration on 3 consecutive days. Three patterns of drug administration will be provided to three separate groups of sows: Treatment 1) A maximum injection volume of 10 mL will be administered to sows, but within day, multiple injections will be made into a single muscle group to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW); Treatment 2): A maximum injection volume of 10 mL will be administered, but within day, multiple injections will be made to separate muscle groups to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW); and Treatment 3: A maximum injection volume of 20 mL will be administered to sows, but within day, using multiple injections will be made to separate muscle groups to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW). Sets of 9 hogs each will be slaughtered at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 40 days after the last drug administration. The study will be replicated twice for a total of 126 treated sows. Kidney, muscle, and injection sites will be analyzed using qualitative (microbial inhibition) and quantitative (LC-MSMS) methods approved by the FSIS. Residue depletion data will be plotted with time and withdrawal periods estimated using established methods. A research project is nearly completed in which 126 heavy sows were treated intramuscularly with a 5x dose of penicillin G procaine on each of three consecutive days. Subsets of 42 sows were provided penicillin G procaine in three defined injection patterns (treatments) representing those commonly used in industry settings. Sows (n=6) from each treatment were each slaughtered with withdrawal periods of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 39 days. At slaughter, edible tissues including skeletal muscle and kidney were collected for penicillin G analyses by LC-MS-MS; the same tissues were evaluated using the CHARM-KIS rapid screening kit. Residues in urine, serum, skeletal muscle, and kidney have been measured and residues in injections sites are nearly completed using LC-MS-MS. Tissue evaluations by the CHARM-KIS rapid screening test have been completed. Data from skeletal muscle have provided clear evidence that penicillin g residues are cleared by 15-days post treatment. However, residues in kidney as long as 39 days after the last penicillin G procaine treatment were measured using quantitative LC-MS-MS.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications


    Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12

    Outputs
    Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416): Sows are typically treated with about 5 times the penicillin G procaine dose that is used for growing swine. Producers, with the advice and consent of a consulting veterinarian, can legally use this dose in an "off-label" manner provided a proper pre-slaughter withdrawal time is selected. Unfortunately, there are very few data which describe the depletion of penicillin residues from sow tissues under such use conditions. Although, Apley et al. (2009) did conduct a trial in which heavy sows were dosed with a 5x penicillin G procaine dose, the pre- slaughter withdrawal periods selected (2, 4, 6, and 8 days) were too short to properly model penicillin G residue depletions from kidney, muscle, and injection sites. Thus, the study of Apley et al. (2009) was not able to provide producers with a definitive withdrawal period for penicillin G procaine use in sows. Because a new regulatory method has been established, and because rates of penicillin G procaine depletion are poorly defined in swine, a residue study employing both the regulatory screening method and the regulatory confirmation method (LC- MS/MS) is needed to provide definitive withdrawal periods for penicillin G procaine in sows. Specific objectives of the proposed research include. 1) determine the appropriate pre-slaughter withdrawal period for penicillin G procaine in sows under practical use conditions; 2) determine whether the pattern (sites and volume) of intramuscular penicillin G procaine administration influences penicillin G procaine depletion from edible tissues of sows; and 3) determine the incidence of false-positives returned by the Charm-KIS microbial inhibition test under controlled conditions. Approach (from AD-416): Heavy sows (<400 lb) will be treated with a 5x penicillin G procaine dose via intramuscular administration on 3 consecutive days. Three patterns of drug administration will be provided to three separate groups of sows: Treatment 1) A maximum injection volume of 10 mL will be administered to sows, but within day, multiple injections will be made into a single muscle group to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW); Treatment 2): A maximum injection volume of 10 mL will be administered, but within day, multiple injections will be made to separate muscle groups to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW); and Treatment 3: A maximum injection volume of 20 mL will be administered to sows, but within day, using multiple injections will be made to separate muscle groups to deliver the total required drug volume (5 mL/100 lb BW). Sets of 9 hogs each will be slaughtered at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 40 days after the last drug administration. The study will be replicated twice for a total of 126 treated sows. Kidney, muscle, and injection sites will be analyzed using qualitative (microbial inhibition) and quantitative (LC-MSMS) methods approved by the FSIS. Residue depletion data will be plotted with time and withdrawal periods estimated using established methods. A research project was initiated in which 126 heavy sows were treated intramuscularly with a 5x dose of penicillin G procaine on each of three consecutive days. Subsets of 42 sows were provided penicillin G procaine in three defined injection patterns (treatments) representing those commonly used in industry settings. Sows (n=6) from each treatment were each processed with withdrawal periods of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 39 days. At processing, edible tissues including skeletal muscle and kidney were collected for penicillin G analyses by LC-MS-MS; the same tissues were evaluated using the CHARM-KIS rapid screening kit. Tissues residues are currently being measured by LC-MS-MS; tissue evaluation by the CHARM- KIS rapid screening test has been completed. Detection of penicillin residues in kidney by the CHARM-KIS test occurred in some animals up to 39 days of withdrawal; tissue analyses using LC-MS-MS methods will confirm and quantify the actual penicillin residue, if any, within the tissue.

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications