Progress 06/22/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Phosphorus (P) is a mineral nutrient required for bone growth and many important energetic metabolic processes in animal, plant, and microbial systems. But P, when discharged into surface water can cause significant water pollution. Runoff from the production and feeding facilities, buildings, feed yards, waste storage areas, lagoons, etc. and runoff from land applied manure degrade water quality and diminish its intended value. The addition of phytase enzymes to animal diets has the potential to improve the phytic acid-P utilization by the animal. Phytases enzymes (myo-inositol hexaphosphate phosphohydrolase) catalyze the hydrolysis of feed grain and fiber phytic acid to myo-inositol and phosphate and thereby allow reduction in mineral P supplementation and excretion. The objectives of the collaborative research project between the Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FASVM) of Nong Lam University and USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) are to evaluate and optimize dietary phytases enzymes utilization in animal nutrition under the joint support of the Scientific Cooperation Research Program of USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service and ARS. Specific project objectives will be to: 1. Establish a long-term international collaborative research and exchange to address concerns in animal production systems and environmental stewardship between ARS, and the Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FASVM) of Nong Lam University. 2. Optimize activity of phytase enzymes produced from fungal strains of high-phytase activity and evaluation of phytase-amended feed for selected Vietnamese poultry strains, 3. Characterize feed and excreta P and controlling mechanisms of P solubilization across enzyme sources and feeding regimes to develop sustainable poultry waste management strategies. Approach (from AD-416) The research approaches will include fermentation studies to identify potential fungal strains of high hydrolytic efficiency. Purification of selected enzyme preparation will be made to isolate high-activity phytic acid-degraders and from commercial Aspergillus preparations. In controlled experiments, enzyme kinetic parameters will be determined and comparisons of hydrolytic efficiency of the isolates will be validated using selected feed and archived animal manure collections. The efficacy of phytase enzymes will be evaluated in diets of selected Vietnamese poultry strains by the FASVM-Nong Lam University cooperating scientist in Ho Chi Minh City. Knowledge on accurate P requirements of poultry and P recovery will be developed to enhance animal nutrition, manure nutrient management, and reduce the impact of poultry production systems on the environment. Research information is critically needed on the contribution of manure organic phosphorus such as phytic acid from feeds to the sources and sinks of dissolved phosphorus in the soil-manure-water environments. Substantial amounts of organic phosphorus stored in feed grains are excreted in feces, contributing to water quality impairments rather than animal productivity. High-efficiency dietary phytases can enhance feed phosphorus assimilation and potentially lower the level of phosphorus discharged to the environment. Studies of dietary supplements have been delayed in view of the continued intensity of the avian influenza epidemic in Vietnam and neighboring countries. The conditions persist and restrict the team�s ability to pursue such animal studies under this project. Contingencies plans were implemented to explore the use of x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in poultry feed and dietary supplement analysis to optimize diet formulation and minimize mineral nutrient excesses and excretion. This lays the foundation for future collaborative efforts in environmental pollution prevention-environmental remediation associated with animal agriculture and poultry production in Vietnam. Based on progress and accomplishments made in the identification and isolation of high-affinity fungal phytase enzymes, transgenic studies were implemented with the Institute of Tropical Biology of the Vietnam Academy of Science & Technology colleagues on the expression of the high-affinity Aspergillus phytase genes in more benign microorganisms that are generally regarded as safe to for future evaluations and use as dietary supplements in poultry nutrition. These approaches laid the foundation for future collaborative efforts in environmental pollution prevention- environmental remediation associated with animal agriculture and poultry production in both countries. Methods of monitoring project progress have included regular electronic correspondence and site visits.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Phosphorus (P) is a mineral nutrient required for bone growth and many important energetic metabolic processes in animal, plant, and microbial systems. But P, when discharged into surface water can cause significant water pollution. Runoff from the production and feeding facilities, buildings, feed yards, waste storage areas, lagoons, etc. and runoff from land applied manure degrade water quality and diminish its intended value. The addition of phytase enzymes to animal diets has the potential to improve the phytic acid-P utilization by the animal. Phytases enzymes (myo-inositol hexaphosphate phosphohydrolase) catalyze the hydrolysis of feed grain and fiber phytic acid to myo-inositol and phosphate and thereby allow reduction in mineral P supplementation and excretion. The objectives of the collaborative research project between the Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FASVM) of Nong Lam University and USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) are to evaluate and optimize dietary phytases enzymes utilization in animal nutrition under the joint support of the Scientific Cooperation Research Program of USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service and ARS. Specific project objectives will be to: 1. Establish a long-term international collaborative research and exchange to address concerns in animal production systems and environmental stewardship between ARS, and the Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FASVM) of Nong Lam University. 2. Optimize activity of phytase enzymes produced from fungal strains of high-phytase activity and evaluation of phytase-amended feed for selected Vietnamese poultry strains, 3. Characterize feed and excreta P and controlling mechanisms of P solubilization across enzyme sources and feeding regimes to develop sustainable poultry waste management strategies. Approach (from AD-416) The research approaches will include fermentation studies to identify potential fungal strains of high hydrolytic efficiency. Purification of selected enzyme preparation will be made to isolate high-activity phytic acid-degraders and from commercial Aspergillus preparations. In controlled experiments, enzyme kinetic parameters will be determined and comparisons of hydrolytic efficiency of the isolates will be validated using selected feed and archived animal manure collections. The efficacy of phytase enzymes will be evaluated in diets of selected Vietnamese poultry strains by the FASVM-Nong Lam University cooperating scientist in Ho Chi Minh City. Knowledge on accurate P requirements of poultry and P recovery will be developed to enhance animal nutrition, manure nutrient management, and reduce the impact of poultry production systems on the environment. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Research information is critically needed on the contribution of manure organic phosphorus such as phytic acid from feeds to the sources and sinks of dissolved phosphorus in the soil-manure-water environments. Substantial amounts of organic phosphorus stored in feed grains are excreted in feces, contributing to water quality impairments rather than animal productivity. High-efficiency dietary phytases can enhance feed phosphorus assimilation and potentially lower the level of phosphorus discharged to the environment. No phytases-amended feed evaluation was performed on this project this year due to the avian influenza that continues to plague Vietnam and the region. Governmental policies and health restrictions hampered efforts of the collaborators at Nong Lam University to implement studies of feeding of dietary phytases to poultry. Alternative plans have been drawn and implemented to explore the use of high-throughput x-ray fluorescence spectroscopic techniques to perform multi-nutrient compositional analysis of poultry feed and dietary supplements in order to optimize diet formulation and minimize mineral nutrient excesses and excretion. Non-destructive multi-elemental composition of rice bran, wheat bran, corn, soybean meal, and fish meals were determined and compared well to results from elaborate wet chemistry procedures. These analytical approaches lay the foundation for future collaborative efforts in environmental pollution prevention-environmental remediation associated with animal agriculture and poultry production in both countries. ADODR project monitoring included regular electronic correspondence and site visits in FY 2008 to discuss experimental results, provide technical assistance, and validate adequacy and timeliness of fund transfer and control systems.
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