Progress 09/25/09 to 09/24/11
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To compile a library of spectral fingerprints (combined spectra with no prior separation) for Asian and American Ginseng to establish the �normal� range of variation of authentic samples. To use this �normal� range to identify unknown samples. Approach (from AD-416) Authentic Asian and American Ginseng samples will be extracted with a methanol/water mixture and analyzed by ultraviolet spectrometry and mass spectrometry with no pre-treatment (no separation). The data will be subjected to principal component analysis to determine the pattern and normal variation for each Ginseng material. Principal component regression analysis and partial least squares discriminate analysis to build models for classifying unknown materials. This three-way project between USDA, British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), and the Flora Research Lab (see Project Number 1235- 52000-060-07S) established that an inexpensive instrumental method such as molecular UV absorbance can easily distinguish between American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng), and Panax notoginseng following a simple extraction with aqueous methanol. The experimental phase of the project will terminate this fiscal year but data processing will continue. This agreement was monitored through routine conversations and email communications with BCIT and Flora Research Lab.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To compile a library of spectral fingerprints (combined spectra with no prior separation) for Asian and American Ginseng to establish the �normal� range of variation of authentic samples. To use this �normal� range to identify unknown samples. Approach (from AD-416) Authentic Asian and American Ginseng samples will be extracted with a methanol/water mixture and analyzed by ultraviolet spectrometry and mass spectrometry with no pre-treatment (no separation). The data will be subjected to principal component analysis to determine the pattern and normal variation for each Ginseng material. Principal component regression analysis and partial least squares discriminate analysis to build models for classifying unknown materials. We have used spectral fingerprinting and pattern recognition programs to examine 3 species of ginseng roots (Panax ginseng aka �Chinese� ginseng, P. quinquefolius aka �American� ginseng, and P. notoginseng). This project was also supported by the Office of Dietary Supplements at NIH (1235-52000-060-05R). More than 50 samples of the 3 species were obtained from the Ginseng Board of Wisconsin, American Herbal Pharmacopoeia, and several commercial sources (some authentic roots directly from China). Mass spectrometry (MS) fingerprints acquired by direct analysis (root extracts with no chromatographic separation) readily identified the 3 species and the �red� and �white� preparations of the Chinese ginseng. Similar discrimination between species and preparations were obtained using UV absorption spectrophotometry and near infrared spectrometry. The latter method could discriminate between American ginseng grown in Wisconsin, Canada, and China. A follow-up study with 40 American ginseng roots from Wisconsin and China showed that MS could also discriminate between growing locations. Samples consisting of 15 American and 15 Chinese ginseng roots were analyzed by collaborating labs: Flora Analytical labs (Grants Pass, OR) and the British Columbia Institute of Technology (Vancouver, Canada). Both labs used ultraviolet absorption to distinguish between the species. The results from these labs constituted independent validation of the method developed at FCMDL and will be used as the basis for a Single Lab Validated Method to be submitted to AOAC International. This agreement was monitored through routine conversations and e-mails with scientists at the British Columbia Institute of Technology.
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