MANAGING COMPLEX LANDSCAPES IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

• Sponsoring Institution: Forest Service/USDA
• Project Status: EXTENDED
• Funding Source: USDA INHOUSE
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 0413560
• Project Start Date: Oct 1, 2009
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2022
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION
240 WEST PROSPECT ROAD
FORT COLLINS,CO 80526-2098

Performing Department
(N/A)

Non Technical Summary
Develop, assess, and provide scientific knowledge of vegetation treatments to restore and promote the resiliency and productivity of complex landscapes under changing environmental conditions and conflicting societal priorities

Animal Health Component

80%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

0%

Applied

80%

Developmental

20%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
123	0612	1070	10%
123	0612	2090	10%
123	0622	1070	10%
123	0720	1070	10%
132	0430	1070	10%
132	0430	1080	10%
202	0612	1080	10%
202	0622	1080	10%
211	0612	1130	10%
212	0612	1160	10%

Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 211 - Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants; 132 - Weather and Climate; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 123 - Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
0612 - Conifer forests of the West; 0622 - Broadleaf forests of the West; 0430 - Climate; 0720 - Pinyon-juniper;

Field Of Science
2090 - Statistics, econometrics, and biometrics; 1130 - Entomology and acarology; 1070 - Ecology; 1160 - Pathology; 1080 - Genetics;

Keywords

exotic disease

fire risk

native disease

positions

climate

climate change

conservation

dendrochronology

disturbances

dynamics

ecological genetics

ecosystem processes

forest resources

insects

population

regeneration

Goals / Objectives
FWE develops effective applied management methods, systems, and strategies to maintain productive, resilient ecosystems and to address present and future management needs with science-management partnerships. Unlike the early 1990s when timber production dominated forest management decision-making and silviculture in the western U.S., todayâ¿¿s social and economic priorities for forest management, such as mitigating risk of catastrophic wildfire, restoring fire-adapted ecosystems, creating resilient landscapes, conserving old growth, and producing forest products, wildlife habitat, recreation opportunities, and water resources, are evolving and often conflict with one another. Furthermore, management strategies are now needed for ecosystems such as pinyon-juniper and lodgepole pine that were not previously managed for timber production. It has also become increasingly difficult to develop effective solutions to complex resource management challenges because of dynamic environmental conditions and changing disturbance regimes, driven in part by changing climate and human activities.

Project Methods
FWE researchers embrace a model of co-creation in which we partner directly with managers to jointly develop research priorities and projects, appropriate to current conditions, and to ensure that the research results are directly relevant and applicable to present-day, real-world management needs.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 22 papers were published during FY20 under Problem 4. Important highlights were in the areas of vegetation management, fire, insects and disease, and climate change. They include: Vegetation Management: Operationalizing the concepts of resilience and resistance for managing ecosystems and species at risk; improving overstory tree resistance with restoration treatments in a PIPO /Douglas-fir forest; understanding and managing the dry conifer forests of NE CA; an overview of proactive limber pine conservation strategy for the Greater RM National Park Area; prioritizing management of high elevation five-needle pines; the impact of climate change on forest systems in the N US--Projections and implications for forest management; advances in understanding canopy development in forest trees; collaborations to understand forest responses to land management with the NA Long-Term Soil Productivity study; multidecadal growth of western white pine and interior Douglas-fir following site preparation; sharing the load to develop young-growth silviculture for forage and biodiversity in southeast AK; and N CA plateaus bioregion science synthesis; structural and compositional responses to thinning over 50 years in moist forest of the N RM; Stem-maps of forest restoration cuttings in PIPO-dominated forests in the Interior West, Fire: Wildfire-driven forest conversion in western North American landscapes; boreal forest vegetation and fuel conditions 12 years after the 2004 Taylor Complex fires in AK; drivers of PIPO regeneration following wildfire in the western US; Insects and Disease: Advances in understanding and managing insect pests of forest trees. Climate change: A changing climate is snuffing out post-fire recovery in Montana forests. PARTICIPANTS: Arizona State University; Colorado State University; Oregon State University; Michigan Technological University, Montana State University, Northern Arizona University, University of Arizona, University of Colorado, University of Idaho, University of Missouri, Utah State University, and Washington State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Forest Service National Forests; Federal, State, and private land holders

Impacts
These activities and publications help land managers understand how potential changes will affect current and future forests and watersheds and how their actions can be modified to effect desired changes

Publications

• Bentz, Barbara J.; Bonello, Pierluigi.; Delb, Horst.; Fettig, Christopher J.; Poland, Therese.; Pureswaran, Deepa.; Seybold, Steve J. 2019. Advances in understanding and managing insect pests of forest trees. In: Stanturf, J., ed. Achieving sustainable management of boreal and temperate forests. Cambridge: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Ltd: 515-585.
• Chambers, Jeanne C.; Allen, Craig R.; Cushman, Samuel A. 2020. Editorial: Operationalizing the concepts of resilience and resistance for managing ecosystems and species at risk. In: Chambers, Jeanne C.; Allen, Craig R.; Cushman, Samuel A., eds. Operationalizing the concepts of resilience and resistance for managing ecosystems and species at risk. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 8: 168.
• Chambers, Jeanne C.; Allen, Craig R.; Cushman, Samuel A., eds. 2020. Operationalizing the concepts of resilience and resistance for managing ecosystems and species at risk. Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Media SA. 223 p.
• Cherico, Jonathan R.; Nelson, Andrew S.; Jain, Teresa B.; Graham, Russell T. 2020. Multidecadal growth of western white pine and interior Douglas-fir following site preparation. Forests. 11: 509.
• Coop, Jonathan D.; Parks, Sean A.; Stevens-Rumann, Camille S.; Crausbay, Shelley D.; Higuera, Philip E.; Hurteau, Matthew D.; Tepley, Alan; Whitman, Ellen; Assal, Timothy; Collins, Brandon M.; Davis, Kimberley T.; Dobrowski, Solomon; Falk, Donald A.; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Fule, Peter Z.; Harvey, Brian J.; Kane, Van R.; Littlefield, Caitlin E.; Margolis, Ellis Q.; North, Malcolm; Parisien, Marc-Andre; Prichard, Susan; Rodman, Kyle C. 2020. Wildfire-driven forest conversion in western North American landscapes. BioScience. BioScience. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biaa061.
• Crotteau, Justin S.; Keyes, Christopher R. 2020. Restoration treatments improve overstory tree resistance attributes and growth in a ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest. Forests. 11: 574.
• Crotteau, Justin S.; McClellan, Michael H.; De Santo, Toni L.; Spores, Sheila R.; Barnard, Jeffrey C. 2020. Sharing the load to develop young-growth silviculture for forage and biodiversity in southeast Alaska. In: Pile, Lauren S.; Deal, Robert L.; Dey, Daniel C.; Gwaze, David; Kabrick, John M.; Palik, Brian J.; Schuler, Thomas M., comps. The 2019 National Silviculture Workshop: a focus on forest management-research partnerships. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-193. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 170-192. https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-GTR-P-193-paper24.
• Dumroese, R. K.; Moser, W. K., eds. 2020. Northeastern California plateaus bioregion science synthesis. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-409. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 210 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-409
• Haessig, Polly; Overby, Steven. 2018. Fossil Creek Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive River Management Plan: Geology report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Coconino National Forest, Red Rock Ranger District; Tonto National Forest, Payson Ranger District. 33 p.
• Hammond, Darcy H.; Strand, Eva K.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Newingham, Beth A. 2019. Boreal forest vegetation and fuel conditions 12 years after the 2004 Taylor Complex fires in Alaska, USA. Fire Ecology. 15: 32.
• Korb, Julie E.; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Stevens-Rumann, Camille S. 2019. What drives ponderosa pine regeneration following wildfire in the western United States? Forest Ecology and Management. 454: 117663.
• Moser, W. Keith. 2020. Understanding and managing the dry conifer forests of Northeastern California [Chapter 2.1]. In: Dumroese, R. K.; Moser, W. K., eds. Northeastern California plateaus bioregion science synthesis. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-409. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 14-44.
• Moser, W. Keith; Butler-Leopold, Patricia; Hausman, Constance; Iverson, Louise; Ontl, Todd; Brand, Leslie; Matthews, Stephen; Peters, Matthew; Prasad, Anantha. 2020. The impact of climate change on forest systems in the northern United States: Projections and implications for forest management [Chapter 8]. In: Stanturf, John A., ed. Achieving sustainable management of boreal and temperate forests. Cambridge, UK: Burleigh and Dodds Science Publishing. p 239-290.
• Moser, W. Keith; Coble, Adam P.; Hallik, Lea; Richardson, Andrew D.; Pisek, Jan; Adamson, Kairi; Graham, Russell T.; Moser, Cynthia F. 2020. Advances in understanding canopy development in forest trees [Chapter 3]. In: Stanturf, John A., ed. Achieving sustainable management of boreal and temperate forests. Cambridge, UK: Burleigh and Dodds Science Publishing. p. 59-98.
• Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. 2020. The North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study: collaborations to understand forest responses to land management. In: Pile, Lauren S.; Deal, Robert L.; Dey, Daniel C.; Gwaze, David; Kabrick, John M.; Palik, Brian J.; Schuler, Thomas M., comps. The 2019 National Silviculture Workshop: a focus on forest management-research partnerships. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-193. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 53-61. https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-GTR-P-193-paper8.
• Rodman, Kyle C.; Veblen, Thomas T.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Chambers, Marin E.; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Holden, Zachary A.; Kolb, Thomas E.; Ouzts, Jessica R.; Rother, Monica T. 2020. A changing climate is snuffing out post-fire recovery in montane forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography. doi: 10.1111/geb.13174.
• Roybal, Marcos; Munding, Elizabeth; Runyon, Tom; Agyagos, Janie; O⿿Neill, Matt; Neff, Ted; Barnett, Adam; Overby, Steve; Belcher, Sarah; Waltz, Kristen; Branton, Nicole; Hom, Debbie; Fredrickson, Bjorn; Koh, Kyung; McGervey, Patrick; Minor, Charlotte; Burns, Jennifer; Vogel, Larry; Bone, Travis; Sena, Amina; Adams, Judy; Loomis, Grant; Steinke, Rory; Childs, Mike; Moser, Laura; Cress, Debbie; Haessig, Polly; Schwab, Mark. 2018. Fossil Creek Wild and Scenic River: Draft Comprehensive River Management Plan. Flagstaff, AZ: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Coconino National Forest. 157 p.
• Roybal, Marcos; Munding, Elizabeth; Runyon, Tom; Agyagos, Janie; O⿿Neill, Matt; Neff, Ted; Barnett, Adam; Overby, Steve; Belcher, Sarah; Waltz, Kristen; Branton, Nicole; Hom, Debbie; Fredrickson, Bjorn; Koh, Kyung; McGervey, Patrick; Minor, Charlotte; Burns, Jennifer; Vogel, Larry; Bone, Travis; Sena, Amina; Adams, Judy; Loomis, Grant; Steinke, Rory; Childs, Mike; Moser, Laura; Cress, Debbie; Haessig, Polly; Schwab, Mark. 2018. Fossil Creek Wild and Scenic River: Draft environmental impact statement for the Comprehensive River Management Plan. Flagstaff, AZ: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Coconino National Forest. 433 p.
• Schoettle, Anna W.; Burns, Kelly S.; Cleaver, Christy M.; Verhulst, Brian; Connor, J. Jeff. 2020. Proactive limber pine conservation strategy for the Greater Rocky Mountain National Park Area - an overview. Nutcracker Notes. 38: 15-16, 30.
• Schoettle, Anna. 2019. Taking the long view and acting now - prioritizing management of high elevation five-needle pines. Mountain Views (CIRMOUNT). 13(2): 2-7.
• Shen, Chenchen; Nelson, Andrew S.; Jain, Terrie B.; Foard, Meghan B.; Graham, Russell T. 2019. Structural and compositional responses to thinning over 50 years in moist forest of the Northern Rocky Mountains. Forest Science. 65(5): 626-636.
• Ziegler, Justin P.; Hoffman, Chad M.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Mell, William. 2019. Stem-maps of forest restoration cuttings in Pinus ponderosa-dominated forests in the Interior West, USA. Data. 4(2): 68-74.

Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/19

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 38 papers were published during FY18 in Problem 4. Important highlights were in the areas of vegetation management, climate change, modeling, fire, insects and disease, genetics, and wildlife: Vegetation Management: Development of a proactive limber pine conservation strategy for the Greater RM National Park Area; identifying old trees to inform ecological restoration in montane forests of the central RM; operationalizing ecological resilience concepts for managing species and ecosystems at risk; growing stock levels in the Black Hills; offering biochar as a suitable replacement for Sphagnum peat in nursery production of Ponderosa Pine seedlings; management of forests and forest carnivores: relating landscape mosaics to habitat quality of Canada lynx at their range periphery; tree and opening spatial patterns in two old-growth remnant ponderosa pine forests in N. AZ; and answering questions on whether to masticate or not in forest, woodland, and shrubland vegetation Climate change: A preliminary assessment of species distribution models for Armillaria solidipes in WY; climate change effects on ecological disturbance in the N. Rockies; climate, environment, and disturbance history govern resilience of Western NA forests; initiating climate adaptation in a western larch forest. Wildlife: An assessment of the relationship between landscape, gene flow, and range expansion of a Mediterranean carnivore; managing emerging threats to spotted owls; integrating Sunda clouded leopard conservation into Borneo development and restoration planning; the contrasting use of habitat, landscape elements, and corridors by grey wolf and golden jackal in central Iran; and tools to describe terrestrial gastropod species richness on a montane landscape. Modeling: Niche modeling of three sympatric felids of conservation importance in central Iran; modeling historical range of variability and alternative management scenarios in the upper Yuba River watershed, Tahoe National Forest, CA; a futures project that anticipates changes and challenges facing forests of the northern US; a review and future directions for applications of the US FIA dataset; an approach for modeling and quantifying traffic-induced processes and changes in forest road aggregate particle-size distributions; a population genetic model for high elevation five-needle pine; and modeling mountain pine beetle oviposition; improving habitat and connectivity model predictions with multi-scale resource selection functions from two geographic areas. Fire: A Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment⿿A Plan for Integrated, Large Fire⿿Atmosphere Field Campaigns; recent and projected future wildfire trends across the ranges of three spotted owl subspecies under climate change; characterizing persistent unburned islands within the Inland NW USA; an assessment of fire refugia importance criteria ranked by land managers; indicators of burn severity at extended temporal scales: a decade of ecosystem response in mixed-conifer forests of W. MT Insects and Disease: Development of tools for early detection, monitoring and management of the koa wilt pathogen in Hawaií; mountain pine beetle in CO: A story of changing forests; biological aspects of mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine stands of different densities in CO; Genetics: Tracing footprints of a moving hybrid zone under a demographic history of speciation with gene flow; and population projections and resistance gene frequencies in the presence of white pine blister rust PARTICIPANTS: Arizona State University; Colorado State University; Oregon State University; Michigan Technological University, Montana State University, Northern Arizona University, University of Arizona, University of Colorado, University of Idaho, University of Missouri, Utah State University, and Washington State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Forest Service National Forests; Federal, State, and private land holders PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Loss of 1 research ecologist

Impacts
These activities and publications help land managers understand how potential changes will affect current and future forests and watersheds and how their actions can be modified to effect desired changes

Publications

• Tinkham, Wade T.; Mahoney, Patrick R.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Domke, Grant M.; Falkowski, Mike J.; Woodall, Chris W.; Smith, Alistair M. S. 2018. Applications of the United States Forest Inventory and Analysis dataset: A review and future directions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 48: 1251-1268.
• Wan, Ho Yi; Cushman, Samuel A.; Ganey, Joseph L. 2019. Improving habitat and connectivity model predictions with multi-scale resource selection functions from two geographic areas. Landscape Ecology. 34: 503-519.
• Wan, Ho Yi; Cushman, Samuel A.; Ganey, Joseph L. 2019. Recent and projected future wildfire trends across the ranges of three spotted owl subspecies under climate change. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7: 37.
• Schoettle, Anna W.; Burns, Kelly S.; Cleaver, Christy M.; Connor, J. Jeff. 2019. Proactive limber pine conservation strategy for the Greater Rocky Mountain National Park Area. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-379. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 81 p.
• Shahnaseri, Gilda; Hemami, Mahmoud-Reza; Khosravi, Rasoul; Malakoutikhah, Shima; Omidi, Maryam; Cushman, Samuel A. 2019. Contrasting use of habitat, landscape elements, and corridors by grey wolf and golden jackal in central Iran. Landscape Ecology. doi:10.1007/s10980-019-00831-w.
• Shifley, Stephen R.; Moser, W. Keith; Goerndt, Michael E.; Song, Nianfu; Nelson, Mark D.; Nowak, David J.; Miles, Patrick D.; Butler, Brett J.; DeSantis, Ryan D.; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Tavernia, Brian G. 2014. Futures project anticipates changes and challenges facing forests of the northern United States. In: Groninger, John W.; Holzmueller, Eric J.; Nielsen, Clayton K.; Dey, Daniel C., eds. Proceedings, 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2014 March 10-12; Carbondale, IL. General Technical Report NRS-P-142. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 16-17.
• Wan, Ho Yi; Ganey, Joseph L.; Vojta, Christina D.; Cushman, Samuel A. 2018. Managing emerging threats to spotted owls. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 82(4): 682-697.
• Barros, Tania; Carvalho, Joao; Fonseca, Carlos; Cushman, Samuel A. 2019. Assessing the complex relationship between landscape, gene flow, and range expansion of a Mediterranean carnivore. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 65: 44.
• Brown, Peter M.; Gannon, Benjamin; Battaglia, Mike A.; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Huckaby, Laurie S.; Cheng, Antony S.; Baggett, L. Scott. 2019. Identifying old trees to inform ecological restoration in montane forests of the central Rocky Mountains, USA. Tree-Ring Research. 75(1): 34-48.
• Chambers, Jeanne C.; Allen, Craig R.; Cushman, Samuel A. 2019. Operationalizing ecological resilience concepts for managing species and ecosystems at risk. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7: 241.
• Crookston, Nicholas L. 2014. Climate-FVS Version 2: Content, users guide, applications, and behavior. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-319. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 38 p.
• Crotteau, Justin S; Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy; Jain, Theresa B; Wright, David K; Jenkins, Melissa M; Keyes, Christopher R; Nagel, Linda M. 2019. Initiating climate adaptation in a western larch forest. Forest Science. 65(4): 528-536.
• Dobbs, John T.; Kim, Mee-Sook; Dudley, Nicklos S.; Jones, Tyler C.; Dumroese, R. Kasten; Cannon, Phil G.; Hauff, Robert D.; Klopfenstein, Ned B.; Stewart, Jane E. 2019. Development of tools for early detection, monitoring and management of the koa wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. koae) in Hawaiíi. In: Cleaver, C.; Palacious, P., compilers. Proceedings of the 65th annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference; 2-6 October 2017; Parksville, BC, Canada. WIFDWC. p. 105-108.
• Dumroese, R. Kasten; Pinto, Jeremiah R.; Heiskanen, Juha; Tervahauta, Arja; McBurney, Katherine G.; Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.; Englund, Karl. 2018. Biochar can be a suitable replacement for Sphagnum peat in nursery production of Pinus ponderosa seedlings. Forests. 9: 232.
• Graham, Russell T.; Asherin, Lance A.; Jain, Theresa B.; Baggett, L. Scott; Battaglia, Michael A. 2019. Differing ponderosa pine forest structures, their growth and yield, and mountain pine beetle impacts: Growing stock levels in the Black Hills. RMRS-GTR-393. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 102 p.
• Hanna, John W.; Blodgett, James T.; Pitman, Eric W. I.; Ashiglar, Sarah M.; Lundquist, John E.; Kim, Mee-Sook; Ross-Davis, Amy L.; Klopfenstein, Ned B. 2014. Climate-based species distribution models for Armillaria solidipes in Wyoming: A preliminary assessment. In: Chadwick, K.; Palacios, P., comps. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference; October 6-11, 2013; Waterton Lakes National Park; AB, Canada. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection. p. 117-120.
• Hessburg, Paul F.; Miller, Carol L.; Parks, Sean A.; Povak, Nicholas A.; Taylor, Alan H.; Higuera, Philip E.; Prichard, Susan J.; North, Malcolm P.; Collins, Brandon M.; Hurteau, Matthew D.; Larson, Andrew J.; Allen, Craig D.; Stephens, Scott L.; Rivera-Huerta, Hiram; Stevens-Rumann, Camille S.; Daniels, Lori D.; Gedalof, Ze'ev; Gray, Robert W.; Kane, Van R.; Churchill, Derek J.; Hagmann, R. Keala; Spies, Thomas A.; Cansler, C. Alina; Belote, R. Travis; Veblen, Thomas T.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Hoffman, Chad; Skinner, Carl N.; Safford, Hugh D.; Salter, R. Brion. 2019. Climate, environment, and disturbance history govern resilience of Western North American forests. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7: 11770. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00239
• Holbrook, Joseph D.; Squires, John R.; Bollenbacher, Barry; Graham, Russ; Olson, Lucretia E.; Hanvey, Gary; Jackson, Scott; Lawrence, Rick L.; Savage, Shannon L. 2019. Management of forests and forest carnivores: Relating landscape mosaics to habitat quality of Canada lynx at their range periphery. Forest Ecology and Management. 437: 411-425.
• Iniguez, Jose M.; Fowler, James F.; Moser, W. Keith; Sieg, Carolyn H.; Baggett, L. Scott; Shin, Patrick. 2019. Tree and opening spatial patterns vary by tree density in two old-growth remnant ponderosa pine forests in Northern Arizona, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 450: 117502.
• Jain, Theresa Beneavidez. 2019. The 21st Century silviculturist. Journal of Forestry. 2019: 417-424.
• Jain, Theresa; Sikkink, Pamela; Keefe, Robert; Byrne, John. 2018. To masticate or not: Useful tips for treating forest, woodland, and shrubland vegetation. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-381. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 55 p.
• Kaszta, Zaneta; Cushman, Samuel A.; Hearn, Andrew J.; Burnham, Dawn; Macdonald, Ewan A.; Goossens, Benoit; Nathan, Senthilvel K. S. S.; Macdonald, David W. 2019. Integrating Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) conservation into development and restoration planning in Sabah (Borneo). Biological Conservation. 235: 63-76.
• McGarigal, Kevin; Mallek, Maritza; Estes, Becky; Tierney, Marilyn; Walsh, Terri; Thane, Travis; Safford, Hugh; Cushman, Samuel A. 2018. Modeling historical range of variability and alternative management scenarios in the upper Yuba River watershed, Tahoe National Forest, California. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-385. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Stations. 346 p.
• McManis, Anne E.; Powell, James A.; Bentz, Barbara J. 2019. Modeling mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) oviposition. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. doi: 10.1111/eea.12783.
• Khosravi, Rasoul; Hemami, Mahmoud-Reza; Cushman, Samuel A. 2019. Multi-scale niche modeling of three sympatric felids of conservation importance in central Iran. Landscape Ecology. doi: 10.1007/s10980-019-00900-0.
• Lewis, Sarah A.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Robichaud, Peter R.; Morgan, Penelope; Satterberg, Kevin L.; Strand, Eva K.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Zamudio, Joseph A.; Lentile, Leigh B. 2017. Indicators of burn severity at extended temporal scales: a decade of ecosystem response in mixed-conifer forests of western Montana. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 26: 755-771.
• Loehman, Rachel A.; Bentz, Barbara J.; DeNitto, Gregg A.; Keane, Robert E.; Manning, Mary E.; Duncan, Jacob P.; Egan, Joel M.; Jackson, Marcus B.; Kegley, Sandra; Lockman, I. Blakey; Pearson, Dean E.; Powell, James A.; Shelly, Steve; Steed, Brytten E.; Zambino, Paul J. 2018. Effects of climate change on ecological disturbance in the Northern Rockies Region [Chapter 7]. In: Halofsky Jessica; Peterson David L., eds. Climate Change and Rocky Mountain Ecosystems. Advances in Global Change Research, Vol. 63. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. p. 115-153.
• Loehman, Rachel A.; Bentz, Barbara J.; DeNitto, Gregg A.; Keane, Robert E.; Manning, Mary E.; Duncan, Jacob P.; Egan, Joel M.; Jackson, Marcus B.; Kegley, Sandra; Lockman, I. Blakey; Pearson, Dean E.; Powell, James A.; Shelly, Steve; Steed, Brytten E.; Zambino, Paul J. 2018. Effects of climate change on ecological disturbance in the Northern Rockies Region [Chapter 8]. In: Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L.; Dante-Wood, S. Karen; Hoang, Linh; Ho, Joanne J.; Joyce, Linda A., eds. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the Northern Rocky Mountains [Part 2]. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-374. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 317-352.
• Martinez, Anthony J.; Meddens, Arjan J. H.; Kolden, Crystal A.; Strand, Eva K.; Hudak, Andrew T. 2019. Characterizing persistent unburned islands within the Inland Northwest USA. Fire Ecology. 15: 20.
• Martinez, Anthony; Meddens, Arjan; Kolden, Crystal; Hudak, Andrew. 2019. An assessment of fire refugia importance criteria ranked by land managers. Fire. 2: 27.
• Menon, Mitra; Landguth, Erin; Leal⿐Saenz, Alejandro; Bagley, Justin C.; Schoettle, Anna W.; Wehenkel, Christian; Flores⿐Renteria, Lluvia; Cushman, Samuel A.; Waring, Kristen M.; Eckert, Andrew J. 2019. Tracing the footprints of a moving hybrid zone under a demographic history of speciation with gene flow. Evolutionary Application. 2019: 1-15.
• Negron, Jose F. 2019. Biological aspects of mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine stands of different densities in Colorado, USA. Forests. 10: 18.
• Negron, Jose F.; Cain, Bob. 2018. Mountain pine beetle in Colorado: A story of changing forests. Journal of Forestry. doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvy032.
• Penaluna, Brooke E.; Abadía-Cardoso, Alicia; Dunham, Jason B.; García-Dé León, Francisco J.; Gresswell, Robert E.; Luna, Arturo Ruiz; Taylor, Eric B.; Shepard, Bradley B.; Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Bestgen, Kevin R.; Rogers, Kevin; Escalante, Marco A.; Keeley, Ernest R.; Temple, Gabriel M.; Williams, Jack E.; Matthews, Kathleen R.; Pierce, Ron; Mayden, Richard L.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Garza, John Carlos; Fausch, Kurt D. 2016. Conservation of native Pacific trout diversity in Western North America. Fisheries. 41(6): 286-300.
• Prichard, Susan; Larkin, N.; Ottmar, Roger; French, Nancy; Baker, Kirk; Brown, Tim; Clements, Craig; Dickinson, Matt; Hudak, Andrew; Kochanski, Adam; Linn, Rod; Liu, Yongqiang; Potter, Brian; Mell, William; Tanzer, Danielle; Urbanski, Shawn; Watts, Adam. 2019. The fire and smoke model evaluation experiment⿿a plan for integrated, large fire⿿atmosphere field campaigns. Atmosphere. 10(2): 66-. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020066.
• Rhee, Hakjun; Fridley, James; Chung, Woodam; Page-Dumroese, Deborah. 2019. An approach for modeling and quantifying traffic-induced processes and changes in forest road aggregate particle-size distributions. Forests. 10: 769.
• Schoettle, A. W.; Klutsch, J. G.; Antolin, M. F.; Field, S. 2018. Population projections and resistance gene frequencies in the presence of white pine blister rust: A population genetic model for high elevation five-needle pines. In: Schoettle, Anna W.; Sniezko, Richard A.; Kliejunas, John T., eds. Proceedings of the IUFRO joint conference: Genetics of five-needle pines, rusts of forest trees, and Strobusphere; 2014 June 15-20; Fort Collins, CO. Proc. RMRS-P-76. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 102-103.
• Swetnam, T. W.; Margolis, E. Q.; Lynch, A. M. 2014. Performance report: Dendrochronologic detection of forest insect outbreaks. RJVA 12-Jv-11221633-161: University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 5 p.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
OUTPUT: A total of 54 papers were published during FY17 in Problem 4. Important highlights in this problem area include the short-term ecological consequences of collaborative restoration treatments in ponderosa pine forests of Colorado; an understanding of the severity of the 2002 Hayman Fire, Colorado; Mountain pine beetle dynamics and reproductive success in post-fire lodgepole and ponderosa pine forests in northeastern Utah; an improved canopy wind model for predicting wind adjustment factors and wildland fire behavior; and using winter bait stations as a multispecies survey tool. PARTICIPANTS: Arizona State University; Colorado State University; Oregon State University; Michigan Technological University, Montana State University, Northern Arizona University, University of Arizona, University of Colorado, University of Idaho, University of Missouri, Utah State University, and Washington State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Forest Service National Forests; Federal, State, and private land holders PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Loss of 1 research ecologist

Impacts
These activities and publications help land managers understand how potential changes will affect current and future forests and watersheds and how their actions can be modified to effect desired changes

Publications

• Briggs, Jennifer S.; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Feinstein, Jonas A. 2017. Short-term ecological consequences of collaborative restoration treatments in ponderosa pine forests of Colorado. Forest Ecology and Management. 395: 69-80.
• Bright, Benjamin C.; Loudermilk, E. Louise; Pokswinski, Scott M.; Hudak, Andrew T.; O'Brien, Joseph J. 2016. Introducing close-range photogrammetry for characterizing forest understory plant diversity and surface fuel structure at fine scales. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 42(5): 460-472.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Landguth, Erin L. 2016. Spatially heterogeneous environmental selection strengthens evolution of reproductively isolated populations in a Dobzhansky-Muller system of hybrid incompatibility. Frontiers in Genetics. 7: Article 209.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Macdonald, Ewan A.; Landguth, Erin L.; Malhi, Yadvinder; Macdonald, David W. 2017. Multiple-scale prediction of forest loss risk across Borneo. Landscape Ecology. doi: 10.1007/s10980-017-0520-0.
• Fornwalt, Paula J.; Rocca, Monique E.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Rhoades, Charles C.; Ryan, Michael G. 2017. Mulching fuels treatments promote understory plant communities in three Colorado, USA, coniferous forest types. Forest Ecology and Management. 385: 214-224.
• Hudak, Andrew T.; Loudermilk, E. Louise; White, Joanne C. 2016. Introduction to special issue on remote sensing for advanced forest inventory. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 42(5): 397-399.
• Massman, W. J.; Forthofer, J. M.; Finney, M. A. 2017. An improved canopy wind model for predicting wind adjustment factors and wildland fire behavior. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 47: 594-603.
• Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.; Coleman, Mark D.; Thomas, Sean C. 2017. Opportunities and uses of biochar on forest sites in North America [Chapter 15]. In: Bruckman, Viktor; Varol, Esin Apaydin; Uzun, Basak; Liu, Jay, eds. Biochar: A Regional Supply Chain Approach in View of Climate Change Mitigation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 315-335.
• Puyravaud, J.-P.; Cushman, S. A.; Davidar, P.; Madappa, D. 2016. Predicting landscape connectivity for the Asian elephant in its largest remaining subpopulation. Animal Conservation. doi: 10.1111/acv.12314.
• Schoettle, Anna W. 2016. The growing knowledge base for limber pine - recent advances. Nutcracker Notes. 31: 1, 4-6.
• Sieg, Carolyn H. 2016. The ecological importance of mixed-severity fires: Nature's phoenix [Book Review]. Forest Science. 62(6): 710-711.
• Silva, Carlos A.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Vierling, Lee A.; Loudermilk, E. Louise; O'Brien, Joseph J.; Hiers, J. Kevin; Jack, Steve B.; Gonzalez-Benecke, Carlos; Lee, Heezin; Falkowski, Michael J.; Khosravipour, Anahita. 2016. Imputation of individual longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) tree attributes from field and LiDAR data. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 42(5): 554-573.

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 80 papers were published during FY15 in Problem 4. Important highlights in this problem area include restoration planting options for limber pine in S. Rocky Mountains, the use of biological control to preserve native forests, integrating concepts of landscape ecology with molecular biology of forest pathogens, evaluating future management strategies for resilient forests under a warming climate, an ArcGIS toolbox for surface gradient and geomorphometric modeling. PARTICIPANTS: Arizona State University; Colorado State University; Oregon State University; Michigan Technological University, Montana State University, Northern Arizona University, University of Arizona, University of Colorado, University of Idaho, University of Missouri, Utah State University, and Washington State University TARGET AUDIENCES: Forest Service National Forests, and Federal, State, and private land holders; PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Loss of 8 scientists

Impacts
These activities and publications help land managers understand how potential changes will affect current and future forests and watersheds and how their actions can be modified to effect desired changes

Publications

• Brown, Peter M.; Battaglia, Michael A.; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Gannon, Benjamin; Huckaby, Laurie S.; Julian, Chad; Cheng, Antony S. 2015. Historical (1860) forest structure in ponderosa pine forests of the northern Front Range, Colorado. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 45: 1462-1473.
• Hoffman, Christ W.; Mathiasen, Robert L.; Hofstetter, Richard W.; Fairweather, Mary Lou; Shaw, John D.; Hanna, John W.; Klopfenstein, Ned B. 2014. Survey for Armillaria by plant associations in northern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. 45(2): 76-86.
• Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Moser, W. Keith; Hansen, Mark H.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Sowers, Paul A.; Dockry, Michael J.; Emery, Marla R.; Woodall, Christopher W.; Walters, Brian F.; Domke, Grant M.; Gilbert, Jonathan; Wrobel, Alexandra. 2015. Forest resources within the Lake States ceded territories 1980 - 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-96. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 89 p. [CD-ROM included].
• Miles, Patrick D.; Huggett, Robert J., Jr.; Moser, W. Keith. 2015. Northern Forest Futures reporting tools and database guide. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-150. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 48 p.
• Moser, W. Keith; Hansen, Mark H.; Gormanson, Dale; Gilbert, Jonathan; Wrobel, Alexandra; Emery, Marla R.; Dockry, Michael J. 2015. Paper birch (Wiigwaas) of the Lake States, 1980-2010. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-149. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 37 p.
• Muller, Jacob John. 2014. Developing strategies to initialize landscape-scale vegetation maps from FIA data to enhance resolution of individual species-size cohort representation in the landscape disturbance model SIMPPLLE. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. Thesis. 57 p.

Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 45 publications were produced in FY14 in the problem area of managing complex landscapes in a changing environment. Highlights include landscape-level modeling for bark beetle dynamics, several studies on wildlife population connectivity, a range-wide restoration strategy for white bark pine, an invasive species visionary whitepaper, a study on the effects of temperature on insects and bumble bee community structures, along with the implications for protection of ancient bark peeled trees. PARTICIPANTS: The Proactive Strategy Team, composed of RMRS, FHP and NFS members, was awarded the USFS National Forest System Excellence in Invasive Species Innovative Control and Management Award in 2011 (awarded in March 2012).Participants included both land managers and scientists. TARGET AUDIENCES: Managers and scientists are the target audiences PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None

Impacts
RMRS and partners developed the Proactive Strategy Framework to sustain healthy high elevation pine populations and mitigate the impact of invasion by the non-native pathogen that causes the lethal disease white pine blister rust (WPBR). This approach provided the science foundation for proactive management of these important resources.

Publications

• Hudak, Andrew T. 2013. Field plot measures and fuel treatment units used to assess the effectiveness of (WUI) fuel treatments burned through by the 2007 East Zone and Cascade megafires in central Idaho. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
• Hudak, Andrew T.; Liebermann, Robert J.; Moreira, Eder P.; Gessler, Paul E. 2013. Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for Priest River Experimental Forest in 2002. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
• Hudak, Andrew T.; Liebermann, Robert J.; Moreira, Eder P.; Rowell, Eric. 2013. Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for a portion of the Black Hills Experimental Forest in 2002. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
• Jain, Theresa B. 2013 Silviculture research: The intersection of science and art across generations. Western Forester. September/October: 8-9.
• Graca, Rodrigo N.; Ross-Davis, Amy L.; Klopfenstein, Ned B.; Kim, Mee-Sook; Peever, Tobin L.; Cannon, Phil G.; Aun, Cristina P.; Mizubuti, Eduardo G.; Alfenas, Acelino C. 2013. Rust disease of eucalypts, caused by Puccinia psidii, did not originate via host jump from guava in Brazil. Molecular Ecology. 22(24): 6033-6047.
• Hand, Brian K.; Cushman, Sam A.; Landguth, Erin L.; Lucotch, John. 2014. Assessing multi-taxa sensitivity to the human footprint, habitat fragmentation and loss by exploring alternative scenarios of dispersal ability and population size: A simulation approach. Biodiversity and Conservation. (23)11: 2761-2779.
• Hoeger, Ingrid; Gleisner, Rolland; Negron, Jose; Rojas, Orlando J.; Zhu, J. Y. 2014. Mountain pine beetle-killed lodgepole pine for the production of submicron lignocellulose fibrils. Forest Science. 60(3): 502-511.
• Jain, Theresa B. 2014. The human and fire connection. Western Forester. March/April/May: 10-11.
• Jain, Theresa B.; Battaglia, Michael A.; Graham, Russell T. 2014. Northern Rocky Mountain experimental forests: Settings for science, management, and education alliances. Journal of Forestry. 112(5): 534-541.
• Jain, Theresa B.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Han, Han-Sup; Graham, Russell T.; Keyes, Christopher R.; Fried, Jeremy S.; Sandquist, Jonathan E. 2014. A comprehensive guide to fuel management practices for dry mixed conifer forests in the northwestern United States: Inventory and model-based economic analysis of mechanical fuel treatments. Res. Note RMRS-RN-64. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 2 p.
• Jain, Theresa B.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Han, Han-Sup; Graham, Russell T.; Keyes, Christopher R.; Fried, Jeremy S.; Sandquist, Jonathan E. 2014. A comprehensive guide to fuel management practices for dry mixed conifer forests in the northwestern United States: Mechanical, chemical, and biological fuel treatment methods. Res. Note RMRS-RN-61. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 2 p.
• Jain, Theresa B.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Han, Han-Sup; Graham, Russell T.; Keyes, Christopher R.; Fried, Jeremy S.; Sandquist, Jonathan E. 2014. A comprehensive guide to fuel management practices for dry mixed conifer forests in the northwestern United States: Monitoring. Res. Note RMRS-RN-63. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 2 p.
• Jain, Theresa B.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Han, Han-Sup; Graham, Russell T.; Keyes, Christopher R.; Fried, Jeremy S.; Sandquist, Jonathan E. 2014. A comprehensive guide to fuel management practices for dry mixed conifer forests in the northwestern United States: Prescribed fire. Res. Note RMRS-RN-62. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 2 p.
• Jain, Theresa B.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Han, Han-Sup; Graham, Russell T.; Keyes, Christopher R.; Fried, Jeremy S.; Sandquist, Jonathan E. 2014. Revisiting Disturbance: A New Guide for Keeping Dry Mixed Conifer Forests Healthy through Fuel Management. Science You Can Use Bulletin 2014 Jan/Feb Issue 9, 12 p.
• Moser, W. Keith; Hansen, Mark H.; Atchison, Robert L.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Domke, Grant; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Andrew; Miles, Patrick D.; Nelson, Mark D.; Piva, Ronald J.; Woodall, Christopher W. 2013. Kansas⿿ Forests 2010. Resour. Bull. NRS-85. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 63 p.
• Negron, Jose F.; Fettig, Christopher J. 2014. Mountain pine beetle, a major disturbance agent in US Western coniferous forests: A synthesis of the state of knowledge [Research In Review]. Journal of Forestry. 112(3): 257.
• Olson, Lucretia E.; Sauder, Joel D.; Albrecht, Nathan M.; Vinkey, Ray S.; Cushman, Samuel A.; Schwartz, Michael K. 2014. Modeling the effects of dispersal and patch size on predicted fisher (Pekania [Martes] pennanti) distribution in the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Biological Conservation. 169: 89-98.
• Ortega, J.; Turnipseed, A.; Guenther, A. B.; Karl, T. G.; Day, D. A.; Gochis, D.; Huffman, J. A.; Prenni, A. J.; Levin, E. J. T.; Kreidenweis, S. M.; DeMott, P. J.; Tobo, Y.; Patton, E. G.; Hodzic, A.; Cui, Y.; Harley, P. C.; Hornbrook, R. H.; Apel, E. C.; Monson, R. K.; Eller, A. S. D.; Greenberg, J. P.; Barth, M.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Palm, B. B.; Jimenez, J. L.; Aiken, A. C.; Dubey, M. K.; Geron, C.; Offenberg, J.; Ryan, M. G.; Fornwalt, P. J.; Pryor, S. C.; Keutsch, F. N.; DiGangi, J. P.; Chan, A. W. H.; Goldstein, A. H.; Wolfe, G. M.; Kim, S.; Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Hansel, A.; Cantrell, C. A.; Mauldin, R. L., III; Smith, J. N. 2014. Overview of the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory: site description and selected science results from 2008-2013 [Discussions]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 14: 1647-1709.
• Sanchez, M. C.; Cushman, S. A.; Saura, S. 2014. Connecting endangered brown bear subpopulations in the Cantabrian Range (north-western Spain). Animal Conservation. doi: 10.1111/acv.12109.
• Schoettle, A. W.; Connor, Jeff; Mack, John; Pineda Bovin, Phyllis; Beck, Jen; Baker, Gretchen; Sniezko, R. A.; Burns, K. S. 2014. Establishing the science foundation to sustain high-elevation five-needle pine forests threatened by novel interacting stresses in four western National Parks [Proceedings]. In: Weber, Samantha, ed. Protected Areas in a Changing World: Proceedings of the 2013 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites. Hancock, Michigan: George Wright Society. p. 147-156.
• Schoettle, A. W.; Sniezko, R. A.; Kegley, A.; Burns, K. S. 2013. White pine blister rust resistance in limber pine: Evidence for a major gene. Phytopathology. 104:163-173.
• Schulz, Beth; Moser, W. Keith; Olson, Cassandra; Johnson, Katherine. 2013. Regional distribution of introduced plant species in the forests if the northeastern United States. In: Potter, K.M.; Conkling, B.L., eds. Forest health monitoring: national status, trends, and analysis 2011. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-GTR-185. Asheville, NC: U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 79-107.
• Shirk, Andrew J.; Cushman, Samuel A. 2014. Spatially-explicit estimation of Wright's neighborhood size in continuous populations. Evolutionary and Population Genetics. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2014.00062.
• Swetnam, Tyson L.; Falk, Donald A.; Lynch, Ann M.; Yool, Stephen R. 2014 Estimating individual tree mid- and understory rank-size distributions from airborne laser scanning in semi-arid forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 330: 271-282.
• Walls, M.; Moser, W. K.; Blatner, K. A.; Roberts, S; Seymour, R. S. 2013. SAF's regional applied journals to merge with Forest Science. Forestry Source, 18(7): 20.
• Ortega, J.; Turnipseed, A.; Guenther, A. B.; Karl, T. G.; Day, D. A.; Gochis, D.; Huffman, J. A.; Prenni, A. J.; Levin, E. J. T.; Kreidenweis, S. M.; DeMott, P. J.; Tobo, Y.; Patton, E. G.; Hodzic, A.; Cui, Y. Y.; Harley, P. C.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Apel, E. C.; Monson, R. K.; Eller, A. S. D.; Greenberg, J. P.; Barth, M. C.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Palm, B. B.; Jimenez, J. L.; Aiken, A. C.; Dubey, M. K.; Geron, C.; Offenberg, J.; Ryan, M. G.; Fornwalt, P. J.; Pryor, S. C.; Keutsch, F. N.; DiGangi, J. P.; Chan, A. W. H.; Goldstein, A. H.; Wolfe, G. M.; Kim, S.; Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Hansel, A.; Cantrell, C. A.; Mauldin, R. L.; Smith, J. N. 2014. Overview of the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory: Site description and selected science results from 2008 to 2013. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 14: 6345-6367.
• Widmann, Richard H; Randall, Cotton K.; Butler, Brett J.; Domke, Grant M.; Griffith, Douglas M.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Moser, W. Keith; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Riemann, Rachel; Woodall, Christopher W. 2014. Ohio's Forests 2011. Resour. Bull. NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 68 p.
• Wulder, M. A.; Coops, N. C.; Hudak, A. T.; Morsdorf, F.; Nelson, R.; Newnham, G.; Vastaranta, M. 2013. Status and prospects for LiDAR remote sensing of forested ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 39(S1): S1-S5.
• Zeller, Katherine A.; McGarigal, Kevin; Beier, Paul; Cushman, Samuel A.; Vickers, T. Winston; Boyce, Walter M. 2014. Sensitivity of landscape resistance estimates based on point selection functions to scale and behavioral state: Pumas as a case study. Landscape Ecology. 29: 541-557.
• Berryman, Erin M.; Morgan, Penelope; Robichaud, Peter R.; Page-Dumroese, Deborah. 2014. Post-fire erosion control mulches alter belowground processes and nitrate reductase activity of a perennial forb, heartleaf arnica (Arnica cordifolia). Res. Note RMRS-RN-69. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 10 p.
• Bollenbacher, Barry L.; Graham, Russell T.; Reynolds, Keith M. 2014. Regional forest landscape restoration priorities: Integrating historical conditions and an uncertain future in the northern Rocky Mountains. Journal of Forestry. 112(5): 474-483.
• Castillo, Jessica A.; Epps, Clinton W.; Davis, Anne R.; Cushman, Samuel A. 2014. Landscape effects on gene flow for a climate-sensitive montane species, the American pika. Molecular Ecology. 23(4): 843-856.
• Cushman, S.A. (in press). The importance of meaningful desired conditions in adaptive management. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Biennial Conference of Colorado Plateau Research.
• Cushman, S.A. Habitat Loss. Entry 81 in Grzimek Encyclopedia of Biodiversity Volume on Extinction. Grizmek
• Cushman, Samuel A. 2014. Grand challenges in evolutionary and population genetics: The importance of integrating epigenetics, genomics, modeling, and experimentation. Frontiers in Genetics. 5: Article 197.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Mersmann, Timothy J.; Moisen, Gretchen G.; McKelvey, Kevin S.; Vojta, Christina D. 2013. Chapter 5. Using Habitat Models for Habitat Mapping and Monitoring. In: Rowland, M.M.; Vojta, C.D.; tech. eds. 2013. A technical guide for monitoring wildlife habitat. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-89. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 14p.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Lewis, Jesse S.; Landguth, Erin L. 2013. Evaluating the intersection of a regional wildlife connectivity network with highways. Movement Ecology. 1: 1-12.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; McGarigal, Kevin; McKelvey, Kevin S.; Vojta, Christina D.; Regan, Claudia M. 2013. Chapter 6. Landscape Analysis for Habitat Monitoring. In: Rowland, M.M.; Vojta, C.D.; tech. eds. 2013. A technical guide for monitoring wildlife habitat. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-89. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 18p.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Wasserman, Tzeidle N.; Landguth, Erin L.; Shirk, Andrew J. 2013. Re-evaluating causal modeling with mantel tests in landscape genetics. Diversity. 5: 51-72.
• Dickinson Y, Addington R, Aplet G, Babler M, Battaglia M, Brown P, Cheng T, Cooley C, Edwards D, Feinstein J, Fornwalt P, Gibbs H, Matonis M, Pelz K, and Regan C. 2014. Desirable Forest Structures for a Restored Front Range. Technical Brief CFRI-TB-1402. Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 23 p.
• Fried, Jeremy S.; Jain, Theresa B. 2013. Opportunities abound for affordable mechanical fuels treatment in dry mixed-conifer forests. Western Forester. November/December: 14-15, 21.
• Fried, Jeremy S.; Jain, Theresa B.; Sandquist, Jonathan. 2013. Modeled forest inventory data suggest climate benefits from fuels management. Fire Management Today. 73(2): 11-14.
• Geils, Brian W.; Olberding, Susan D. 2014. Cycles of research at Fort Valley, Arizona: Our first Forest Experiment Station [Chapter 13]. In: Hayes, D. C.; Stout, S. L.; Crawford, R. H.; Hoover, A. P., eds. USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges: Research for the Long Term. New York, NY: Springer Verlag. p. 287-310.
• Gillette, Nancy E.; Wood, David L.; Hines, Sarah J.; Runyon, Justin B.; Negron, Jose F. 2014. The once and future forest: Consequences of mountain pine beetle treatment decisions. Forest Science. 60(3): 527-538.
• Gottfried, Gerald; Ffolliott, Peter. 2014. Silviculture for collaborative management of southwestern ponderosa pine watersheds [Abstract]. Journal of Forestry. 112(1):159.

Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 26 publications were produced in FY12 in Problem 4. Highlights include landscape-level modeling for bark beetle dynamics, several studies on wildlife population connectivity a range wide restoration strategy for white bark pine, an invasive species visionary white paper, a study on the effects of temperature on insects and bumble bee community structures, along with the implications for protection of ancient bark peeled trees. PARTICIPANTS: The Proactive Strategy Team, composed of RMRS, FHP and NFS members, was awarded the FS NFS Excellence in Invasive Species Innovative Control and Management Award in 2011 (awarded in March 2012).Participants included both land managers and scientists TARGET AUDIENCES: Managers and scientist are the target audiences PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None

Impacts
RMRS and partners developed the Proactive Strategy framework to sustain healthy high elevation pine populations and mitigate the impact of invasion by the non-native pathogen that causes the lethal disease white pine blister rust (WPBR). This approach provided the science foundation for proactive management.

Publications

• Cushman, Samuel A.; Wasserman, Tzeidle N.; Landguth, Erin L.; Shirk, Andrew J. 2013. Re-evaluating causal modeling with mantel tests in landscape genetics. Diversity. 5: 51-72.
• Fettig, Christopher J.; Reid, Mary L.; Bentz, Barbara J.; Sevanto, Sanna; Spittlehouse, David L.; Wang, T. 2013. Changing climates, changing forests: A western North American perspective. J. For. 111(4):214-228.
• Ffolliott, Peter F.; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Chen, Hui; Kauffman, Aaron T.; Stropki, Cody L.; Neary, Daniel G. 2013. Soil erosion and deposition before and after fire in oak savannas. In: Gottfried, Gerald J.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Gebow, Brooke S.; Eskew, Lane G.; Collins, Loa C. Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago III and 7th Conference on Research and Resource Management in the Southwestern Deserts; 2012 May 1-5; Tucson, AZ. Proceedings. RMRS-P-67. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 325-328.
• Fowler, James F.; Sieg, Carolyn H.; Casavant, Brian M.; Hite, Addie E. 2012. A tale of two single mountain alpine endemics: Packera franciscana and Erigeron mancus. Calochortiana. 1: 110-114.
• Gottfried, Gerald J.; Ffolliott, Peter F. 2013. Ecology and management of oak woodlands and savannas in the southwestern Borderlands Region. In: Gottfried, Gerald J.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Gebow, Brooke S.; Eskew, Lane G.; Collins, Loa C. Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago III and 7th Conference on Research and Resource Management in the Southwestern Deserts; 2012 May 1-5; Tucson, AZ. Proceedings. RMRS-P-67. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 337-340.
• Hanna, J. W.; Graca, R. N.; Kim, M. -S.; Ross-Davis, A. L.; Hauff, R. D.; Uchida, J. W.; Kadooka, C. Y.; Rayamajhi, M. B.; Arguedas Gamboa, M.; Lodge, D. J.; Medel-Ortiz, R. Medel; Lopez Ramirez, A.; Cannon, P. G.; Alfenas, A. C.; Klopfenstein, N. B. 2012. A bioclimatic approach to predict global regions with suitable climate space for Puccina psidii. In: Zeglen, S.; Palacios, P., comps. Proceedings of 59th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference; 2011 October 11-14; Leavenworth, WA. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Region 5. p. 131-136.
• Hood, Sharon M.; Smith, Helen Y.; Wright, David K.; Glasgow, Lance S. 2012. Management guide to ecosystem restoration treatments: two-aged lodgepole pine forests of central Montana, USA. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-294. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 126 p.
• Blair, Christopher; Weigel, Dana E.; Balazik, Matthew; Keeley, Annika T. H.; Walker, Faith M.; Landguth, Erin; Cushman, Sam; Murphy, Melanie; Waits, Lisette; Balkenhol, Niko. 2012. A simulation-based evaluation of methods for inferring linear barriers to gene flow. Molecular Ecology Resources. 12: 822-833.
• Case, Anna E.; Ashiglar, Sara M.; Cannon, Phil G.; Militante, Ernesto P.; Tadiosa, Edwin R.; Quintos-Manalo, Mutya; Pampolina, Nelson M.; Hanna, John W.; Brooks, Fred E.; Ross-Davis, Amy L.; Kim, Mee-Sook; Klopfenstein, Ned B. 2013. DNA-based approaches to identify forest fungi in Pacific Islands: A pilot study. In: Browning, John; Palacios, Patsy, comps. Proceedings of the 60th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference; October 8-12 October 2012; Tahoe City, CA. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology and Enterprise Team. p. 149-151.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Landguth, Erin L.; Flather, Curtis H. 2013. Evaluating population connectivity for species of conservation concern in the American Great Plains. Biodiversity and Conservation. doi: 10.1007/s10531-013-0541-1.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; McRae, Brad; Adriaensen, Frank; Beier, Paul; Shirley, Mark; Zeller, Kathy. 2013. Biological corridors and connectivity [Chapter 21]. In: Macdonald, David W.; Willis, Katherine J., eds. Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. p. 384-404.
• Jain, Theresa B.; Battaglia, Mike A.; Han, Han-Sup; Graham, Russell T.; Keyes, Christopher R.; Fried, Jeremy S.; Sandquist, Jonathan E. 2012. A comprehensive guide to fuel management practices for dry mixed conifer forests in the northwestern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-292. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 331 p.
• Klutsch, Jennifer G.; West, Daniel R.; Battaglia, Mike A; Costello, Sheryl L.; Negrón, José F.; Rhoades, Charles C.; Popp , John; Caissie, Rick 2013. Mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine: mortality and fire implications (Project INT-F-07-03). In: Potter, Kevin M.; Conkling, Barbara L., eds. 2013. Forest Health Monitoring: national status, trends, and analysis 2010. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-GTR-176. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 123-128.
• Lynch, Ann M.; O'Connor, Christopher D. 2013. Mountain pine beetle in southwestern white pine in the Pinaleno Mountains. In: Gottfried, Gerald J.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Gebow, Brooke S.; Eskew, Lane G.; Collins, Loa C. Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago III and 7th Conference on Research and Resource Management in the Southwestern Deserts; 2012 May 1-5; Tucson, AZ. Proceedings. RMRS-P-67. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 482-486.
• Neary, Daniel G.; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Poff, Boris. 2012. Long-term forest watershed studies in the Southwest: recycled for wildfire and prescribed fire. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 42: 55-60.
• Reding, Dawn M.; Cushman, Samuel A.; Gosselink, Todd E.; Clark, William R. 2013. Linking movement behavior and fine-scale genetic structure to model landscape connectivity for bobcats (Lynx rufus). Landscape Ecology. 28: 471-486.
• Schoettle, A. W,; Klutsch, J. G.; Sniezko, R. A. 2012. Integrating regeneration, genetic resistance, and timing of intervention for the long-term sustainability of ecosystems challenged by non-native pests - a novel proactive approach. In: Sniezko, R. A.; Yanchuk, A. D.; Kliejunas, J. T.; Palmieri, K. M,; Alexander, J. M.; Frankel, S. J., tech. coords. Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry: Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Trees. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-240. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. p. 112-123.
• Wasserman, Tzeidle N.; Cushman, Samuel A.; Littell, Jeremy S.; Shirk, Andrew J.; Landguth, Erin L. 2012. Population connectivity and genetic diversity of American marten (Martes americana) in the United States northern Rocky Mountains in a climate change context. Conservation Genetics. doi: 10.1007/s10592-012-0336-z.
• Withrow, John R.; Lundquist, John E.; Negron, Jose F. 2013. Spatial dispersal of Douglas-fir beetle populations in Colorado and Wyoming. ISRN Forestry. 2013: Article ID 542380. 10 p.
• Yang, Jiuyan; Cushman, Samuel A.; Yang, Jie; Yang, Mingbo; Bao, Tiejun. 2013. Effects of climatic gradients on genetic differentiation of Caragana on the Ordos Plateau, China. Landscape Ecology. doi: 10.1007/s10980-013-9913-x.

Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 26 publications were produced in FY12 in Problem 4. Highlights include landscape-level modeling for bark beetle dynamics, several studies on wildlife population connectivity a range wide restoration strategy for white bark pine, an invasive species visionary white paper, a study on the effects of temperature on insects and bumble bee community structures, along with the implications for protection of ancient bark peeled trees. PARTICIPANTS: The Proactive Strategy Team, composed of RMRS, FHP and NFS members, was awarded the FS NFS Excellence in Invasive Species Innovative Control and Management Award in 2011 (awarded in March 2012).Participants included both land managers and scientists TARGET AUDIENCES: Managers and scientist are the target audiences PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None

Impacts
RMRS and partners developed the Proactive Strategy framework to sustain healthy high elevation pine populations and mitigate the impact of invasion by the non-native pathogen that causes the lethal disease white pine blister rust (WPBR). This approach provided the science foundation for proactive management.

Publications

• Crabb, Benjamin A.; Powell, James A.; Bentz, Barbara J. 2012. Development and assessment of 30-meter pine density maps for landscape-level modeling of mountain pine beetle dynamics. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-93WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 43 p.
• Cushman, S. A.; Landguth, E. L.; Flather, C. 2012. Predicting effects of roads and land use on connectivity of wildlife populations in the American Great Plains. 2011 Proceedings International Conference on Ecology and Transportation: Sustainability in Motion. ICOET. Seattle, WA.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Landguth, Erin L. 2012. Multi-taxa population connectivity in the northern Rocky Mountains. Ecological Modelling. 231: 101-112.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Landguth, Erin L.; Flather, Curtis H. 2012. Evaluating the sufficiency of protected lands for maintaining wildlife population connectivity in the northern Rocky Mountains. Diversity and Distributions. 18: 873-884.
• Field, S. G.; Schoettle, A. W.; Klutsch, J. G.; Tavener, S. J.; Antolin, M. F. 2012. Demographic projection of high-elevation white pines infected with white pine blister rust: a nonlinear disease model. Ecological Applications. 22(1): 166-183.
• Fowler, J. F.; Wadleigh, L. L.; Sieg, C. S.; McMilllin, J. 2012. Post-fire tree mortality can be accurately predicted with two variables. In: Southwest Fire Ecology Conference: Fire Landscapes, Wildlife, and People: Building Alliances for Restoring Ecosystem Resilence; Feb. 27-March 1, 2012; Santa Fe, NM. Association for Fire Ecology.
• Jensen, Jennifer L. R.; Humes, Karen S.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Vierling, Lee A.; Delmelle, Eric. 2011. Evaluation of the MODIS LAI product using independent lidar-derived LAI: A case study in mixed conifer forest. Remote Sensing of Environment. 115: 3625-3639.
• Josefsson, Torbjorn; Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy; Arno, Stephen F.; Ostlund, Lars. 2012. Ancient barkpeeled trees in the Bitterroot Mountains, Montana: Legacies of native land use and implications for their protection. Natural Areas Journal. 32(1): 54-64.
• Keane, Robert E.; Tomback, D. F.; Aubry, C. A.; Bower, A. D.; Campbell, E. M.; Cripps, C. L.; Jenkins, M. B.; Mahalovich, M. F.; Manning, M.; McKinney, S. T.; Murray, M. P.; Perkins, D. L.; Reinhart, D. P.; Ryan, C.; Schoettle, A. W.; Smith, C. M. 2012. A range-wide restoration strategy for whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-279. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 108 p.
• Klopfenstein, Ned B.; Geils, Brian W. 2011. II. Pathogens. In: Pearson, D. E.; Kim, M.; Butler, J., eds. 2011. Rocky Mountain Research Station invasive species visionary white paper. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-265. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 13-26.
• Koo, Eunmo; Linn, Rodman R.; Pagni, Patrick J.; Edminster, Carleton B. 2012. Modeling firebrand transport in wildfires using HIGRAD/FIRETEC. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 21: 396-417.
• Landguth, E. L.; Cushman, S. A.; Johnson, N. 2012. Simulating natural selection in landscape genetics. Molecular Ecology Resources. 12: 363-368.
• Landguth, E. L.; Hand, B. K.; Glassy, J. M.; Cushman, S. A.; Jacobi, M.; Julian, T. J. 2011. CDPOP Users Manual. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Computational Ecology Laboratory. 21 p. Online: http://cel.dbs.umt.edu/cms/index.php/software/cdpop
• Landguth, E. L.; Hand, B. K.; Glassy, J.; Cushman, S. A.; Sawaya, M. A. 2012. UNICOR: a species connectivity and corridor network simulator. Ecography. 35: 9-14.
• Lewis, Sarah A.; Robichaud, Peter R.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Austin, Brian; Liebermann, Robert J. 2012. Utility of remotely sensed imagery for assessing the impact of salvage logging after forest fires. Remote Sensing. 4(7): 2112-2132.
• Linn, Rodman; Anderson, Kerry; Winterkamp, Judith; Broos, Alyssa; Wotton, Michael; Dupuy, Jean-Luc; Pimont, Francois; Edminster, Carleton. 2012. Incorporating field wind data into FIRETEC simulations of the International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment (ICFME): preliminary lessons learned. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 42: 879-898.
• Lynch, Ann M. 2012. What tree-ring reconstruction tells us about conifer defoliator outbreaks. In: Barbosa, Pedro; Letourneau, Deborah K.; Agrawal, Anurag A., eds. Insect Outbreaks Revisited. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 126-154.
• McIntosh, B. S.; Ascough II, J. C.; Chen, S.; Chew, J.; Cuddy, S.; Elmahdi, A.; Haase, D.; Harou, J.; Hepting, D.; Jakeman, A. J.; Kassahun, A.; Lautenbach, S.; Matthews, K.; Merritt, W.; Quinn, N. W. T.; Rodriguez-Roda, I.; Sieber, S.; Stavenga, M.; Sulis, A.; Ticehurst, J.; Twery, M. J.; Volk, M.; Wrobel, M.; van Delden, H.; El-Sawah, S.; Rizzoli, A.; Voinov, A. 2011. Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) development - Challenges and best practices. Environmental Modelling and Software. 26: 1389-1402.
• Rudnick, Deborah A.; Ryan, Sadie J.; Beier, Paul; Cushman, Samuel A.; Dieffenbach, Fred; Epps, Clinton W.; Gerber, Leah R.; Hartter, Joel; Jenness, Jeff S.; Kintsch, Julia; Merenlender, Adina M.; Perkl, Ryan M.; Preziosi, Damian V.; Trombulak, Stephen C. 2012. The role of landscape connectivity in planning and implementing conservation and restoration priorities. Issues in Ecology. 16(Fall): 1-20.
• Tinkham, Wade T.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Hoffman, Chad; Hudak, Andrew T.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Swanson, Mark E.; Gessler, Paul E. 2012. Investigating the influence of LiDAR ground surface errors on the utility of derived forest inventories. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 42: 413-422.
• Landguth, E. L.; Hand, B. K.; Glassy, J. M.; Cushman, S. A.; Carlson, R. T. 2011. UNICOR Users Manual. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Computational Ecology Laboratory. 14 p. Online: http://cel.dbs.umt.edu/cms/index.php/software/unicor
• Weiskittel, Aaron R.; Crookston, Nicholas L.; Rehfeldt, Gerald E. 2012. Projected future suitable habitat and productivity of Douglas-fir in western North America. Schweiz Z Forstwes. 163(3): 70-78.

Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 30 publications were produced during FY10 in Problem 4. The highlight was a book published by Springer entitled Spatial Complexity, Informatics, and Wildlife Conservation edited by Sam Cushman and Falk Huettmann. PARTICIPANTS: The book contains 24 chapters authored by scientists from throughout the world. TARGET AUDIENCES: Both managers and scientists are the target audience. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None

Impacts
The book represents a synthesis of the past 14 years of Dr. Cushman's career. It is a bold statement of several major challenges in ecological research in the 21st century and the book provides guidance to scientists and managers alike on the effective use of new analytical methods, conceptual paradigms, and technological advances in ecological research. The goal of this book is to advance the public and very intense debate about ecological sustainability as it applies to resource management.

Publications

• Cushman, S.A., J. Evans and K. McGarigal. 2009. Landscape ecology: Past, present and future. Pages 65-82 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Cushman, S.A., J. Littell and K. McGarigal. 2009. The problem of ecological scaling in spatially complex, nonequilibrium ecological systems. Pages 43-64 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo
• Cushman, S.A., M.J. Chase, and C. Griffin. 2009. Mapping landscape resistance to identify corridors and barriers for elephant movement in southern Africa. Pages 349-368 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Cushman, S.A.; Wasserman, T.N.; McGarigal, K. 2010. Landscape fire and wildlife habitat. Chapter 5 in D. McKenzie and L.K. Kellog (eds.) The Landscape Ecology of Fire. Springer
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Landguth, Erin L. 2010. Scale dependent inference in landscape genetics. Landscape Ecology. 25: 967-979.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; Landguth, Erin L. 2010. Spurious correlations and inference in landscape genetics. Molecular Ecology. 19: 3592-3602.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; McKelvey, Kevin S. 2009. Data on distribution and abundance: Monitoring for research and management. In: Cushman, S.A.; Huettman, F., eds. Spatial complexity, informatics, and wildlife conservation. New York, NY: Springer. p. 111-129.
• Epperson, Bryan K.; McRae, Brad H.; Scribner, Kim; Cushman, Samuel A.; Rosenberg, Michael S.; Fortin, Marie-Josee; James, Patrick M. A.; Murphy, Melanie; Manel, Stephanie; Legendre, Pierre; Dale, Mark R. T. 2010. Utility of computer simulations in landscape genetics. Molecular Ecology. 19: 3549-3564.
• Falkowski, Michael J.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Crookston, Nicholas L.; Gessler, Paul E.; Uebler, Edward H.; Smith, Alistair M. S. 2010. Landscape-scale parameterization of a tree-level forest growth model: a k-nearest neighbor imputation approach incorporating LiDAR data. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 40: 184-199.
• Hamilton, Randy; Megown, Kevin; DiBenedetto, Jeff; Bartos, Dale; Mileck, Anne. 2009. Assessing aspen using remote sensing. RSAC-0110-RPT2. Salt Lake City, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center. 14 p.
• Hegel, T.M., S.A. Cushman, J. Evans and F. Huettmann. 2009. Current state of the art for statistical modeling of species distributions. Pages 273-312 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Landguth, E. L.; Cushman, S. A.; Murphy, M. A.; Luikart, G. 2010. Relationships between migration rates and landscape resistance assessed using individual-based simulations. Molecular Ecology Resources. 10: 854-862.
• Beyer, H.L., J. Jenness, and S.A. Cushman, S.A. 2009. Components of spatial information management in Wildlife ecology: Software for statistical and modeling analysis. Pages 245-254 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Butnor, J. R.; Pruyn, M. L.; Shaw, D. C.; Harmon, M. E.; Mucciardi, A. N.; Ryan, M. G. 2009. Detecting defects in conifers with ground penetrating radar: Applications and challenges. Forest Pathology. 39: 309-322.
• Chen, Hui; Stropki, Cody L.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Gottfried, Gerald J. 2009. A geographically-referenced multiple-resource data management system for the oak savannas of the Malpai Borderland Region. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 39: 59-64.
• Cushman, S.A, K. McGarial, K. Gutzwiller and J. Evans. 2009. The gradient paradigm: A conceptual and analytical framework for landscape ecology. Pages 83-110 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo
• Cushman, S.A. 2009. Animal movement data: GPS telemetry, autocorrelation and the need for path-level analysis. 2009. Pages 131-150 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Cushman, S.A. 2009. Space and time in ecology: Noise or fundamental driver? Pages 19-42 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Cushman, S.A. and F. Huettmann. 2009. Ecological knowledge, theory and information in space and time. Pages 3-18 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Cushman, S.A. and F. Huettmann. 2009. Future and outlook: Where will spatial information management in wildlife ecology be in 50 years? Pages 445-450 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Cushman, S.A., A.J. Shirk, T.N. Wasserman and M.G. Raphael. 2010. Scale dependency of American marten (Martes americana) habitat relationships. Biology and Conservation of Martens, Sables, and Fishers: a New Synthesis. Cornell University Press.
• Cushman, S.A., B.W. Compton, and K. McGarigal. 2009. Habitat fragmentation effects depend on complex interactions between population size and dispersal ability: Modeling influences of roads, agriculture and residential development across a range of life-history characteristics. Pages 369-387 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• McKelvey, K.S., Cushman, S.A., and M.K. Schwartz. 2009. Landscape Genetics. Pages 313-330 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo.
• Poff, Boris A.; Tecle, Aregai; Neary, Daniel G.; Geils, Brian. 2010. Compromise Programming in forest management. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. 42(1): 44-60.
• Schwartz, M.K., G. Luikart, K.S. McKelvey and S.A. Cushman. 2009. Genetic data and genomics. Pages 165-174 in S.A. Cushman and F. Huettman (eds). Spatial complexity, informatics and wildlife conservation, Springer, Tokyo
• Segelbacher, Gernot; Cushman, Samuel A.; Epperson, Bryan K.; Fortin, Marie-Josee; Francois, Olivier; Hardy, Olivier J.; Holderegger, Rolf; Manel, Stephanie. 2010. Applications of landscape genetics in conservation biology: concepts and challenges. Conservation Genetics. doi: 10.1007/s10592-009-0044-5.
• Shirk, A. J.; Wallin, D. O.; Cushman, S. A.; Rice, C. G.; Warheit, K. I. 2010. Inferring landscape effects on gene flow: A new model selection framework. Molecular Ecology. 19: 3603-3619.
• Smith, Alistair M. S.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Evans, Jeffrey S.; Robinson, Andrew P.; Steele, Caiti M. 2010. A cross-comparison of field, spectral, and lidar estimates of forest canopy cover. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 36(5): 447-459.
• Wasserman, Tzeidle N.; Cushman, Samuel A.; Schwartz, Michael K.; Wallin, David O. 2010. Spatial scaling and multi-model inference in landscape genetics: Martes americana in northern Idaho. Landscape Ecology. 25: 1601-1612.
• Woodall, Christopher W.; Conkling, Barbara L.; Amacher, Michael C.; Coulston, John W.; Jovan, Sarah; Perry, Charles H.; Schulz, Beth; Smith, Gretchen C.; Will Wolf, Susan. 2010. The Forest Inventory and Analysis Database Version 4.0: Database Description and Users Manual for Phase 3. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-61. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 180 p.

Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Today's forest and woodland managers are asked to actively maintain, restore, and enhance ecosystem health and productivity while continuing to provide a wide variety of tangible and intangible goods and services, such as timber and biomass products, water, wildlife habitat, forage, carbon sequestration, recreation opportunities, biodiversity, restoration, resiliency, and low wildfire risk. Innovative silvicultural strategies, systems, and practices are needed to help meet these diverse management objectives. A major accomplishment was publication of the proceedings ⿿Ecology, management, and restoration of pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems⿝. Topics covered by 48 individual papers include forest and woodland restoration treatments and their impacts on fuels, wildlife, and other ecosystem components, watershed management, insect infestations and drought, wood utilization, landscape changes, and basic ecology. Several studies improve our understanding of fuels reduction treatments in the western U.S. A general consensus is emerging that pre-wildfire thinning is associated with reduced burn severity, compared to unthinned areas. Thinned areas have more live trees, greater survival, and reduced fire intensity. Science information on fuel management is posted at "http://forest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu/fuels/". PARTICIPANTS: Colorado State University, Michigan Technological University, New Mexico State University, Northern Arizona University, University of Idaho, University of Montana, Utah State University, Washington State University, Forest Management Service Center, Forest Service Regions 1 through 6, Forest Service State and Private Forestry, Natural Resource Conservation Service, corporate ownerships, tribal forestry, several states, and several cooperatives throughout the western U.S. TARGET AUDIENCES: Natural resource managers; national and international scientific community; state, county, local, and tribal governments; private landowners; industry; colleges and universities; non-government organizations; professional societies; the Administration and Congress.

Impacts
Land managers now have the latest information on pinyon-juniper ecosystem management and fuel treatments, which they can use to develop management treatments. The fuel management website contains a series of 2-page fact sheets that synthesize current knowledge that is easy to access and written in easy-to-understand language.

Publications

• Battaglia, Mike; Smith, Frederick W.; Shepperd, Wayne D. 2009. Predicting mortality of ponderosa pine regeneration after prescribed fire in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 18: 176-190.
• Moser, W. Keith; Barnard, Edward L.; Billings, Ronald F.; Crocker, Susan J.; Dix, Mary Ellen; Gray, Andrew N.; Ice, George G.; Kim, Mee-Sook; Reid, Richard; Rodman, Sue U.; McWilliams, William H. 2009. Impacts of nonnative invasive species on US forests and recommendations for policy and management. Journal of Forestry. 107(6): 320-327.
• Smithwick, E. A. H.; Ryan, M. G.; Kashian, D. M.; Romme, W. H.; Tinker, D. B.; Turner, M. G. 2009. Modeling the effects of fire and climate change on carbon and nitrogen storage in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands. Global Change Biology. 15: 535-548.
• Sniezko, Richard A.; Kegley, Angelia; Danchok, Robert; Schoettle, Anna W.; Burns, Kelly S.; Conklin, Dave 2008. Cronartium ribicola resistance in whitebark pine, southwestern white pine, limber pine and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine - preliminary screening results from first tests at Dorena GRC. In: McWilliams, Michael; Palacios, Patsy, comps. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference; October 15-19, 2007; Sedona, AZ. Logan: Utah State University: 84-86.
• Warwell, Marcus V.; Rehfeldt, Gerald E.; Crookston, Nicholas L. 2006. Modeling contemporary climate profiles of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and predicting responses to global warming. In: Goheen, E., ed. Proceedings of the Conference Whitebark Pine: A Pacific Coast Perspective. R6-NR-FHP-2007-01. Ashland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. p. 139-142.
• Klopfenstein, N. B.; Lundquist, J. E.; Hanna, J. W.; Kim, M.-S.; McDonald, G. I. 2009. First report of Armillaria sinapina, a cause of armillaria root disease, associated with a variety of forest tree hosts on sites with diverse climates in Alaska. Plant Disease. 93(1): 111. Online: http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS-93-1-0111B
• Koprowski, John L.; Leonard, Katherine M.; Zugmeyer, Claire A.; Jolley, Julia L. 2006. Direct effects of fire on endangered Mount Graham red squirrels. The Southwestern Naturalist. 51(1): 59-63.

Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Today's forest and woodland managers are asked to actively maintain, restore, and enhance ecosystem health and productivity while continuing to provide a wide variety of tangible and intangible goods and services, such as timber and biomass products, water, wildlife habitat, forage, carbon sequestration, recreation opportunities, biodiversity, restoration, resiliency, and low wildfire risk. Innovative silvicultural strategies, systems, and practices are needed to help meet these diverse management objectives. A major accomplishment was publication of the proceedings ⿿Ecology, management, and restoration of pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems⿝. Topics covered by 48 individual papers include forest and woodland restoration treatments and their impacts on fuels, wildlife, and other ecosystem components, watershed management, insect infestations and drought, wood utilization, landscape changes, and basic ecology. Several studies improve our understanding of fuels reduction treatments in the western U.S. A general consensus is emerging that pre-wildfire thinning is associated with reduced burn severity, compared to unthinned areas. Thinned areas have more live trees, greater survival, and reduced fire intensity. Science information on fuel management is posted at ⿿http://forest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu/fuels/⿝. PARTICIPANTS: Colorado State University, Michigan Technological University, New Mexico State University, Northern Arizona University, University of Idaho, University of Montana, Utah State University, Washington State University, Forest Management Service Center, Forest Service Regions 1 through 6, Forest Service State and Private Forestry, Natural Resource Conservation Service, corporate ownerships, tribal forestry, several states, and several cooperatives throughout the western U.S. TARGET AUDIENCES: Natural resource managers; national and international scientific community; state, county, local, and tribal governments; private landowners; industry; colleges and universities; non-government organizations; professional societies; the Administration and Congress.

Impacts
Land managers now have the latest information on pinyon-juniper ecosystem management and fuel treatments, which they can use to develop management treatments. The fuel management website contains a series of 2-page fact sheets that synthesize current knowledge that is easy to access and written in easy-to-understand language.

Publications

• Youtz, James A.; Graham, Russell T.; Reynolds, Richard T.; Simon, Jerry. 2008. Implementing northern goshawk habitat management in southwestern forests: a template for restoring fire-adapted forest ecosystems. In: Integrated restoration of forested ecosystems to achieve multiresource benefits: Proceedings of the 2007 national silviculture workshop. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-733. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. 173-191.
• Burns, Kelly S.; Schoettle, Anna W.; Jacobi, William R.; Mahalovich, Mary F. 2008. Options for the management of white pine blister rust in the Rocky Mountain Region. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-206. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 26 p.
• Chambers, Jeanne C.; Devoe, Nora; Evenden, Angela 2008. Collaborative management and research in the Great Basin - examining the issues and developing a framework for action. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-204. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 66 p.
• Abella, Scott R.; Fulé, Peter Z. 2008. Changes in Gambel oak densities in southwestern ponderosa pine forests since Euro-American settlement. Res. Note. RMRS-RN-36. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 6 p.
• Bartos, Dale L. 2007. Chapter 3 - Aspen. In: Hood, Sharon M.; Miller, Melanie, editors. Fire ecology and management of the major ecosystems of southern Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-202. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 39-55
• Huggett, Robert J. Jr.; Abt, Karen L.; Shepperd, Wayne 2008. Efficacy of mechanical fuel treatments for reducing wildfire hazard. Forest Policy and Economics, Vol. 10: 408-414
• Maranto, J. Chris; Ferguson, Dennis E.; Adams, David L. 2008. Response of Douglas-fir advance regeneration to overstory removal. Research Paper RMRS-RP-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 17 p.
• Rawinski, John J.; Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. 2008. Soil compaction monitoring of the Pool Timber Sale, Rio Grande National Forest, Colorado, 16 years after logging. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-215. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 12 p.
• Gottfried, Gerald J.; Shaw, John D.; Ford, Paulette L., compilers 2008. Ecology, management, and restoration of piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems: combined proceedings of the 2005 St. George, Utah and 2006 Albuquerque, New Mexico workshops. Proceedings RMRS-P-51. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 218 p.
• Negron, J. F.; Wilson, J. L. 2008. Attributes associated with probability of infestation by the piñon Ips, Ips confusus, (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in piñon pine, Pinus edulis. In: Gottfried, Gerald J.; Shaw, John D.; Ford, Paulette L., compilers. 2008. Ecology, management, and restoration of piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems: combined proceedings of the 2005 St. George, Utah and 2006 Albuquerque, New Mexico workshops. Proceedings RMRS-P-51. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 53
• Allen-Reid, D.; Anhold, J.; Cluck, D.; Eager, T.; Mask, R.; McMillin, J.; Munson, S.; Negrón, J.; Rogers, T.; Ryerson, D.; Smith, E.; Smith, S.; Steed, B.; Thier, R. 2008. Piñon pine mortality event in the Southwest: An update for 2005. In: Gottfried, Gerald J.; Shaw, John D.; Ford, Paulette L., compilers. 2008. Ecology, management, and restoration of piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems: combined proceedings of the 2005 St. George, Utah and 2006 Albuquerque, New Mexico workshops. Proceedings RMRS-P-51. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 52
• Hayes, Chris; DeGomez, Tom; Clancy, Karen; McMillin, Joel; Anhold, John 2008. Do bark beetle sprays prevent Phloeosinus species from attacking cypress and juniper?. In: Gottfried, Gerald J.; Shaw, John D.; Ford, Paulette L., compilers. 2008. Ecology, management, and restoration of piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems: combined proceedings of the 2005 St. George, Utah and 2006 Albuquerque, New Mexico workshops. Proceedings RMRS-P-51. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 55
• Bartos, Dale L. 2008. Great Basin aspen ecosystems. In: Chambers, Jeanne C.; Devoe, Nora; Evenden, Angela, eds. Collaborative management and research in the Great Basin - examining the issues and developing a framework for action. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-204. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 57-60
• Raphael, Martin G.; Molina, Randy; Flather, Curtis H.; Holthausen, Richard S.; Johnson, Richard L.; Marcot, Bruce G.; Olson, Deanna H.; Peine, John D.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull; Swanson, Cindy S. 2007. A process for selection and implementation of conservation approaches. In: Raphael, Martin G.; Molina, Randy, eds. Conservation of rare or little-known species. Washington, DC: Island Press: 334-362.
• Smith, Jane Kapler; Zouhar, Kristin; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L. 2008. Chapter 16: Fire and nonnative plants-summary and conclusions. In: Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L. Wildland fire in ecosystems: fire and nonnative invasive plants. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 6. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 293-296
• Jain, Theresa B.; Graham, Russell T.; Sandquist, Jonathan; Butler, Matthew; Brockus, Karen; Frigard, Daniel; Cobb, David; Sup-Han, Han; Halbrook, Jeff; Denner, Robert; Evans, Jeffrey S. 2008. Restoration of northern Rocky Mountain moist forests: Integrating fuel treatments from the site to the landscape. In: Deal, R. L., ed. Integrated restoration of forested ecosystems to achieve multi-resource benefits: Proceedings of the 2007 national silviculture workshop; 2007 May 7-10; Ketchikan, AK. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-733. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. 147-172.
• Holthausen, Richards S.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull 2007. Effectiveness of alternative management strategies in meeting conservation objectives. In: Raphael, Martin G.; Molina, Randy, eds. Conservation of rare or little-known species: Biological, social, and economic considerations. Washington, DC: Island Press: 187-235.
• Flather, Curtis H.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull 2007. Species rarity: definition, causes, and classification. In: Raphael, Martin G.; Molina, Randy, eds. Conservation of rare or little-known species: Biological, social, and economic considerations. Washington, DC: Island Press: 40-66.
• Baumgartner, Kenneth H.; Fule, Peter Z. 2007. Survival and sprouting responses of Chihuahua Pine after the Rodeo-Chediski Fire on the Mogollon Rim, Arizona. Western North American Naturalist. 67(1): 51-56.
• Strom, Barbara A.; Fule, Peter Z. 2007. Pre-wildfire fuel treatments affect long-term ponderosa pine forest dynamics. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 16: 128-138.
• Smith, Jane Kapler; Zouhar, Kristin; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L. 2008. Chapter 1: Fire and nonnative invasive plants-introduction. In: Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L. Wildland fire in ecosystems: fire and nonnative invasive plants. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 6. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 1-6
• Sutherland, Steve 2008. Chapter 15: Monitoring the effects of fire on nonnative invasive plant species. In: Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L. Wildland fire in ecosystems: fire and nonnative invasive plants. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 6. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 281-292
• Neal, Suzanne M. 2007. Tree thinning treatments alter soil properties, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and understory plant communities. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. 73 p. Thesis.
• McCaffrey, Sarah; Graham, Russell 2007. Science information for informing forest fuel management in dry forests of the western United States. Journal of Forestry. 105(2): 73-76.
• Marcot, Bruce G.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull 2007. System-level strategies for conserving rare or little-known species. In: Raphael, Martin G.; Molina, Randy, eds. Conservation of rare or little-known species: Biological, social, and economic considerations. Washington, DC: Island Press: 156-186.
• Kuenzi, Amanda M. 2006. Pre-fire treatment effects and understory plant community response on the Rodeo-Chediski Fire, Arizona. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. 87 p. Thesis.
• Strom, Barbara A. 2005. Pre-fire treatment effects and post-fire forest dynamics on the Rodeo-Chediski burn area, Arizona. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. 177 p. Thesis.
• Raffa, Kenneth F.; Aukema, Brian H.; Bentz, Barbara J.; Carroll, Allan L.; Hicke, Jeffrey A.; Turner, Monica G.; Romme, William H. 2008. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: Dynamics of biome-wide bark beetle eruptions. BioScience. 58(6): 501-518.
• Gottfried, Gerald J. 2008. Silviculture and multi-resource management case studies for southwestern pinyon-juniper woodlands. In: Gottfried, Gerald J.; Shaw, John D.; Ford, Paulette L., compilers. 2008. Ecology, management, and restoration of piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems: combined proceedings of the 2005 St. George, Utah and 2006 Albuquerque, New Mexico workshops. Proceedings RMRS-P-51. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 90-103
• McMillin, Joel; Anhold, John; Negrón, José 2008. Stand level impacts of Ips and Dendroctonus bark beetles in pine forest types of northern Arizona. In: Gottfried, Gerald J.; Shaw, John D.; Ford, Paulette L., compilers. 2008. Ecology, management, and restoration of piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems: combined proceedings of the 2005 St. George, Utah and 2006 Albuquerque, New Mexico workshops. Proceedings RMRS-P-51. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 207
• Reynolds, Richard T.; Graham, Russell T.; Boyce, Douglas A., Jr. 2008. Northern goshawk habitat: an intersection of science, management, and conservation. Journal of Wildlife Management. 72(4): 1047-1055.
• Cushman, Samuel A.; McKelvey, Kevin S.; Flather, Curtis H.; McGarigal, Kevin 2008. Do forest community types provide a sufficient basis to evaluate biological diversity?. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 6(1): 13-17.
• Klutsch, Jennifer Gene 2008. Fuel and stand characteristics in ponderosa pine infested with mountain pine beetle, Ips spp., and southwestern dwarf mistletoe in Colorado''s northern Front Range. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University. 147 p. Thesis.
• Lezberg, Ann L.; Battaglia, Michael A.; Shepperd, Wayne D.; Schoettle, Anna W. 2008. Decades-old silvicultural treatments influence surface wildfire severity and post-fire nitrogen availability in a ponderosa pine forest. Forest Ecology and Management. 255: 49-61.
• Kuenzi, Amanda M.; Fulé, Peter Z.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull 2008. Effects of fire severity and pre-fire stand treatment on plant community recovery after a large wildfire. Forest Ecology and Management. 255: 855-865.
• Schoettle, Anna W.; Sniezko, Richard A. 2007. Proactive intervention to sustain high-elevation pine ecosystems threatened by white pine blister rust. Journal of Forest Research. 12: 327-336.
• Schoettle, Anna W.; Sniezko, Richard A.; Burns, Kelly S.; Floyd, Freeman 2007. Preparing the landscape for invasion - Early intervention approaches for threatened high elevation white pine ecosystems. In: Goheen, E. M.; Sniezko, R.A., tech. coords. Whitebark pine: a Pacific Coast perspective; proceedings; 2006 August 27-31; Ashland, OR. R6-NR-FHP-2007-01. Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Region, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture: 72-75.