Progress 11/01/04 to 04/30/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Generate new information on whole plant nutrient uptake in rice over the course of the growing season; develop or revise management practices to help farmers utilize N more efficiently in rice wheat systems by comparing of nitrogen monitoring tools (SPAD, LCC, canopy sensors); work- out protocols and procedures for use of canopy sensors to assess crop vigor and estimate yields in rice (puddled and unpuddled) and wheat. Approach (from AD-416) Nutrient uptake curves for rice will be completed at Ludhiana(PAU) and wheat including multicut wheat (dual purpose wheat fodder and grain) will be carried out at Karnal (DWR). Both sites will use SPAD meters, canopy sensors and qualitative index (Leaf Color Chart) for planning N fertilizer schedules. DWR- Karnal and GIS Lab at CSSRI in Karnal and PAU- Ludhiana will calibrate in-season plant measurements with yields. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report serves to document research carried out under a cooperative agreement between ARS and CIMMYT, particularly their Rice Wheat Consortium based in New Delhi, India. This work falls under the auspices of and is funded by a reimbursable agreement between ARS and USAID (0210- 22310-002-84R). This agreement was officially closed on April 30, 2007. Using a nitrogen fertilizer optimization algorithm for use with optical sensors, relationships of in-season estimate of yield of rice and wheat were developed for different stages of the crops using data from field experiments conducted between 2004 and 2007 with different crop cultivars in Ludhiana, Karnal and Modipuram. The Holland and Green-seeker optical sensors offered a distinct advantage over need based N management tools (SPAD meter and leaf color chart). In puddle transplanted rice, the optical sensors did not work properly until the canopy closed, reducing interference from the water. At later stages, INSEY grain yield relations developed with the sensorscould be used to predict yield potential and N application rates. It was found that 10-20% N could be saved without a yield penalty in wheat if the prevailing �blanket� fertilizer N recommendations were replaced with sensor based N application at Feekes 7/8 stage. In rice, reduction in fertilizer N application was obtained with equal grain yield when compared to traditional blanket doses of 120 and 150Kg N ha-1. As a result of this project, during the project period CIMMYT �RWC conducted six Indian and one international training on optical sensor based N management for more than 80 scientists, separate from this agreement. Project findings were presented at The 2nd International Rice Congress, October 2006, New Delhi, India.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report serves to document research carried out under a cooperative agreement between ARS and CIMMYT, particularly their Rice Wheat Consortium based in New Delhi, India. This work falls under the auspices of and is funded by a reimbursable agreement between ARS and USAID (0210- 22310-002-84R). Research activities were principally conducted by cooperators at the Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR), located in Karnal, India, and at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) in Ludhiana, India. Field experiments were completed during the winter 2005, 2006 season and 2006 rice Fall season just finishing at the time of reporting. The projects primary objectives are: -Develop nutrient response and uptake curves for rice and wheat -Compare N monitoring tools (SPAD & LCC vis-a-vis canopy sensors for assessment of N needs by the crop plants -develop protocols and procedures for use of canopy sensors to assess crop vigor and estimate yields in
rice and wheat Research activities carried out over the past year included: -correlation coefficients in rice and wheat between LCC and both the Greenseeker and Holland sensors -seasonal nitrogen uptake, biomass and NDVI for different wheat varieties -developed equation between grain yield and in-season estimates of grain yield (INSEY) to predict potential yield, -found that wheat crop optical sensor based on N management is possible only at 2nd and 3rd irrigation which correspond to Feekes 5/6 (50-60 DAS) and Feekes 7/8 stages (65-75 DAS) -compared INSEY-GY relations in wheat and rice during 2004/05 and 2005/06 using Greenseeker and Holland sensors -Greenseeker guided fertilizer N recommendations for wheat improved N use efficiency as well as grain protein content -evaluated Greenseeker based N management in rice; data is being prepared at the time of writing Funding for the project from USAID is no longer available but the project will continue on other funds during the 2006-2007
wheat season.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
4d Progress report. This report serves to document research carried out under a cooperative agreement between ARS and CIMMYT, particularly their Rice Wheat Consortium based in New Delhi, India. This work falls under the auspices of and is funded by a reimbursable agreement between ARS and USAID (0210- 22310-002-22R). Research activities were principally conducted by cooperators at the Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR), located in Karnal, India, and at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) in Ludhiana, India. Field experiments were completed during the Rabi (winter) 2004, 2005 season by DWR to: 1) establish critical values of the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) for scheduling nitrogen application in wheat; 2) examine the progressive uptake of nitrogen; 3) examine biomass accumulation; 4) study the use of simple leaf color charts for use in wheat. Corresponding experiments for rice are underway at the time of reporting. The PAU conducted wheat
experiments from Rabi 2004, 2005. Results are being analyzed and relationships between biomass yield (total and grain) and nutrients (NDVI measurements) taken at different stages are being developed. Rice experiments for 2005 are ongoing at this time.
Impacts
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