Progress 06/09/06 to 05/01/11
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1) determine the release rate of nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) from three fish by-products in soil; 2) determine the nutrient uptake rate by crop plants from those materials; 3) determine the optimal application rate for each by-product for crop production; and 4) demonstrate the nutritional value of the by-products in organic producer's field. Approach (from AD-416) A laboratory incubation and three field experiments will be conducted. Analyses for soil samples: total N and P, NH4+, NO3-, Melhich 3 extractable P, K and micronutrients, pH, EC. (EC will be done at Soil Research Laboratory in Fairbanks, the rest will be done in the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer). Analyses for plant samples will include biomass, N, P, K, and micronutrients (all analyses except biomass will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer. Analyses for grain samples will be yield, test weight, N, P, K, minerals, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (ADF) (indicators of feed quality). The elemental analysis will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer, the rest will be done at Fairbanks. This research evaluated fish meal, bone meal and hydrolysate as fertilizers in Alaska in accordance with ARS project objective #2, �Develop economical processes and methods for the collection, stabilization and storage of raw seafood byproducts to optimize their chemical, nutritional, and physical qualities for uses including food and feed ingredients, fertilizers and bio-chemicals." The Alaska fishing industry produces over 1,250,000 metric tons of fish processing byproducts annually and much of the byproduct is not utilized. Fish byproducts such as fish meal, fish protein hydrolysate and fish bone meal, manufactured from these byproducts are rich in plant essential nutrients and can be used as nutrient sources for crop production. The objective of the study was to quantify nutrient release in soil and crop production from the use of fish byproducts under Alaskan soil and climatic conditions. Laboratory incubation and field plot experiments were conducted to determine nitrogen release and nutrient recovery by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from two different soils treated with fish meal, fish bone meal, and fish protein hydrolysate. Field experiments were conducted in the Fairbanks and Delta Junction areas of Alaska. Benchmark soil samples were taken at each site prior to the experiment, and soil samples from each treatment were taken in the fall of 2006, and 2007. The three fish byproducts released 65 to 80% of their N during 56- days of incubation. On average, barley recovered 78% of the applied N from fish meal, 65% from fish bone meal, and 50% from fish hydrolysate at the Fairbanks site, and these were higher than measured for urea treatments (42%). Biomass production for both sites followed the same trend as N uptake. Plants also recovered substantial amounts of micro nutrients from the fish byproducts. The field experiment demonstrated that fish meal and fish bone meal worked as well as urea fertilizer when applied at same rate. In conclusion, fish processing byproducts can be used as a good nutrient source for crop production under conditions found in Alaska. The agreement was monitored through monthly phone calls, emails, and meetings.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1) determine the release rate of nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) from three fish by-products in soil; 2) determine the nutrient uptake rate by crop plants from those materials; 3) determine the optimal application rate for each by-product for crop production; and 4) demonstrate the nutritional value of the by-products in organic producer's field. Approach (from AD-416) A laboratory incubation and three field experiments will be conducted. Analyses for soil samples: total N and P, NH4+, NO3-, Melhich 3 extractable P, K and micronutrients, pH, EC. (EC will be done at Soil Research Laboratory in Fairbanks, the rest will be done in the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer). Analyses for plant samples will include biomass, N, P, K, and micronutrients (all analyses except biomass will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer. Analyses for grain samples will be yield, test weight, N, P, K, minerals, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (ADF) (indicators of feed quality). The elemental analysis will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer, the rest will be done at Fairbanks. Documents SCA with University of Alaska Fairbanks. Formerly 5341-31410-003-05S(12/09). This collaboration was monitored through phone calls, emails, and meetings in Fairbanks, Alaska, with Dr. Zhang and his graduate student. Analyses were completed for NH4-N and NO3-N in soil samples after incubation of three fish meal products in field trials. A study under way is evaluating different fractions of soluble organic N for developing a predictor of available N from fish byproducts.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1) determine the release rate of nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) from three fish by-products in soil; 2) determine the nutrient uptake rate by crop plants from those materials; 3) determine the optimal application rate for each by-product for crop production; and 4) demonstrate the nutritional value of the by-products in organic producer's field. Approach (from AD-416) A laboratory incubation and three field experiments will be conducted. Analyses for soil samples: total N and P, NH4+, NO3-, Melhich 3 extractable P, K and micronutrients, pH, EC. (EC will be done at Soil Research Laboratory in Fairbanks, the rest will be done in the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer). Analyses for plant samples will include biomass, N, P, K, and micronutrients (all analyses except biomass will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer. Analyses for grain samples will be yield, test weight, N, P, K, minerals, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (ADF) (indicators of feed quality). The elemental analysis will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer, the rest will be done at Fairbanks. Documents SCA with University of Alaska Fairbanks. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations The ADODR monitored project activities with telephone calls and visits to the office of the project PI on the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus. Using fish byproducts as a source of plant nutrient promotes food production in Alaska. Three processed fish byproducts (fish meal, fish bone meal, and fish hydrolysate) were applied in arable land in 2006 and 2007 in the Delta Junction area of Alaska to determine their impact on barley growth and soil fertility. Results of their influence on barley biomass yield and soil nutrient status in the year of application were reported previously. The focus of this report is on barley biomass production, plant nutrient recovery, and soil nutrient status two or three years after the fish byproduct application. Barley biomass was measured in fall 2008. Barley tissue and soil samples were taken for determination of N, P, K and micronutrient concentration. Results indicated that all fish byproducts in the third year after application showed no benefit to barley biomass production. In contrast, in the second year after application, barley biomass from fish meal and fish bone meal applied at 100 kg N/ha or higher was significantly higher (p = 0.05) than that of the control. In 2008, barley plants recovered 20% and 17% of N from fish bone meal and fish meal applied in 2007, respectively. Elevated mineral N concentration was found with soils receiving fish byproduct application. In conclusion, a significant amount of nutrients (especially N) were released from fish byproducts in the second year after their application. But in the third year, there was little impact from fish byproduct application on barley growth. These results suggested a reduced application rate of fish byproduct can be used in the second year. This will help producers managing fish byproduct use for crop production and are of great interest to the manufactures of fish meals and fish hydrolysates.
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1) determine the release rate of nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) from three fish by-products in soil; 2) determine the nutrient uptake rate by crop plants from those materials; 3) determine the optimal application rate for each by-product for crop production; and 4) demonstrate the nutritional value of the by-products in organic producer's field. Approach (from AD-416) A laboratory incubation and three field experiments will be conducted. Analyses for soil samples: total N and P, NH4+, NO3-, Melhich 3 extractable P, K and micronutrients, pH, EC. (EC will be done at Soil Research Laboratory in Fairbanks, the rest will be done in the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer). Analyses for plant samples will include biomass, N, P, K, and micronutrients (all analyses except biomass will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer. Analyses for grain samples will be yield, test weight, N, P, K, minerals, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (ADF) (indicators of feed quality). The elemental analysis will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer, the rest will be done at Fairbanks. Documents SCA with University of Alaska Fairbanks. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations The ADODR monitored project activities for this research with monthly updates, e-mail communications, and a site visit in Fairbanks. The expanding of organic farming in Alaska demands alternative nutrient sources for crop production. Fish meals manufactured from Alaska fish waste can be used for vegetable production. To best understand the nutritional value of the fish meals, three fish by-products (fish meal, fish bone meal, and fish hydrolysate) were evaluated in Delta Junction and at the Fairbanks Experiment Farm for their nutrient release and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growth response in 2007 and 2008. The experiment has been conducted by a joint research team consisting of Doctors from School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, UAF, and Docters from the Subarctic Agricultural Research Unit, USDA, ARS. The three fish meal products were applied at 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha rate along with a control treatment receiving no nutrient application, and a urea treatment with 100 kg N/ha application are included. The experiment is in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. Soil samples and plant samples were taken, and biomass and N concentration were determined. The results showed that at current year of application, the fish meal and fish bone meal were as good as urea fertilizer. Crops also responded to fish meals applied in the previous year. The information was presented in an agriculture producers� meeting and will provide guidelines for producers who use fish meal as nutrient sources for crop production. A manuscript is being prepared for publication.
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1) determine the release rate of nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) from three fish by-products in soil; 2) determine the nutrient uptake rate by crop plants from those materials; 3) determine the optimal application rate for each by-product for crop production; and 4) demonstrate the nutritional value of the by-products in organic producer's field. Approach (from AD-416) A laboratory incubation and three field experiments will be conducted. Analyses for soil samples: total N and P, NH4+, NO3-, Melhich 3 extractable P, K and micronutrients, pH, EC. (EC will be done at Soil Research Laboratory in Fairbanks, the rest will be done in the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer). Analyses for plant samples will include biomass, N, P, K, and micronutrients (all analyses except biomass will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer. Analyses for grain samples will be yield, test weight, N, P, K, minerals, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (ADF) (indicators of feed quality). The elemental analysis will be done at the AFES Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory at Palmer, the rest will be done at Fairbanks. Documents SCA with University of Alaska Fairbanks. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of Alaska-Fairbanks. Additional details of the research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 5341-31410-003-00D, Converting Alaska Fish By-Products Into Value Added Ingredients and Products. The ADODR monitored project activities for this research with monthly updates, e-mail communications, and a site visit to the field plots on August 3, 2006. The expansion of organic farming in Alaska demands alternative nutrient sources for crop production. A project was conducted in 2006 to evaluate plant nutritional value of Alaska fish by-products. The project consisted of laboratory incubation, field research plots, and on farm demonstration. Over all, there were three objectives: 1) to determine the rate of nitrogen(N) and phophorous(P) release from three fish by-products (fish meal, fish bone meal, and fish hydrolysate) in laboratory and field incubation; 2) to determine optimal application rate for three fish by- products in the field; and 3) to demonstrate the effectiveness of the three fish by-products on crop growth in comparison with the other organic N sources used by farmers. Incubation experiments were conducted in the laboratory. Soils samples were collected from Fairbanks and the Delta Junction area. During the incubation, soil samples were taken periodically. Field experiments were conducted in Fairbanks and the Delta Junction area with treatments of 1) Control; 2) N fertilizer at 100 kg N/ha; 3) Whitefish bone meal, whitefish meal, and salmon hydrolysate slurry, each at 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha. During the growing season, soil samples and plant samples were taken at plant anthesis and senescence. The on-farm demonstration plots were set up in Fairbanks for lettuce and in the Delta Junction area for potatoes. The major findings from the project in 2006 were 1) N release from the three by-products followed a two stage release pattern, a fast release phase until seven days and a slow release phase thereafter; 2) the apparent mineral N recovery in soil incubation at 56th day was 88% for fish meal and fish bone meal, but only 62% for fish hydrolysate; 3) phosphorus release into soil from fish meals was not changed over the 56-day incubation time; 4) there was no difference in crop dry mass production in Fairbanks due to high soil fertility at the tested site; but crop biomass responded to the rate of fish by-product application sampled at anthesis stage in the Delta Junction area, but no difference was found among the three fish by-products for biomass production at any rate; 5) observation in farmers� fields indicated that the fish bone meal (< 4 mm in size) was better than the fish meal. Technology Transfer Number of Non-Peer Reviewed Presentations and Proceedings: 2
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between an ARS scientist in Fairbanks on the evaluation of nutritional values of Alaska whitefish by-products for organic food production and Drs. Zhang and Sparrow of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences. Additional details of research can be found in the annual report for the parent CRIS 5341-31410-003-00D. The objective of this cooperative research project is to investigate using white fish meal, white fish bone meal and salmon hydrolysate as soil amendments. The nutrient release rate of the three fish by-products will be simulated with mathematical models so that the release rates can be compared, and predicted at a given condition. Trials are under way and samples will be obtained during the summer of 2006 and analysis completed by May 2007. This information will be used to make
recommendations to organic farmers in Alaska on application rate for different whitefish by- products. Filed trials will be harvested in mid August 2006.
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