Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Perform replicated tests in two environments to determine if common agrichemicals selectively reduce genetic diversity in wild potato populations. Approach (from AD-416) Both in Peru and U.S.: Identify and collect individuals from wild potato species growing away from cultivated fields. Propagate clonally in the genebanks. Test individual plants for effects of common agrichemicals: On individual plants themselves, on germination of their seeds, and on viability of their pollen. Exchange materials and retest under the cooperator's conditions. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This project is a cooperation with the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. Evaluations continued in the highlands of central Peru, testing the effect of insecticides applied to wild species populations that grow in proximity to farmers� fields. Previous data confirmed that onset of flowering, pollen viability, duration of flowering, number of berries set, number of seeds, and number of tubers were affected by the application of the pesticide in some species. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from populations of species showing significant changes in traits associated to reproductive capacity were collected to test whether these changes impact levels of genetic diversity; when compared to untreated control samples. Different simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers specific to potatoes were screened to identify those with good resolution and polymorphism in the species to test. SSR markers will be used to measure parameters of genetic structure within-populations and to assess levels of genetic differentiation between-populations. In the US, populations exposed to human activity and comparable populations more remote were collected and sampled for DNA pursuant to genetic testing by Peruvian collaborators. These results continue to provide new information about the form and severity of human chemical impact on reproductive fitness of wild potato populations and on genetic diversity. It may be that wild potato populations growing close to human activity, although easily accessible for collection, have less genetic richness than those at more remote, isolated sites. This cooperative project is monitored by email correspondence and two site visits to Peru.
Impacts
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Publications
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Progress 09/01/04 to 08/31/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Perform replicated tests in two environments to determine if common agrichemicals selectively reduce genetic diversity in wild potato populations. Approach (from AD-416) Both in Peru and U.S.: Identify and collect individuals from wild potato species growing away from cultivated fields. Propagate clonally in the genebanks. Test individual plants for effects of common agrichemicals: On individual plants themselves, on germination of their seeds, and on viability of their pollen. Exchange materials and retest under the cooperator's conditions. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Evaluations continued in the highlands of central Peru, testing the effect of insecticides applied to wild species populations that grow in proximity to farmers� fields. Additional data confirmed that onset of flowering, pollen viability, duration of flowering, number of berries set, number of seeds, and number of tubers were affected by the application of the pesticide in some species. DNA was collected from base populations and those selected by the agrichemical agents pursuant to measuring differences in genetic diversity. In the US, populations exposed to human activity and comparable populations more remote were collected and sampled for DNA pursuant to genetic testing by Peruvian collaborators. These results continue to provide new information about the form and severity of human chemical impact on reproductive fitness of wild potato populations. It may be that wild potato populations growing close to human activity, although easily accessible for collection, have less genetic richness than those at more remote, isolated sites. This cooperative project is monitored by email correspondence and two site visits to Peru.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Perform replicated tests in two environments to determine if common agrichemicals selectively reduce genetic diversity in wild potato populations. Approach (from AD-416) Both in Peru and U.S.: Identify and collect individuals from wild potato species growing away from cultivated fields. Propagate clonally in the genebanks. Test individual plants for effects of common agrichemicals: On individual plants themselves, on germination of their seeds, and on viability of their pollen. Exchange materials and retest under the cooperator's conditions. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report serves to document accomplishments under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and The International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. Additional details of research can be found in the parent project 3655-21000-039-00D. Evaluations continued in the highlands of central Peru, testing the effect of insecticides applied to wild species populations that grow in proximity to farmers� fields. As previously observed, onset of flowering, pollen viability, duration of flowering, number of berries set, number of seeds, and number of tubers were affected by the application of the pesticide in some species. In the US, a test for in vitro pollen viability was developed for direct assessment of male fertility, and germination tests were conducted under simulated acid rain and copper contamination from mines. These results provide new information about the form and severity of human chemical impact on reproductive fitness of wild potato populations. It may be that wild potato populations growing close to human activity, although easily accessible for collection, have less genetic richness than those at more remote, isolated sites. This cooperative project was monitored by email correspondence and a site visit to Peru in May 2007.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 3655-21000-039-00D, Conservation and Utilization of Potato Genetic Resources. Evaluations were conducted in screenhouse plantings in the highlands of central Peru in the locality of Huancayo in Junin province. FuradanRG 4F (carbofuran, an insecticide and nematicide) was applied to wild species populations that grow in proximity to farmers fields. Onset of flowering, pollen viability, duration of flowering, number of berries set, number of seeds, and number of tubers were affected by the application of the pesticide in some species. These results suggest that agrichemicals may play a role in changing the reproductive fitness and population structures of native wild potato species in proximity to
cultivated fields. If so, these sites, although relatively easy to access, may provide an inferior (less genetically diverse) sample for the ex situ genebank than more remote populations that have been isolated from human influence.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 3655-21000-039-00D, Conservation and Utilization of Potato Genetic Resources. The project was established this year by identifying wild populations of potato in Peru that had been sampled many years ago, before the widespread use of agrichemicals. New samples were collected and are being grown for comparison to the old ones. In the US, collections were made in a remote wilderness area of Arizona and propagated for future analysis. The ARS cooperator visited Peruvian partners to exchange information and plan. These steps will lead to the ability to compare "pristine" wild germplasm to current populations, which are increasingly subject to selection pressures related to proximity of human activities. If such
influences are significant, it implies that older germplasm collections preserved in genebanks may have more or unique genetic diversity and thus be of particular value.
Impacts
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