Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To develop hard winter wheats with resistance to nascent races of stripe rust in the Great Plains. Approach (from AD-416) Wheat breeding lines from USDA-ARS hard winter wheat regional nurseries (Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries, and Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery) will be planted at two south Texas locations, and evaluated for reactions to natural infestations of stripe rust. Texas is the forefront in the battle to control wheat disease. The inoculums of leaf, stem, and stripe rusts of wheat usually over winter in the southern parts of the state. When environmental conditions are favorable, wheat rust epidemics commence in south Texas and then spread north, at times infesting the entire Great Plains wheat belt. This project was established to evaluate newly developed wheat breeding lines for rust resistance at the center of rust racial evolution. Over the course of the project, nearly 2000 lines entered in the USDA-ARS coordinated Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries (SRPN, NRPN), and the Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery (RGON) were tested for resistance to natural infestations of wheat leaf and stripe rust. In addition, each year approximately 5,000 breeding lines from Great Plains winter wheat breeding programs were screened for reaction to natural infestations of the aforementioned rust types. The primary nursery is located near Castroville, TX but some materials also are evaluated in Bushland and McGregor nurseries. A new race of stripe rust virulent to the important resistance gene Yr17 was first reported in Texas in 2010 and has since been reported throughout the Great Plains. Many cultivars and breeding lines that were previously resistant to stripe rust were susceptible to this new race. Stripe rust readings from variety trials and regional nurseries were sent to breeders, giving them advance notice of vulnerability. Breeding lines with potential resistance to this new race were identified in materials from TX, OK, KS, NE, SD, MT and from USDA-ARS breeding programs. This information is not only valuable for evaluating segregating populations and advanced breeding lines, but also change of races in popular Great Plains cultivars can be witnessed in south Texas in early to mid-April when the crop still is in its early stages in other areas of the Great Plains. The rust screening nurseries established by this project have allowed an increase the level of leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust resistance in Great Plains wheat breeding lines. Most advanced lines and all recent release candidates from Texas are resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust (including the potentially devastating race Ug99). Continued development of rust resistant wheat in Texas is crucial to the safety of the entire Great Plains wheat industry, and this project has been instrumental in achieving this goal. ADODR monitoring is accomplished via phone calls, e- mails and personal contact at professional meetings and during site visits.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To develop hard winter wheats with resistance to nascent races of stripe rust in the Great Plains. Approach (from AD-416) Wheat breeding lines from USDA-ARS hard winter wheat regional nurseries (Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries, and Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery) will be planted at two south Texas locations, and evaluated for reactions to natural infestations of stripe rust. Texas AgriLife Research evaluated several USDA-ARS coordinated Regional Nurseries (SRPN, NRPN, RGON, UBWT) and approximately 3500 breeding lines from Great Plains winter wheat breeding programs for reaction to natural infestations of leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. The primary nursery was located near Castroville and some materials were also evaluated in Bushland and McGregor nurseries. A new race of stripe rust virulent on Yr17 was reported in Texas in March and April and has since been reported throughout the Great Plains. Many cultivars and breeding lines that were previously resistant to stripe rust were susceptible to this new race. Stripe rust readings from variety trials and regional nurseries were sent to breeders, giving them advance notice of vulnerability. The TAMU breeding program continues to make strong progress. Rust screening nurseries and molecular markers have allowed an increase in the level of leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust resistance in our breeding lines. The majority of the advanced lines and all release candidates are resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust (including Ug99). High incidence and severity of a new race of stripe rust (Yr17 virulent) was present in College Station and Castroville, allowing identification of resistant material to advance. Most of the wheat that is planted for grazing only in Texas is planted with old awnless cultivars that are susceptible to stem rust. This greatly increases the over-wintering of stem rust in the U.S. A goal is to release an Ug99 resistant awnless wheat cultivar to replace the currently grown Russian Beardless derivatives by the year 2012. ADODR monitoring is done via e-mails, phone calls, site visits.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To develop hard winter wheats with resistance to nascent races of stripe rust in the Great Plains. Approach (from AD-416) Wheat breeding lines from USDA-ARS hard winter wheat regional nurseries (Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries, and Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery) will be planted at two south Texas locations, and evaluated for reactions to natural infestations of stripe rust. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Progress report: Wheat leaf, stem and stripe rust are potentially devastating diseases. Wheat breeders require yearly information on the resistance responses of advanced breeding lines. This information is used to select cultivars for release to producers, and to identify resistant parents for use in the development of new wheat breeding lines. Texas AgriLife Research, a division of Texas A&M University, evaluated the USDA- ARS wheat Regional Nurseries (SRPN, NRPN, RGON) and approximately 3500 advanced breeding lines from Great Plains winter wheat breeding programs for reaction to natural infestations of leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. The primary nursery was located near Castroville and some material were also evaluated in Bushland and McGregor nurseries. The TAM Wheat Improvement program evaluated their advanced breeding lines for the presence of molecular markers linked to Ug99 stem rust resistance and found a relatively high frequency of Sr2, Sr24, 1RS-Am, and Tmp resistance genes. New sources of resistance are also being incorporated. Advanced lines were sent to Kenya for field screening with Ug99. A potential new hard red winter wheat cultivar for south and central Texas is being increased with the intent to release in 2010. TX01V5134RC-3 is postulated to have 1RS-Am and Sr24 and in addition to Ug99 resistance, it also is resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew. It has been in state-wide trials for three years and in regional trials (SRPN) for two years. Most of the wheat that is planted for grazing only in Texas is planted with old awnless cultivars that are susceptible to stem rust. This greatly increases the over-wintering of stem rust in the U.S. The goal is to release an Ug99 resistant awnless wheat cultivar to replace the currently grown Russian Beardless derivatives by the year 2012. ADODR monitoring was conducted via e-mail, phone calls, and discussions while attending professional meetings.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To develop hard winter wheats with resistance to nascent races of stripe rust in the Great Plains. Approach (from AD-416) Wheat breeding lines from USDA-ARS hard winter wheat regional nurseries (Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries, and Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery) will be planted at two south Texas locations, and evaluated for reactions to natural infestations of stripe rust. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Field observations of leaf and stripe rust resistance in U.S. wheat breeding lines are conducted under this research. Both rusts tend to arise each year in south Texas, and spread north. Observations on disease responses of wheat from across the U.S. in south Texas locations will facilitate deployment of resistance across the nation. Leaf rust and stem rust observations were obtained at Castroville, and leaf rust resistance was scored at McGregor. Stripe rust was not observed at any of the locations. Data was distributed to U.S. wheat breeding programs. Data also was collected from the USDA-ARS coordinated regional nurseries and was distributed via ARS web pages. Marker assisted selection for stem rust resistance also is being conducted. The cooperator screened approximately 8,000 breeding lines for the presence of 1A/1R, which confers resistance to Ug99 stem rust. Populations with other selectable markers are being developed. The project is monitored through frequent meetings, telephone conversations, and emails with the Cooperator.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) To develop hard winter wheats with resistance to nascent races of stripe rust in the Great Plains. Approach (from AD-416) Wheat breeding lines from USDA-ARS hard winter wheat regional nurseries (Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries, and Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery) will be planted at two south Texas locations, and evaluated for reactions to natural infestations of stripe rust. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report documents research conducted under a Specific Cooperative Agreement between ARS and Texas A&M University. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the in-house associated project 5440-21000-025-00D, Genetic Improvement and Evaluation of Hard Winter and Spring Wheats. Due to a severe drought throughout the state of Texas, leaf rust or stripe rust were not observed at any of our nurseries in the 2006 season. In the fall of 2006 eleven breeding nurseries, containing approximately 1400 advanced breeding lines, were planted in short rows at Bushland, Castroville and McGregor, TX. Leaf rust and stripe rust observations were recorded at Bushland, and leaf rust was monitored at Castroville. McGregor was lost due to flooding and hail early in the season. For the 2008 season 80-100 entries from the USDA-ARS-coordinated Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries and 250-350 entries from the Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery will be planted at three locations in Texas, Bushland, Castroville, and McGregor. The material will be evaluated for resistance to natural infestations of leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. Other observations will be recorded as appropriate. Information will be transferred to participating U.S. wheat breeding programs via USDA web-based reports. Marker assisted selection will be used to incorporate stem rust resistance into Texas wheat cultivars. Progress is monitored via attendance at the annual Hard Winter Wheat Breeders Field Day, and via emailed progress reports from cooperators.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and Texas A&M University. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent project 5440-21000-025-00D. 80-100 entries from the USDA-ARS-coordinated Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries, and 250-350 entries from the Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery were planted at Castroville and McGregor, TX for evaluation of stripe rust resistance. Environmental conditions during the 2006 growing season were characterized by severe drought, and stripe rust did not develop. Entries from the 2006-2007 Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries, and the Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery, will be seeded in the fall of 2006 for evaluation during the 2007 season. Two-hundred and sixty stripe rust resistant lines were identified under a natural epidemic at Mead, NE in 2005. These materials will be
reseeded in the fall of 2006 and lines with promising agronomic performance will be tested in south Texas nurseries in subsequent years.
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