Source: USDA - Forest Service submitted to NRP
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING, DETECTING, AND MONITORING INVASIVE SPECIES
Sponsoring Institution
Forest Service/USDA
Project Status
EXTENDED
Funding Source
USDA INHOUSE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0413616
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2008
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
USDA - Forest Service
NORTHERN RESEARCH STATION
NEWTOWN SQUARE,PA 19073
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
This research problem area will develop methods that can be used to find and identify invasive insects, diseases, and plants (collectively pests). One of the hardest problems is trying to find these often small pests before their populations become so large and well established that they can no longer be destroyed. It will also develop methods for following pests as they spread into new areas. These methods will allow scientists, managers, and citizens to find and identify pests and have the tools to better control and manage them. The methods will provide information that will allow managers and policymakers to change conditions by funding programs to eliminate and reduce the spread of pests.
Animal Health Component
40%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
20%
Applied
40%
Developmental
40%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2110613113020%
2110620113040%
2130620107010%
2160620209030%
Knowledge Area
211 - Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants; 216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems; 213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
0620 - Broadleaf forests of the North; 0613 - Mixed conifer-broadleaf forests;

Field Of Science
2090 - Statistics, econometrics, and biometrics; 1130 - Entomology and acarology; 1070 - Ecology;
Goals / Objectives
This problem area focuses on research on species that have arrived in the U.S., but can also apply to species not yet here. Here the emphasis is on the development of methods for detecting, identifying, and monitoring rather than on the biology and ecology of the invasive species. These methods can improve early detection techniques for monitoring spread, improve understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics, identify semiochemicals for host- and mate-finding behaviors; improve identification methods; determine current forest conditions in terms of distribution and spread of known and potentially invasive plant species; develop population, community, and landscape-level models of forest susceptibility/vulnerability to invasion, and enhance our understanding of the establishment and spread dynamics of invading populations. All of these methods can be used to improve detection and management guidelines.
Project Methods
Our research approach includes: 1) examining the spatial and temporal variation of invading non-native species, 2) investigating the susceptibility of forests to invasion by insects, pathogens, and plants, 3) utilizing our insect quarantine lab to develop and evaluate detection methods and control treatments for invasive species not yet established or with limited ranges in the U.S.; 4) utilizing our state-of-the-art gas chromatograph, mass spectrometer, and electro-antenogram equipment for identifying insect semiochemicals and developing traps for detection and monitoring; and 5) developing genetic tools for identifying invasive species and varieties. We develop models to provide information for invasive species detection and spread. Our research in these areas contributes to the development of national survey and detection plans and operations. We work in collaboration with other federal agencies, international partners, and many universities to accomplish our objectives.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research in Problem 3 focused on developing tools for identification and detection of invasive species and resulted in 3 publications in refereed journals. Papers described research developing and evaluating different trap designs and lures for detection and monitoring of emerald ash borer, identification of a new pheromone and development of lures for trapping a parasitoid for biological control of emerald ash borer, and evaluation of different lures for trapping bark and wood boring beetles. PARTICIPANTS: Leah Bauer, Robert Haack, Toby Petrice, and Therese Poland participated in research in this problem along with partners and collaborators from Universities, Federal and State Agencies. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences include other scientists, federal and state regulatory agencies, resource managers, and policy makers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No modifications were made to this problem.

Impacts
Detection of new exotic forest insects and infestations is extremely challenging. Early detection is critical for effective eradication and management of new infestations. Research in Problem 2 involves developing improved tools for insect detection and identification. Results provide regulatory agencies and resource managers with new tools for bioregulatory surveillance of exotic insect infestations.

Publications

  • Cossé, Allard A.; Zilkowski, Bruce W.; Zou, Yunfan; Millar, Jocelyn G.; Bauer, Leah; Poland, Therese. 2020. Female-Produced Sex Pheromone of Tetrastichus planipennisi, a Parasitoid Introduced for Biological Control of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 12 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-020-01188-0.
  • Haack, Robert A. 2020. Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae collected in baited funnel traps on Drummond Island, Chippewa County, Michigan. The Great Lakes Entomologist. 53(1): 73-82.
  • Poland, Therese M.; Petrice, Toby R.; Ciaramitaro, Tina M. 2019. Trap design, colors, and lures for emerald ash borer detection. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 2: 80. 11 p.https://doi.org//10.3389/ffgc.2019.00080.


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Outputs: 1 publication Research in Problem 3 focused on developing tools for identification and detection of invasive species and resulted in 1 publication in a refereed journal. The paper described development of new molecular tools to differentiate populations of southern pine beetle which is invading northeastern areas of the U.S. PARTICIPANTS: Nathan Havill participated in research in this problem along with partners and collaborators from Universities, Federal and State Agencies. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences include other scientists, federal and state regulatory agencies, resource managers, and policy makers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: There were no modifications to this problem.

Impacts
Detection of new exotic forest insects and infestations is extremely challenging. Early detection is critical for effective eradication and management of new infestations. Research in Problem 2 involves developing improved tools for insect detection and identification. Results provide regulatory agencies and resource managers with new tools for bioregulatory surveillance of exotic insect infestations.

Publications

  • Havill, Nathan P; Cognato, Anthony I; del-Val, Ek; Rabaglia, Robert J; Garrick, Ryan C. 2019. New Molecular Tools for Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Reveal an East⿿West Genetic Subdivision of Early Pleistocene Origin. Insect Systematics and Diversity. 3(2): 817-. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixz002.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research in Problem 3 dealt with survey techniques for invasive forest insects and their natural enemies and resulted in publication of 2 papers in refereed journals. Papers were published on the development of microsattelites to identify different moth species and hybrids and the costs of surveilling alien species across various transportation networks. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included principal investigators Laura Blackburn, Nathan Havill, Andrew Liebhold, Therese Poland, and Talbot Trotter along with partners and collaborators from Universities, Federal and State Agencies. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences include other scientists, federal and state regulatory agencies, resource managers, and policy makers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No modifications were made to this problem.

Impacts
Detection of new exotic forest insects and infestations is extremely challenging. Early detection is critical for effective eradication and management of new infestations. Research in Problem 2 involves developing cost effective survey programs and improved monitoring and detection tools including traps and attractants and genetic or molecular tools for insect identification. Results provide regulatory agencies and resource managers with new tools for detecting and monitoring exotic insect infestations.

Publications

  • Blackburn, Laura; Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca; Thompson, Alexandra; Liebhold, Andrew; Beggs, Jacqueline. 2017. Predicting costs of alien species surveillance across varying transportation networks. Journal of Applied Ecology. 54(1): 225-233.
  • Havill, N.P.; Elkinton, J.; Andersen, J.C.; Hagen, S.B.; Broadley, Hannah J.; Boettner, G.J.; Caccone, A. 2017. Asymmetric hybridization between non-native winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and native Bruce spanworm, Operophtera bruceata, in the Northeastern United States, assessed with novel microsatellites and SNPs. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 107(02): 241-250. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485316000857.


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
OUTPUT: Research in Problem 3 dealt with survey techniques, trapping, and attractants for invasive forest insects and their natural enemies and resulted in publication of 3 papers in refereed journals. Papers were published on the use of Fluon, a slippery polymer, to render traps more slippery and capture high numbers of woodboring beetles, on semiochemical attractants for pine sawyer beetles in different geographic regions of North America, and on DNA barcoding to distinguish different subspecies of Gypsy Moth. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included principal investigator Therese Poland along with partners and collaborators from Universities, Federal and State Agencies. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences include other scientists, federal and state regulatory agencies, resource managers, and policy makers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No modifications were made to this problem.

Impacts
Detection of new exotic forest insects and infestations is extremely challenging. Early detection is critical for effective eradication and management of new infestations. Research in Problem 2 involves developing improved monitoring and detection tools including trapping techniques. Understanding host and mate location behaviors and responses to host and insect volatiles could lead to the identification of attractants that could be used to develop trapping and detection programs. Results provide regulatory agencies and resource managers with new tools for detecting and monitoring exotic insect infestations.

Publications

  • Allison, J. D., E. E. Graham, T. M. Poland, and B. Strom. 2016. Dilution of Fluon before Trap Surface Treatment has No Effect on Longhorned Beetle Captures. Journal of Economic Entomology 109 (3): 1215-1219.
  • Chen, Fang; Luo, Youqing; Keena, Melody A.; Wu, Ying; Wu, Peng; Shi, Juan 2015. DNA Barcoding of Gypsy Moths From China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Reveals New Haplotypes and Divergence Patterns Within Gypsy Moth Subspecies. Journal of Economic Entomology. 109(1): 366-374.
  • Miller, D. R., Allison, J. D.; Crowe, C. M.; Dickinson, D. M.; Eglitis, A.; Hofstetter, R. W.; Munson, A. S.; Poland, T.M.; Reid, L. S.; Steed, B. E.; and Sweeney, J. W. 2016. Pine Sawyers (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) attracted to α-Pinene, Monochamol and Ipsenol in North America. Journal of Economic Entomology. 109 (3): 1205-1214.


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Research in Problem 3 dealt with survey techniques, trapping, and attractants for invasive forest insects and resulted in publication of 12 papers in refereed journals, book chapters, and proceedings in GTRS. Papers were published on attractants and trapping techniques for emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), its parasitoids, and other Agrilus species. Research also included studies on lure blends and attractants for trapping longhorned beetles and ambrosia beetles. Other research included a study on the sex specific trail pheromone for Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), mating and male aggregation in Sirex wood wasp (Sirex noctilio), exploring the role of wood waste landfills for early detection of invasive woodborers, and designing efficient surveys and special arrangements of sample points for detection of invasives. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included the principal investigators Leah Bauer, Robert Haack, Melody Keena, Andrew Liebhold, Toby Petrice and Therese Poland along with their partners and collaborators from Universities, Federal and State Agencies. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audiences include other scientists, federal and state regulatory agencies, resource managers, and policy maker PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No modifications were made to this problem

Impacts
Detection of new exotic forest insects and infestations is extremely challenging. Early detection is critical for effective eradication and management of new infestations. Research in Problem 2 involves developing improved monitoring and detection tools including trapping techniques. Understanding host and mate location behaviors and responses to host and insect volatiles could lead to the identification of attractants that could be used to develop trapping and detection programs. Results provide regulatory agencies and resource managers with new tools for detecting and monitoring exotic insect infestations.

Publications

  • Abell, K.; Poland, T.; Cossé,A.; Bauer, L. 2015. Trapping techniques for emerald ash borer and its introduced parasitoids. Chp. VII, pp. 113-129 in Van Driesche, Roy and Reardon, Richard eds., Biology and Control of Emerald Ash Borer. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, FHTET-2014-09. (http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/pdfs/FHTET-2014-09_Biology_Control_EAB.pdf
  • Berec, Ludek; Kean, John M.; Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Haight, Robert G. 2015. Designing efficient surveys: spatial arrangement of sample points for detection of invasive species. Biological Invasions. 17(1): 445-459.
  • Chen, Y., M. D. Ulyshen, and T. M. Poland. 2015. Abundance of volatile organic compounds in white ash phloem and emerald ash borer larval frass does not attract Tetrastichus planipennisi in Y-tube olfactometer. Insect Science. 00: 1⿿8. Published on-line DOI 10.1111/1744-7917.12227.
  • Hoover, Kelli; Keena, Melody; Nehme, Maya; Meng, Peter; Zhang, Aijun. 2014. Sex-specific trail pheromone of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis. McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., comps. Proceedings, 25th USDA interagency research forum on invasive species; 2014 . 2014 Jan. 7-10; Annapolis, MD. FHTET-2014-01. Ft. Collins CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 68. Poster Abstract
  • Krivak-Tetley, Flora; Böröczky, Katalin; Bouwer, Marc; Garnas, Jeff; Liebhold, Andrew; Slippers, Bernard. 2014. Field observations of Sirex noctilio mating and male aggregation behavior. McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., comps. Proceedings, 25th USDA interagency research forum on invasive species; 2014 . 2014 Jan. 7-10; Annapolis, MD. FHTET-2014-01. Ft. Collins CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 71. Poster Abstract
  • Miller, D.R., Dodds, K.J., Hoebeke, E.R., Poland, T.M., and Willhite, E.A. 2015. Variation in effects of Conophthorin on catches of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ethanol-baited traps in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology 108(1): 183-191.
  • Miller, D.R.; Allison, JH.D.; Crowe, C.M.; Dickinson, D.; Eglitis, A.; Hofstetter, R.W., Munson, A.S.; Poland, T.M.; Reid, L.S.; Steed, B.E.; Sweeney, J.D. 2015. Ipsenol, Monochamol, and á-pinene: trap lure blend for Monochamus species (Cerambycidae) in Canada and USA. 2015. In McManus, K.A. and Gottschalk, K.W., compilers, Proceedings, 26th USDA interagency research forum on invasive species; 2015 . 2015 Jan. 13-16; Annapolis, MD. FHTET-2015-09. Ft. Collins CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 83. Poster Abstract
  • Miller, D.R.; Crowe, C.M.; Dodds, K.J.; Hoebeke, E.R.; Poland, T.M.; Rabaglia, R.J.; Willhite, E.A. 2014. Variation in effects of Conophthorin on attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol-baited traps. McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., comps. Proceedings, 25th USDA interagency research forum on invasive species; 2014 . 2014 Jan. 7-10; Annapolis, MD. FHTET-2014-01. Ft. Collins CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 74. Poster Abstract
  • Miller, D.R.; Crowe, C.M.; Ginzel, M.D.; Poland, T.M.; Ranger, C.M.; Schultz, P.B.; Willhite, E.A. 2015. Effects of ethanol and conophthorin release reates on catches of ambrosia beetles. In McManus, K.A. and Gottschalk, K.W., compilers, Proceedings, 26th USDA interagency research forum on invasive species; 2015 . 2015 Jan. 13-16; Annapolis, MD. FHTET-2015-09. Ft. Collins CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 82. Poster Abstract
  • Petrice, Toby R.; Haack Robert A. 2015. Comparison of different trap colors and types for capturing adult Agrilus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and other buprestids. The Great Lakes Entomologist 48: 45-66
  • Petrice, Toby R.; Haack, Robert A. 2014. Attraction of Agrilus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to different traps colors and trap types. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society 59: 34.
  • Rassati, Davide; Faccoli, Massimo; Marini, Lorenzo; Haack, Robert A.; Battisti, Andrea; Petrucco Toffolo, Edoardo. 2015. Exploring the role of wood waste landfills in early detection of non-native alien wood-boring beetles. Journal of Pest Science 88 (3): 563-572.


Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Long-distance dispersal pathways, which frequently relate to human activities, facilitate the spread of alien species. One pathway of concern in North America is the possible spread of forest pests in firewood. We present a network model depicting the movement of campers and, by extension, potentially infested firewood. To support broad-scale decision making, we used the model to generate summary maps for 48 US states and seven Canadian provinces that depict the most likely origins of campers traveling from outside the target state or province. In the eastern United States, the riskiest out-of-state origin locations were usually found in a localized region restricted to portions of adjacent states. In the western United States, the riskiest out-of-state origin locations were typically associated with major urban areas located far from the state of interest. The woodwasp Sirex noctilio is a damaging invasive forest insect that kills numerous species of Pinus. Despite encountering highly variable ecoclimatic conditions, S. noctilio has arrived and established in exotic pine forest production areas throughout the Southern Hemisphere. We compiled historical records of S. noctilio invasion to compare spread rates among eight contrasting ecoclimatic regions in the Southern Hemisphere and to explore how spread rate is predicted by landscape variation in climate, habitat characteristics and anthropogenic effects. Spread rates for S. noctilio varied considerably among the invaded regions, ranging from 12 to 82 km per year. Among regions, spread rates of S. noctilio increased with increasing mean annual temperature and isothermality. The ability to effectively detect and monitor invasive insects requires sensitive traps. Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) early detection has been limited to identification of tree damage and the serendipitous collection of adults, often by members of the public. The development, deployment, and evaluation of semiochemical baited traps was done. The lures included male-produced ALB pheromone, various combinations of plant volatiles, and both the pheromone and plant volatiles. Beetles were found only in traps with lures. Analysis of the spatial distribution of traps and the known infested trees within the regulated area provides an estimate of the relationship between trap catch and beetle pressure exerted on the traps. Results of numerous trials to evaluate artificial trap designs and lures for detection of the emerald ash borer, (EAB) have yielded inconsistent results, possibly because of different population densities in the field sites. We compared green canopy traps, purple canopy traps, green double-decker traps, and purple double-decker traps in sites representing a range of EAB infestation levels. Overall in both years, more females, males, and beetles of both sexes were captured on double-decker traps than canopy traps, and more beetles of both sexes or females were captured on purple traps than green traps. Detection rates were higher for purple (100%) and green double-decker traps (100%) than for purple (82%) or green canopy traps (64%) at sites with very low to low EAB infestation levels. PARTICIPANTS: Michigan State University, Pennsylvania State University, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). USFS State &Private Forestry-Forest Health Protection, University of Massachusetts, Forest and Game Research Inst. of the Czech Republic, Michigan Technological University, Resources for the Future, University of Wisconsin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET Argentina), University of Central Florida, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Northern Arizona University, Canadian Forest Service, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology TARGET AUDIENCES: Policymakers, scientists, pest managers, quarantine/trade managers, forest and land managers

Impacts
Spread of invasive species whether done by human activity or via biological population growth and expansion is a critical component of invasion risk and ability to control and manage them. The ability to effectively detect and monitor invasive insects requires sensitive traps and new trapping developments for both EAB and ALB provide managers with more efficient (biologically and economically) tools for detecting and monitoring infestations.

Publications

  • Koch, Frank H.; Yemshanov, Denys; Haack, Robert A.; Magarey, Roger D. 2014. Using a network model to assess risk of forest pest spread via recreational travel. PLoS ONE 9(7): e102105. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0102105.
  • Lantschner, M.V.; Villacide, J.M.; Garnas, J.R.; Croft, P.; Carnegie, A.J.; Liebhold, A.M.; Corley, J.C. 2014. Temperature explains variable spread rates of the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio in the Southern Hemisphere. Biological Invasions 16: 329-339.
  • Nehme, M.E.; Trotter, R.T.; Keena, M.A.; McFarland, C.; Coop, J.; Hull-Sanders, H.M.; Meng, P.; De Moraes, C.M.; Mescher, M.C.; Hoover, K. 2014. Development and evaluation of a trapping system for Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the United States. Environmental Entomology. 43(4): 1034-1044.
  • Poland, Therese M.; Mccullough, Deborah G. 2014. Comparison Of trap types and colors for capturing emerald ash borer adults at different population densities. Environmental Entomology. 43(1): 157-170.


Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Geographical variation in numbers of established non-native species provides clues to the underlying processes driving biological invasions. Specifically, this variation reflects landscape characteristics that drive non-native species arrival, establishment and spread. We assembled the current geographical ranges (county-level) of 79 species of damaging non-indigenous forest insect and pathogen species currently established in the continental USA. We explored statistical associations of numbers of species per county with habitat characteristics associated with propagule pressure and with variables reflecting habitat invasibility. We also analysed relationships between the geographical area occupied by each pest species and the time since introduction and habitat characteristics. The geographical pattern of non-native forest pest species richness is highly focused. Geographical variation in species richness is associated with habitat factors related to both propagule pressure and invasibility. Ranges of the non-native species are related to historical spread; range areas are strongly correlated with time since establishment. The average (all species) radial rate of range expansion is 5.2 km yr-1, and surprisingly, this rate did not differ among foliage feeders, sap-feeders, wood borers and plant pathogens. Forest pest species are much more concentrated in the northeastern region of the USA compared with other parts of the country. This pattern most likely reflects the combined effects of propagule pressure (pest arrival), habitat invasibility (pest establishment) and invasion spread. The similarity in historical spread among different types of organisms indicates the importance of anthropogenic movement in spread. In 2007-2008, we examined the flight responses of Monochamus titillator (F.) complex [M. titillator, Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier), and any possible hybrids], Monochamus scutellatus (Say), Monochamus clamator (LeConte), Monochamus obtusus Casey, and Monochamus mutator LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to multiple-funnel traps baited with and without host volatiles and bark beetle pheromones. Experiments were conducted in mature pine (Pinus) stands in Alberta (Canada), and Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin (United States). All five species or species complex of Monochamus preferred traps baited with the quaternary blend over all other treatments. The consistency of these results across such a large geographic area suggests that similar selection pressures may be acting on Monochamus spp. in pine forests, regardless of variation in stand composition and climatic conditions. Our results suggest that multiple-funnel traps baited with the quaternary blend of ipsenol, ipsdienol, ethanol, and α-pinene may be highly effective for monitoring various Monochamus spp. in pine forests of North America, and may have utility in trapping and detection programs in North America and overseas. PARTICIPANTS: Michigan State University, Pennsylvania State University, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). USFS State &Private Forestry-Forest Health Protection, University of Massachusetts, Forest and Game Research Inst. of the Czech Republic, Michigan Technological University, Resources for the Future, University of Wisconsin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET Argentina), University of Central Florida, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Northern Arizona University, Canadian Forest Service TARGET AUDIENCES: Policymakers, scientists, pest managers, quarantine/trade managers, forest and land managers

Impacts
The evaluation of invasive insects and diseases in forests of the U.S. has shown that the northeastern portion of the U.S. is the epicenter of biological invasions of these species. Similarities in spread and invasion show that habitat variables and human influences are more important than species guild. Management programs for invasive species are expensive and the ability to generalize these trends can help to prevent new introductions and establishments. New trapping technologies for Monochamus spp. bark beetles provide managers with more efficient (biologically and economically) tools for detecting Monochamus infestations

Publications

  • Gavier-Pizzaro, Gregoria I.; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Hoyos, Laura E.; Stewart, Susan I.; Huebner, Cynthia D.; Keuler, N.S.; Radeloff, V.C. 2012. Monitoring the invasion of an exotic tree (Ligustrum lucidum) from 1983 to 2006 with Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite data and Support Vector Machines in Córdoba, Argentina. Remote Sensing of Environment 122: 134-145.
  • Graham, E.E.; Poland, T.M.; McCullough, D.G.; Miller, J.G. 2013. Developing an improved trapping tool to survey Cerambycid beetles: evaluation of trap height and lure composition. In McManus, K.A.; Gottschalk, K.W., eds. 2012 January 10-13; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-114. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 21-23. Abstract
  • Keena, M.A.; Meng, P.S.; Nehme, M.E.; Trotter, R.T.; McFarland, C.D.; Hoover, K. 2013. Improvements in the trapping system to detect Asian longhorned beetles using a combination of pheromones and plant volatiles. In McManus, K.A.; Gottschalk, K.W. compilers. 2013. Proceedings. 24th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2013; 2013 January 8-11. Annapolis, MD. FHTET-13-01. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 12-14. Abstract
  • Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Blackburn, Laura M.; Frankel, Susan J.; Von Holle, Betsy; Aukema, Juliann E. 2013. A highly aggregated geographical distribution of forest pest invasions in the USA. Diversity and Distributions. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12112.
  • Trotter, R.T.; Elkinton, J.S. 2013. Landscape suitability for the alien hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) in the un-invaded United States. In McManus, K.A.; Gottschalk, K.W. compilers. 2013. Proceedings. 24th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2013; 2013 January 8-11. Annapolis, MD. FHTET-13-01. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 99-100. Abstract
  • Meng, P.S.; Nehme, M.E.; Keena, M.A.; Trotter, R.T.; McFarland, C.D.; Sawyer, A.J.; Hoover, K. 2013. Monitoring of Asian longhorned beetles in Worcester, Massachusetts using pheromone and kairomones blends. In McManus, K.A.; Gottschalk, K.W., eds. Proceedings. 23rd U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2012; 2012 January 10-13; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-114. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 103. Abstract
  • Miller, Daniel R.; Dodds, Kevin J.; Eglitis, Andy; Fettig, Christopher J.; Hofstetter, Richard W.; Langor, David W.; Mayfield III, Albert E.; Munson, A. Steven; Poland, Therese M.; Raffa, Kenneth F. Trap lure blend of pine volatiles and bark beetle pheromones for Monochamus spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in pine forests of Canada and the United States. 2013. J. Econ. Entomol. 106(4):1684-1692.
  • Nehme, M.E.; Keena, M.A.; Meng, P.; Trotter, R.T.; De Moraes, C.; Mescher, M.; McFarland, C.; Sawyer, A.; Hoover, K. 2013. Development of a trapping system for Asian longhorned beetle using semiochemicals. Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 45: 20. Abstract
  • Petrice, T.R., Haack, R.A; Poland, T.M. 2013. Attraction of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and other Buprestids to sticky traps of various colors and shapes. The Great Lakes Entomologist 46 (1-2): 13-30.
  • Poland, Therese M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2011. Emerald ash borer attraction to artificial traps: Influence of trap design and color at different population densities. p. 39-40 in Parra, Gregory; Lance, David; Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard; Benedict, Chuck, compilers. 2011 Emerald Ash Borer National Research and Technology Development Meeting: 2011 October 12-13; Wooster, OH. FHTET-2011-06. Abstract
  • Siegert, Nathan W.; Gooch, Nicholas J.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Poland, Therese M.; Heyd, Rober t L. 2011. Utilizing girdled ash trees for optimal detection, delimitation and survey of low-density emerald ash borer populations. p. 167-168 in Parra, Gregory; Lance, David; Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard; Benedict, Chuck, compilers. 2011 Emerald Ash Borer National Research and Technology Development Meeting: 2011 October 12-13; Wooster, OH. FHTET-2011-06. Abstract.


Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Cost-effective surveillance strategies are needed for efficient responses to biological invasions and must account for the trade-offs between surveillance effort and management costs. Less surveillance may allow greater population growth and spread prior to detection, thereby increasing the costs of damages and control. In addition, surveillance strategies are usually applied in environments under continual invasion pressure where the number, size and location of established populations are unknown prior to detection. We developed a novel modeling framework that accounts for these features of the decision and invasion environment and determines the long term sampling effort that minimizes the total expected costs of new invasions. The optimal solution depends on population establishment and growth rates, sample sensitivity, and sample, eradication, and damage costs. We demonstrate how to optimize surveillance systems under budgetary constraints and find that accounting for spatial heterogeneity in sampling costs and establishment rates can greatly reduce management costs. Fluon PTFE is a fluoropolymer dispersion applied as a surface conditioner to cross-vane panel traps to enhance trap efficiency for cerambycid beetles. We tested Fluon with Lindgren funnel and panel traps fitted with either wet or dry collection cups on catches of cerambycid beetles. Fluon-treated funnel traps with wet collection cups captured about 6 times more beetles than the untreated funnel traps. Fluon-treated panel traps with wet collection cups captured about 9 times more beetles than untreated panel traps. The effect of Fluon on capturing cerambycid beetles did not decline after use in one or two field seasons. Conditioning both Lindgren funnel and panel traps with Fluon enhances the efficacy and sensitivity of traps deployed to detect exotic cerambycid species, or for monitoring threatened species at low population densities. Purple double-decker traps baited with a blend of ash leaf volatiles, Manuka oil, and ethanol captured 65% of all Agrilus planipennis beetles. Similarly baited, green double-decker traps captured 18% of the beetles, whereas sticky bands on girdled trees captured 11% of the beetles. Purple traps baited with Manuka oil and suspended in the canopies of live ash trees captured only 5% of the beetles. At least one beetle was captured on 81% of the purple double-decker traps, 56% of the green double-decker traps, 42% of sticky bands, and 25% of the canopy traps. We compared numbers and species richness of cerambycid beetles captured with crossvane panel traps and 12-unit Lindgren multiple-funnel traps, placed either at ground level (1.5 m high) or canopy level ( about 3 to 10 m high). We captured 3,723 beetles representing 72 cerambycid species from 10 June to 15 July 2010. Species richness was highest for the subfamilies Cerambycinae and Lamiinae, which accounted for 33 and 46% of all species captured, respectively. Overall, the cross-vane panel traps captured about 1.5 times more beetles than funnel traps. Cross-vane panel traps installed across a vertical gradient should maximize the number of cerambycid species captured. PARTICIPANTS: Michigan State University, Pennsylvania State University, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). USFS State &Private Forestry-Forest Health Protection, University of Massachusetts, Forest and Game Research Inst. of the Czech Republic, Michigan Technological University, Resources for the Future TARGET AUDIENCES: Policymakers, scientists, pest mangers, quarantine/trade managers, foerst and land managers

Impacts
Management programs for invasive species are expensive and cost-effective surveillance strategies are needed for efficient responses to biological invasions and must account for the trade-offs between surveillance effort and management costs. This research gives forest and pest managers new guidelines for how they can minimize management costs. New trapping technologies for emerald ash borer provide managers with more efficient (biologically and economically) tools for detecting and managing emerald ash borer infestations.

Publications

  • Elkinton, Joseph S.; Trotter, Robert T.; Paradis, Ann F. 2011.Simulations of population dynamics of hemlock woolly adelgid and potential impact of biological control agents. Chp. 2, p. 15-24 in Onken, Brad; Reardon Richard, eds. Implementation and status of biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid. FHTET-2011-4.
  • Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca S.; Haight, Robert G.; Berec, Ludek; Kean, John M.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2012. Optimal surveillance and eradication of invasive species in heterogeneous landscapes. Ecology Letters. 15: 803-812.
  • Graham, Elizabeth E.; Poland, Therese M. 2012. Efficacy of Fluon conditioning for capturing cerambycid beetles in different trap designs and persistence on panel traps over time. Journal of Economic Entomology. 105: 395-401.
  • Graham, Elizabeth E.; Poland, Therese M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Millar, Jocelyn G. 2011. A comparison of trap type and location for capturing cerambycid beetles. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society 56(3&4): 33.
  • Graham, Elizabeth E.; Poland, Therese M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Millar, Jocelyn G. 2012. A comparison of trap type and height for capturing cerambycid beetles (Coleoptera). Journal of Economic Entomology. 105: 837-846.
  • Hoover, Kelli; Keena, Melody; Nehme, Maya; Zhang, Aijun; Trotter, Talbot; Sawyer, Alan. Chemical communication in the Asian longhorned beetle. In McManus, Katherine A.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, 22nd U.S. Department of Agriculture, Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2011; 2011 January 11-14; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-92. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 29-30. Abstract
  • McCullough, Deborah G.; Siegert, Nathan W.; Poland, Therese M.; Pierce, Steven J.; Ahn, Su Zie. 2011. Effects of trap type, placement and ash distribution on emerald ash borer captures in a low density site. Environmental Entomology. 40(5): 1239-1252.
  • Poland, Therese M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Storer, Andrew J.; Marshal, Jordan M.; Fraser, Ivich. 2011. Evaluation of different trap types and lures for capturing emerald ash borer adults in low density populations. In McManus, Katherine A.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, 22nd U.S. Department of Agriculture, Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2011; 2011 January 11-14; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-92. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 56-58. Abstract
  • Siegert, Nathan W.; Gooch, Nicholas J.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Poland, Therese M.; Heyd, Robert L. 2011. Utilizing girdled ash trees for optimal detection, delimitation and survey of low density emerald ash borer populations. In McManus, Katherine A.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, 22nd U.S. Department of Agriculture, Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2011; 2011 January 11-14; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-92. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 89. Abstract


Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Emerald ash borer (EAB) increased larval density, resulting from lower host tree density or higher initial population size, can increase the spread rate during the first few years after colonization. Both the radial spread rate and population size were greatly influenced by ovipositional foraging behavior. Results from this model illustrate the significant influence of resource distribution and foraging behavior on localized spread, and the importance of these factors when formulating strategies to monitor and manage invasive pests. Using a simulation model, three potential management options to slow the spread of EAB in discrete outlier sites were evaluated: (i) removing ash trees to reduce available host phloem resource, (ii) girdling ash trees to attract ovipositing female beetles and destroying the trees before larvae complete development, and (iii) applying a highly effective systemic insecticide. Simulations indicate that systemic insecticide applications provided the greatest reduction in the radial spread of EAB. A new species of predator beetle from Japan that has not been reported previously was described and illustrated. Plans to release the beetle for the biological control of hemlock woolly adelgid in eastern North America were recently approved by APHIS. Measuring rates of spread during biological invasions is important for predicting where and when invading organisms will spread in the future as well as for quantifying the influence of environmental conditions on invasion speed. This study compares the performances of several spread rate measurement methods using a set of simulated invasions with known theoretical spread rates over a hypothetical region where a set of sampling points are distributed. We find that the method of regressing distance to the point of origin of the invasion as a function of time of first detection provides the most reliable method over adverse conditions (low sampling density, aggregated distribution of sampling points, irregular invaded area). The boundary displacement method appears to be a useful complementary method when sampling density is sufficiently high, as it provides an instantaneous measure of spread rate, and does not require long time series of data. Rigorous assessments of the economic impacts of introduced species at broad spatial scales are required to provide credible information to policy makers. Recognizing that economic impacts of biological invasions occur where biological processes intersect the economic landscape, we define the area of economic damage (AED) as the sum of all areas on the physical landscape that sustain economic damage from a biological invasion. By subsuming fine-scale spatial dynamics in the AED measure, temporal dynamics of the AED can be estimated from an empirical distribution of the AED effective range radius over time. This methodology is illustrated using the hemlock woolly adelgid which indicates that HWA is annually causing millions of dollars of economic losses for residential property owners in the eastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Michigan State University, Yale University, Pennsylvania State University, APHIS, S&PF Forest Health Protection, Canadian Forest Service, Pennsylvania State University, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Osaka Museum of Natural History, Universitie Libre de Bruxelles, University of Central Florida, Forest and Game Research Institute Czech Republic TARGET AUDIENCES: Policymakers, scientists, pest managers, quarantine/trade managers, forest and land managers

Impacts
Management programs for invasive species are often developed at a regional or national level, but physical intervention generally takes place over relatively small areas occupied by newly founded, isolated populations. This research gives forest and pest managers new guidelines for which treatments may provide the best options for slowing the spread of emerald ash borer. A new co-evolved predator of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) may be the best biological control weapon for use in reducing HWA populations and impacts on hemlocks. Modeling of spread of invasive species and their economic impacts are used to develop both spatial and temporal spread and impacts. This information is valuable to managers and policy makers as it provides them with common measures of impacts and the ability to weigh investments in control and management versus doing nothing.

Publications

  • Gaimari, Stephen; Havill, Nathan; Klein, Joanne; Caccone, Adalgisa. 2010. Phylogeny of the adelgid-feeding Leucopini (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae): Developing tools to enhance adelgid biological control. In Onken, B.; and Reardon, R., compilers. Fifth Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States; 2010 August 17-19; Asheville, NC. FHTET-2010-7, Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 155-156. Abstract.
  • Gilbert, Marius; Liebhold, Andrew. 2010. Comparing methods for measuring the rate of spread of invading populations. Ecography 33: 809-817.
  • Havill, Nathan P.; Davis, Gina; Klein, Joanne; Caccone, Adalgisa; Salom, Scott. 2011. Hemlock woolly adelgid biological control: molecular methods to distinguish Laricobius nigrinus, L rubidus, and their hybrids. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 25-28.
  • Holmes, Thomas P.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Kovacs, Kent F.; Von Holle, Betsy. 2010. A spatial-dynamic value transfer model of economic losses from a biological invasion. Ecological Economics. 70: 86-95.
  • Keena, Melody A.; Côté, Marie-José; Grinberg, Phyllis S.; Wallner, William E. 2011. Predicting the female flight capability of gypsy moths by using DNA markers. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 35-37.
  • Keena, Melody A.; Vandel, Alice; Pultar, Oldrich. 2010. Phenology of Lymantria monacha (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) laboratory reared on spruce foliage or a newly developed artificial diet. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103(6): 949-955.
  • Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2011. Influence of foraging behavior and host spatial distribution on the localized spread of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis. Population Ecology. 53: 271-285.
  • Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2011. Simulating the effectiveness of three potential management options to slow the spread of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) populations in localized outlier sites. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 254-264.
  • Montgomery, Michael E.; Shiyake, S.; Havill, Nathan P. 2011. A new species of Laricobius (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) from Japan with phylogeny and a key for native and introduced congeners in North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 104: 389-401.
  • Nehme, Maya; Keena, Melody; Zhang, Aijun; Sawyer, Alan; Hoover, Kelli. 2011. Monitoring Asian longhorned beetles in Massachusetts. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 109-110.
  • Sano, Masakazu; Havill, Nathan P.; Ozaki, Kenichi. 2011. Taxonomic identity of a galling adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) from three spruce species in central Japan. Entomological Science. 14: 94-99.
  • Tobin, P. C., Blackburn, L.M.; Fleischer, S.J.; E. A. Roberts. 2011. Population ecology considerations for monitoring and managing biological invasions, pp. 29-58. In Clay, ed. GIS Applications in Agriculture: Invasive Species. CRC Press.
  • Tobin, Patrick C.; Zhang, Aijun; Onufrieva, Ksenia; Leonard, Donna S. 2011. Field evaluation of effect of temperature on release of Disparlure from a pheromone-baited trapping system used to monitor gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 104(4): 1265-1271.
  • deWaard, Jeremy R.; Mitchell, Andrew; Keena, Melody A.; Gopurenko, David; Boykin, Laura M.; Armstrong, Karen F.; Pogue, Michael G.; Lima, Joao; Floyd, Robin; Hanner, Robert H.; Humble, Leland M. 2010. Towards a global barcode library for Lymantria (Lepidoptera: Lymantriinae) tussock moths of biosecurity concern. PLoS ONE. 5(12): e4280. 10 p.


Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Asian longhorned beetle, (ALB) (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky) was introduced to the U.S. from China and little was known about its biology and control. Developmental thresholds and degree-days for development for each larval instar and the pupal stage were studied for two source populations. The estimated lower threshold temperature for development of instars 1-5 and the pupal stage was near 10°C and was near 12°C for the higher instars. Temperature and its influence on larval weight had profound impacts on whether a larva proceeded to pupation. The male-produced pheromone of ALB was used in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays to determine its potential for attracting adult beetles. Virgin females were most attracted to the alcohol component and virgin males were repelled by the pheromone blend at the lowest and highest amounts offered. Females were significantly more attracted to the pheromone and its components than males were. However, males were more attracted to plant volatiles than females. Combining the male pheromone blend with two plant volatiles attracted significantly more males than did the pheromone alone. We tested four trap designs with eight different lures. Two traps and two lure combinations were best and further work will test their effectiveness in the field. Historical records of the range expansion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae Annand) in the eastern United States from 1951 to 2006 documented that this species has spread in an anisotropic fashion and the magnitude and direction of this anisotropy has varied through time. We found that a significant component of the spatial anisotropy in HWA spread rate can be explained by the geographical distribution of host trees. Spread of Microstegium vimineum, (Japanese stiltgrass) an invasive exotic grass, in closed-canopy forests was evaluated across a local and regional environmental gradient. Colonization rates and of the forest interiors were significantly higher for the more mesic sites than the more xeric sites. The same trend was noted for the spread rate. Radial spread rates ranged between 0.16 and 0.50 m year-1 and forest interiors were estimated to become saturated with stiltgrass in anywhere between 10 and 59 years. Similarly work on dispersal of emerald ash borer, (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), demonstrates that larval densities rapidly declined with distance, and that most larvae (88.9 and 90.3%) were on trees within 100 m of the emergence point of the adults. The larval distribution pattern observed was adequately described by the negative exponential function. Urban areas are hubs of international transport and therefore major gateways for exotic pests. An urban gradient was defined that could detect 70% of invaded counties and 90% of the selected species by sampling only 21-26% of U.S. agricultural and forest land. Delimiting hot spots for invasions within urban areas would facilitate monitoring efforts. We delimited establishment hot spots using urban tree cover and propagule pressure and compared the location of these hot spots with actual recent U.S. detections. Propagule pressure was more important than urban tree cover. PARTICIPANTS: Michigan State University, Yale University, APHIS, S&PF Forest Health Protection, Canadian Forest Service, Pennsylvania State University, University of Maryland-College Park, INRA Zoologie Forestiere (France), North Carolina State University, Kansas State University, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station TARGET AUDIENCES: Policymakers, scientists, pest managers, quarantine/trade managers, forest and land managers

Impacts
Data on temperature and development of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) provide a basis for predicting its potential geographical range and for developing phenological models to predict the timing of immature stages, both of which are important for management programs. Our results show that larval development and pupation should be possible in most of the continental United States where suitable hosts are available. Our findings provide evidence of the attractiveness of the ALB male-produced pheromone. Development of an efficient trap design and lure combination to monitor ALB infestations in the field are the next steps. The current distribution of the hemlock woolly adelgid may be approaching the extent of its potential range to the south and west determined by availability of host hemlock and to the north determined by lethal cold winter temperatures. These results of research on Japanese stiltgrass local and regional spread support the possibility that increased spread rates in forest interiors are caused by long-distance dispersal events, but rates are slowed by reduced stiltgrass fitness in shaded or relatively dry environments. Applying an urban-gradient framework to current monitoring strategies should enhance early detection efforts of exotic pests, facilitating optimization in allocating resources to areas at greater risk of future invasions. Similarly the identification of hot spots within urban areas will allow the management and design of monitoring programs in urban areas to be targeted to zones where large numbers of insects are potentially introduced.

Publications

  • Balci, Yilmaz; MacDonald, William L.; Gottschalk, Kurt. 2010. Sampling cankers and lesions on eastern forest plant species for Phytophthora spp. and associated organisms. In Frankel, Susan J.; Kliejunas, John T.; Palmieri, Katharine M.; tech. coords. Proceedings, of the Sudden Oak Death Fourth Science Symposium. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-229. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 285-287. Expanded abstract.
  • Bjornstad, Ottar N.; Robinet, Christelle; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2010. Geographic variation in North American gypsy moth cycles: subharmonics, generalist predators, and spatial coupling. Ecology. 91(1): 106-118.
  • Britton, Kerry O.; Buford, Marilyn; Burnett, Kelly; Dix, Mary Ellen; Frankel, Susan J.; Keena, Melody; Kim, Mee-Sook; Klopfenstein, Ned B.; Ostry, Michael E.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull. 2010. Invasive species overarching priorities to 2029. In: Dix, Mary Ellen; Britton, Kerry, editors. A dynamic invasive species research vision: Opportunities and priorities 2009-29. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-79/83. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and Development. p. 3-11.
  • Chen, Yigen; Poland, Therese M. 2010. Regulation of carbohydrate intake as a possible mechanism of emerald ash borer adult feeding preference under high nitrogen availability. In: Lance, David; Buck, James; Binion, Denise; Reardon, Richard; Mastro, Victor; compilers. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting: 20-21 October 2009; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2010-01, Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 11. Abstract.
  • Colunga-Garcia, Manuel; Haack, Robert A.; Magarey, Roger A.; Margaret L. Margosian. 2009. Modeling spatial establishment patterns of exotic forest insects in urban areas in relation to tree cover and propagules pressure. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 108-118.
  • Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2010. Comparing potential management options to slow the spread of EAB populations in localized sites. In: Lance, David; Buck, James; Binion, Denise; Reardon, Richard; Mastro, Victor; compilers. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting: 20-21 October 2009; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2010-01, Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 39-40. Abstract.
  • Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2009. Anisotropic spread of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States. Biological Invasions 11: 2341-2350.
  • Nehme, M.E.; Keena, M.A.; Zhang, A.; Baker, T.C.; Xu, Z.; Hoover, K. 2010. Evaluating the use of male-produced pheromone components and plant volatiles in two trap designs to monitor Anoplophora glabripennis. Environmental Entomology 39: 169-176.
  • Nehme, Maya; Keena, Melody; Zhang, Aijun; Hoover, Kelli. 2009. Using Asian longhorned beetle male-produced pheromone and host volatiles for monitoring. In McManus, K.A.; Gottschalk, K.W.; eds. Proceedings, 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 90. Abstract.
  • Poland, Therese M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Grant, Gary G. 2010. Evaluation of traps and attractants for EAB: effects of trap color, placement, host volatiles, release rate and release devices on male and female responses. In: Lance, David; Buck, James; Binion, Denise; Reardon, Richard; Mastro, Victor; compilers. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting: 20-21 October 2009; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2010-01, Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 119. Abstract.
  • Poland, Therese M.; Pureswaran, Deepa S.; Chen, Yigen. 2009. Comparison of emerald ash borer preference for ash of different species, sun exposure, age, and stress treatments in relation to foliar volatiles and nutrition. In McManus, K.A.; Gottschalk K.W.; eds. Proceedings, 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 47-48. Abstract.
  • Colunga-Garia, Manuel; Magary, Roger A.; Haack, Robert A.; Gage, Stuart H.; Qi, Jiaquo. 2010. Enhancing early detection of exotic pests in agricultural and forest ecosystems using an urban-gradient framework. Ecological Applications 20: 303-310.
  • Crawford, Ralph Holiday; Miller, Gary W. 2010. The use of Forest Service experimental forests and ranges for long-term research on invasive species. In: Dix, Mary Ellen; Britton, Kerry O., eds. A dynamic invasive species research vision: Opportunities and priorities 2009-2029. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Research and Development; General Technical Report WO-79; 127-130.
  • Grant, Gary G.; Ryall, Krista L.; Lyons, D. Barry; Poland, Therese M. 2010. Response of male and female emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, to green leaf volatile and sesquiterpene lures. In: Lance, David; Buck, James; Binion, Denise; Reardon, Richard; Mastro, Victor; compilers. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting: 20-21 October 2009; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2010-01, Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 118. Abstract.
  • Huebner, Cynthia D. 2010. Spread of an invasive grass in closed-canopy deciduous forests across local and regional environmental gradients. Biological Invasions. 12: 2081-2089.
  • Keena, M.A.; Moore, P.M. 2010. Effects of temperature on Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae and pupae. Environmental Entomology. 39(4): 1323-1335.
  • Keena, Melody A.; Gould, Juli; Bauer, Leah S. 2009. Factors that influence emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) adult longevity and oviposition under laboratory conditions. In McManus, K.A.; Gottschalk, K.W.; eds. Proceedings, 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species, 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 81. Abstract.
  • Keena, Melody A.; Gould, Juli; Bauer, Leah S. 2010. Developing and effective and efficient rearing method for the emerald ash borer. In: Lance, David; Buck, James; Binion, Denise; Reardon, Richard; Mastro, Victor; compilers. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting: 20-21 October 2009; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2010-01, Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 33-34. Abstract.
  • Klepzig, K.D.; Poland, T.M.; Gillette, N.E.; Haack, R.A.; Keena, M.A.; Miller, D.R.; Montgomery, M.E.; Seybold, S.J.; Tobin, P.C. 2009. Forest Service R&D Invasive Insects: Visions for the Future. A Dynamic Invasive Species Research Vision: Opportunities and Priorities 2009 29:13-21.
  • McCullough, Deborah G.; Poland, Therese M.; Anulewicz, Andrea C.; Cappaert, David. 2009. Emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) attraction to stressed or baited ash trees. Environmental Entomology 38: 1668-1679.
  • McCullough, Deborah G.; Siegert, Nathan W.; Poland, T.M.; et al. 2010. Detection of a low density emerald ash borer infestation: trap design, placement, and ash distribution. In: Lance, David; Buck, James; Binion, Denise; Reardon, Richard; Mastro, Victor; compilers. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting: 20-21 October 2009; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2010-01, Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 116-117. Abstract.
  • Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Andrew M.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2009. Dispersal of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in newly-colonized sites. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 11: 421-424.
  • Poland, Therese M.; Pureswaran, Deepa S.; deGroot, Peter; et al. 2009. Evaluation of trap designs and host volatile combinations for attraction of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society 54: 20.
  • Rutledge, Claire E.; Keena, Melody A. 2010. Mating frequency and fecundity in the emerald ash borer. In: Lance, David; Buck, James; Binion, Denise; Reardon, Richard; Mastro, Victor; compilers. Emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting: 20-21 October 2009; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET-2010-01, Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 32. Abstract.
  • Siegert, Nathan W.; Mercader, Rodrigo J.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; et al. 2009. Manipulating spread and predicting dispersal of isolated emerald ash borer populations. In McManus, K.A.; Gottschalk K.W.; eds. Proceedings, 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 54-55. Abstract.


Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A series of studies were conducted to evaluate the host selection, mating behavior, and attraction of emerald ash borer (EAB) for use in developing management programs. Girdled trees generally captured more adult EAB and consistently had higher larval densities than untreated trees and at most sites than trees stressed with herbicides or methyl jasmonate. Differential attraction to girdled trees was more pronounced on sites with lower EAB populations. Rates of capture of adults and larval densities were higher on trees in full or nearly full sun than on shaded trees. Girdled trees can be a useful tool for detecting or managing localized EAB populations. Host selection and feeding behavior on different species of ash including Manchurian ash, green ash, white ash, black ash, blue ash, and European ash was compared. Beetles distributed themselves more frequently and fed to a greater extent on green, black, and white ash compared with blue, European, and Manchurian ash. Green ash has lower relative amounts of volatiles compared with Manchurian ash, which might render it more attractive and less resistant to EAB. Lower tolerance and resistance of green ash might make it more susceptible to mortality compared with Manchurian ash, which coevolved with the beetle in its native range. The relative importance of olfaction versus vision in the mate-finding behavior of emerald ash borer was investigated. Males whose antennae were blocked with model paint took significantly longer to find females and spent less time in copula compared to untreated males. Males whose eyes were similarly blocked did not differ in their mate finding capacity compared to untreated males. In a third experiment that compared both olfaction and vision, olfactorily impaired beetles never mated whereas the mate finding potential of visually impaired beetles did not differ from that of untreated beetles. Our results indicate that males can identify females before coming into physical contact with them, and that at short range (⿤5 cm), volatile cues detected by olfaction are involved in mate finding by EAB. Spatially implicit models that account for mating behavior of both sexes are used to explore the enhancement of mate location failure in pest eradication programs. The Allee effect emerges from a mechanistic representation of mate-location failure in our model. Three specific eradication strategies, sterile insect release, mass-trapping, and mating disruption, are incorporated into the model and tested for their ability to depress population growth during the early stages of invasions. Simulations indicated that: (1) many insect pests are more likely to be eradicated than had been previously predicted by classic models which do not account for mate-finding difficulties, (2) for Lepidopteran-like insects, mass-trapping has the greatest potential for eradication among the three methods when a large number of traps can be installed, although mating-disruption will be the most effective if we can anticipate confusion or trailmasking mechanisms of disruption, and (3) populations of Coleopteran-like insects may be most effectively eradicated using the sterile male release method. PARTICIPANTS: Michigan State University, Yale University, APHIS, S&PF Forest Health Protection, Canadian Forest Service, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Pennsylvania State University, University of Louisiana, Japanese Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences TARGET AUDIENCES: Policymakers, scientists, pest managers, quarantine/trade managers, forest and land managers

Impacts
Tools for identifying, detecting, and monitoring invasive species are critical for the development of management programs for their eradication and control. The work with EAB has resulted in the knowledge necessary to develop risk rating methods and trap tree techniques for detection and monitoring. These pieces have been implemented into the Slowing Ash Mortality management demonstration project. Similarly, models to investigate potential management actions incorporating biological information will allow better management decisions to be made.

Publications

  • Bjørnstad, Ottar N.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Johnson, Derek M. 2008. Transient synchronization following invasion: revisiting Moran⿿s model and a case study. Population Ecology 50: 379-389.
  • Chen, Yigen; Poland, Therese M. 2009. Interactive influence of leaf age, light intensity, and girdling on green ash foliar chemistry and emerald ash borer development. Journal of Chemical Ecology 35: 806-815.
  • Foottit, R.G.; Maw, H.E.L.; Havill, N.P.; Ahern, R.G.; Montgomery, M.E. 2009. DNA barcodes to identify species and explore diversity in the Adelgidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphidoidea). Molecular Ecology Resources 9(Suppl. 1): 188-195.
  • Haack Robert A.; Petrice, Toby R.; Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. 2008. What is inside the firewood confiscated at the Mackinac Bridge? Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society 53(3 & 4): 43.
  • Liebhold, Andrew M.; Tobin, Patrick C. 2009. Population ecology of managing insect invasions, pp. 33-45. In Hajek, Ann E.; Glare, Travis R.; O⿿Callaghan, Maureen, eds. Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods. Springer; New York.
  • McCullough, Deborah G.; Poland, Therese M.; Cappaert, David. 2009. Attraction of the emerald ash borer to ash trees stressed by girdling, herbicide treatment, or wounding. Can. J. For. Res. 39(7): 1331â⿬⿿1345.
  • Nehme, Maya; Hoover, Kelli; Keena, Melody. 2009. Beetle body odor brings them out of the woodwork. News Quarterly, New England Society of American Foresters 70(3): 6-7.
  • Nehme, Maya; Keena, Melody A.; Zhang, Aijun; Hoover, Kelli. 2009. Field bioassays on the Asian longhorned beetle male-produced pheromone. In: McManus, Katherine; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, 19th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2008: 2008 January 8-11; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-36. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 55. Abstract
  • Pureswaran, Deepa S.; Poland, Therese M. 2009. The role of olfactory cues in short-range mate finding by the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Journal of Insect Behavior. 22: 205-216.
  • Yamanaka, Takehiko; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2009. Spatially implicit approaches to understand the manipulation of mating success for insect invasion management. Population Ecology. 51: 427-444.
  • Poland, Therese M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Anulewicz, Andrea C.; Cappaert, David L. 2008. Attraction of emerald ash borer to current-year and previous-year girdled trap trees. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society 53(3 & 4): 44.
  • Pureswaran, Deepa S.; Poland, Therese M. 2009. Host selection and feeding preference of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on ash (Fraxinus spp.). Environmental Entomology. 38(3): 757-765.