Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) We will integrate kaolin particle film coatings and plant essential oils into a more environmentally benign and sustainable management program for thrips and tomato spotted wilt in tomatoes. Approach (from AD-416) ARS and university cooperators will work with growers in a research and demonstration project to provide the fresh vegetable industry with new, environmentally benign pest management technologies for the control of thrips and tomato spotted wilt. Laboratory tests will be used to determine how treatments affect thrips transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus. Field tests and demonstration trials will be used to determine the efficacy of treatments as an IPM tactic. This project is related to inhouse objective 1. Develop habitat manipulation strategies as components of IPM programs for polyphagous pests through behavioral and ecological studies of their interactions with host plants and natural enemies. Tomato spotted wilt (TSW) virus, a viral disease transmitted by thrips, is the most important pest problem for tomato producers in the southeastern USA and cannot be controlled with insecticides. Therefore, scientists with USDA-ARS CMAVE and cooperators at the University of Florida have initiated studies to determine if kaolin and other particle films can reduce thrips and tomato spotted wilt in field grown tomatoes. Kaolin is a clay-like mineral that can be sprayed onto plants, leaving a white washable residue. Formulations of diatomaceous earth and magnesium alumino silicate can also be sprayed on plants to leave a similar white, washable residue. A field study was conducted to compare tomato spotted wilt incidence in tomato plots as affected by host plant resistance and particle films. Cultivars used were BHN 602 (TSW resistant) and FL 47 (TSW susceptible). Treatments were set up as main plots and were arranged as a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Main plots were split by variety. Sub-plots treatments consisted of the following: 1) untreated check; 2) mixture of diatomaceous earth plus magnesium alumino silicate; 3) kaolin and 4) mixture of treatments 2 and 3. Overall TSW incidence was low, but the particle film mixture provided as good of control of TSW as the use of a TSW cultivar.
Impacts
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Publications
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) We will integrate kaolin particle film coatings and plant essential oils into a more environmentally benign and sustainable management program for thrips and tomato spotted wilt in tomatoes. Approach (from AD-416) ARS and university cooperators will work with growers in a research and demonstration project to provide the fresh vegetable industry with new, environmentally benign pest management technologies for the control of thrips and tomato spotted wilt. Laboratory tests will be used to determine how treatments affect thrips transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus. Field tests and demonstration trials will be used to determine the efficacy of treatments as an IPM tactic. This research relates to inhouse objectives: 1) To integrate weed and insect biological control to prevent the dispersal and spread of disease- vectoring thrips into agricultural environments. Tomato spotted wilt, a viral disease transmitted by thrips, is the most important pest problem for tomato producers in the southeastern USA and cannot be controlled with insecticides. Therefore, scientists with USDA- ARS CMAVE and cooperators at the University of Florida have initiated studies to determine if certain plant essential oils and kaolin can reduce thrips and tomato spotted wilt in field grown tomatoes. Many plant essential oils naturally occurring substances are known to have a wide range of biological activities, including toxicity and repellency to certain insect pests. Kaolin is a clay-like mineral that can be sprayed onto plants, leaving a white washable residue. Kaolin-based particle films originally were developed to reduce heat stress and sunburn damage in fruit trees, but additional research has focused on kaolin as an environmentally benign method to suppress insect pests and plant diseases. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine how kaolin and plant essential oils, alone and in combination, affect feeding damage by thrips and transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus by thrips. Initial results indicate that kaolin applications can produce a five-fold reduction in thrips feeding damage.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) We will integrate kaolin particle film coatings and plant essential oils into a more environmentally benign and sustainable management program for thrips and tomato spotted wilt in tomatoes. Approach (from AD-416) ARS and university cooperators will work with growers in a research and demonstration project to provide the fresh vegetable industry with new, environmentally benign pest management technologies for the control of thrips and tomato spotted wilt. Laboratory tests will be used to determine how treatments affect thrips transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus. Field tests and demonstration trials will be used to determine the efficacy of treatments as an IPM tactic. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This project relates to objectives 1 and 2 of the inhouse project: 1) To integrate weed and insect biological control to prvent the dispersal and spread of disease-vectoring thrips into agricultural environments; and 2) Develop biologically based techniques to limit the spread of the invasive cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum. Tomato spotted wilt, a viral disease transmitted by thrips, is the most important pest problem for tomato producers in the southeastern USA and cannot be controlled with insecticides. Therefore, scientists with USDA- ARS CMAVE and cooperators at the University of Florida have initiated studies to determine if certain plant essential oils and kaolin can reduce thrips and tomato spotted wilt in field grown tomatoes. Many plant essential oils naturally occurring substances are known to have a wide range of biological activities, including toxicity and repellency to certain insect pests. Kaolin is a clay-like mineral that can be sprayed onto plants, leaving a white washable residue. Kaolin-based particle films originally were developed to reduce heat stress and sunburn damage in fruit trees, but additional research has focused on kaolin as an environmentally benign method to suppress insect pests and plant diseases. Trials were established to compare two essential oil treatments (lemongrass oil, tea tree oil) with a standard insecticide regime and an untreated control. These treatments were applied with and without kaolin, and with and without Acibenzolar-S-methyl, a systemically acquired resistance inducer. Data are currently being analyzed and future research will address how best to incorporate these materials into more effective and sustainable tomato production systems. Additional research is being conducted in laboratory bioassays to determine how these materials affect feeding damage by thrips.
Impacts
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Publications
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) We will integrate kaolin particle film coatings and plant essential oils into a more environmentally benign and sustainable management program for thrips and tomato spotted wilt in tomatoes. Approach (from AD-416) ARS and university cooperators will work with growers in a research and demonstration project to provide the fresh vegetable industry with new, environmentally benign pest management technologies for the control of thrips and tomato spotted wilt. Laboratory tests will be used to determine how treatments affect thrips transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus. Field tests and demonstration trials will be used to determine the efficacy of treatments as an IPM tactic. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This project is related to Objective 1 of this in-house project: Integrate weed and insect biological control to prevent the dispersal and spread of disease-vectoring thrips into agricultural environments. Tomato spotted wilt, a viral disease transmitted by thrips, is the most important pest problem for tomato producers in the southeastern USA and cannot be controlled with insecticides. Therefore, scientists with USDA- ARS CMAVE and cooperators at the University of Florida have initiated studies to determine if certain plant essential oils and kaolin can reduce thrips and tomato spotted wilt in field grown tomatoes. Many plant essential oils naturally occurring substances are known to have a wide range of biological activities, including toxicity and repellency to certain insect pests. Kaolin is a clay-like mineral that can be sprayed onto plants, leaving a white washable residue. Kaolin-based particle films originally were developed to reduce heat stress and sunburn damage in fruit trees, but additional research has focused on kaolin as an environmentally benign method to suppress insect pests and plant diseases. Trials were established to compare three essential oil treatments (geraniol, lemongrass oil, tea tree oil) with a standard insecticide regime and an untreated control. These treatments were applied with and without kaolin. Results show that kaolin and the essential oils act synergistically to reduce the incidence of tomato spotted wilt. Future research will address how best to incorporate these materials into more effective and sustainable tomato production systems.
Impacts
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