Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416): Transfer high levels of resistance to soybean cyst nematode from Glycine tomentella to soybean. Approach (from AD-416): Working with scientists at the University of Illinois we have developed and perfected techniques for successfully deriving fertile progeny from crosses between soybean and a distant, perennial relative, Glycine tomentella. We are the only place in the world that this research has been successfully completed. The Glycine tomentella parent that we are currently using is a tetraploid with 2n=78 chromosomes and is nearly immune to the two common soybean cyst nematode (SCN) biotypes to which it has been tested. Glycine tomentella and soybean do not share the same genome so developing genetically stable lines from such a cross requires extraordinary means. Traditional cross pollination techniques are used but to keep embryos from aborting a daily hormonal spray is applied for 30 days. Approximately a month after pollination, the embryos are excised and placed on a culture medium. With proper control of the medium the embryo can be induced to produce callus from which many plantlets can be derived. A different medium is used to stimulate root development and eventually the plant can be transplanted and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. The hybrid plant has 39 Glycine tomentella chromosomes and 20 soybean chromosomes and is sterile. Treatment with colchicine is used to double the chromosome number to produce a plant with a full complement of chromosomes from both species. This plant is then backcrossed to soybean. The first backcross progeny has all 40 soybean chromosomes and one copy of each Glycine tomentella chromosome. We will develop many different second backcross lines to increase the probability that of all Glycine tomentella chromosomes will be represented in advanced backcross populations. As we continue to backcross, the Glycine tomentella chromosomes are randomly lost but in each cycle of crossing the possibility of transferring genes from Glycine tomentella exists. There are two goals either of which can occur after 3 to 5 backcrosses. We will develop fully fertile, genetically stable soybean lines with 2n=40 chromosomes with introgressed genes from Glycine tomentella or we can identify fertile, genetically stable lines with 2n=42 that have 40 soybean chromosomes and one pair of Glycine tomentella chromosomes. To date we have produced nearly 3000 fertile, genetically stable lines and will continue to produce new lines each year. These lines will be evaluated to identify those with SCN resistance. We screened the Glycine tomentella parent (PI 441001) to four soybean cyst nematode (SCN) biotypes (Hg types 0, 1, 1.2 and 2.5.7). The measure of resistance used is called the female index. It is the number of cysts on the test line divided by the number of the cysts on the susceptible check. The female index of a line as susceptible as the susceptible check is 100. The female indexes for the Hg types 0, 1 and 1.2 were all 0 and the female index for Hg type 2.5.7 was 0.4. PI 441001 is highly resistant to SCN. We have screened approximately 1200 Glycine tomentella-derived lines in one replication testing. Most lines tested have been susceptible to SCN. In early testing, eight lines were identified with low female indexes. In replicated testing all lines proved to be susceptible. In more recently testing 20 lines were identified with female indexes between 1 and 40. These lines will be screened in future replicated tests to confirm these scores.
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