Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To compare yield response of strawberry to various compositions and salinities of irrigation water in sand tank and field plot experiments and determine chloride toxicity level for 2 varieties of strawberry. Approach (from AD-416) Two strawberry varieties Camarosa and Ventana will be planted in outdoor field plots in Riverside CA, irrigated with waters of different salinities and ion composition using a drip irrigation system and commercial N application practices. We will examine 2 water compositions, 4 salinity levels and 4 replications. We will conduct the second year of the container experiment to evaluate the yield response of Camarosa and Ventana to gypsum applications to soil when irrigating with chloride dominant water compositions. We will determine fresh fruit yields for each treatment and compare to yields from controls. We will also perform fruit and leaf ion analysis and relate these to yield response and treatment water compositions. We will evaluate the impact of water quality on phenols anthocyanin contents of strawberry. Documents Reimbursable 2ith CA Strawberry Commission. Log 35010. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations We conducted the second year of a field experiment to evaluate the chloride toxicity of two strawberry cultivars, cv. Camarosa and Ventana and compare the yield results with those obtained with a predominantly sulfate based irrigation water. Each treatment consisted of 25 sq. ft. was replicated 4 times and we had 4 different salinity levels for the chloride and sulfate irrigation waters in addition to controls. The chloride concentrations were selected with the objective of establishing the threshold value for decline in yield, based on previous years� results. Plots were fumigated and fertilized consistent with grower practice. We irrigated the plots to achieve target leaching fraction of 0. 3. Plants were irrigated via drip from storage tanks, whose composition was monitored monthly throughout the experiment. Yield data was collected from twice weekly harvests and fruit samples collected for ion analysis. Leaves were collected from each plot for ion analysis midway through the growing season and at the end. Measurements were made of net photosynthesis from leaf measurements twice during the growing season. Hyperspectral scanning measurements were made on each of the plots to evaluate capability for detecting salinity stress using this technique. At the completion of the experiment we collected soil samples at three depths for each plot to evaluate salinity and relate soil salinity to irrigation water salinity. We conducted a sandtank experiment with Cl treatments comparable to those for the field plots. In this experiment we utilized 4 replicates of six Cl levels. We determined threshold values for Cl toxicity and noted that this was variety dependent. We also compared the salinity and Cl response in the sand tank experiments to the response under field conditions using the same irrigation water composition.
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Progress 02/01/08 to 01/31/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To compare yield response of strawberry to various compositions and salinities of irrigation water in sand tank and field plot experiments and determine chloride toxicity level for 2 varieties of strawberry. Approach (from AD-416) Two strawberry varieties Camarosa and Ventana will be planted in outdoor field plots in Riverside CA, irrigated with waters of different salinities and ion composition using a drip irrigation system and commercial N application practices. We will examine 2 water compositions, 4 salinity levels and 4 replications. We will conduct the second year of the container experiment to evaluate the yield response of Camarosa and Ventana to gypsum applications to soil when irrigating with chloride dominant water compositions. We will determine fresh fruit yields for each treatment and compare to yields from controls. We will also perform fruit and leaf ion analysis and relate these to yield response and treatment water compositions. We will evaluate the impact of water quality on phenols anthocyanin contents of strawberry. Documents Reimbursable 2ith CA Strawberry Commission. Log 35010. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations National Program 211Water Availability and Watershed Management, Problem area II. Irrigation Water Management. We are currently preparing a set of field plots to evaluate the field response to irrigation waters studied previously in sand tank experiments. Typical irrigation practices differ from sand tank experiments in that the salinity in the soil increases with depth for an average rootzone salinity greater than that in the sandtanks where the rootzone water is flushed and replenished twice daily. The experiment consists of 36 plots of 25 square feet each, irrigated individually by drip irrigation We will utilize nine water treatments with four replications of each. We are examining the yield response of Camarosa and Ventana cv. The treatments as planned, consist of a control (EC 0.4 dS/m), and 4 levels of mixed cation chloride waters and 4 salinity levels of mixed cation sulfate dominant waters. We are also conducting the second year of the sand tank experiment with the same water compositions (24 tanks, two replications per treatment). Additionally we have prepared a container facility (48 containers of 60 cm diameter each) to examine the effect of soil application of gypsum on yield. Prior to planting, plots will be fumigated. Transplanting of plugs will occur in September 2008. Contact with the cooperator has occurred via conference calls and written email communication.
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