Progress 05/10/04 to 05/09/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Develop superior silage germplasm from GEM sources to enhance silage quality and yield. Approach (from AD-416) Conduct agronomic and quality assessments in replicated yield trials in Madison and Arlington, WI. Traits measured include forage yield at 35% whole plant dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro digestibility of ND (IVNDFD), crude protein (CP), and starch. A selection index will be used based on potential milk production per acre. The following sources of germplasm will be used: 1) ~25 new GEM topcrosses based on 2003 GEM trial data, 2) ~160 topcrosses involving lines derived at the UW from GEM populations CUBA164:S15, CUBA117:S1520, URZM13085:N0204, ARZM17026:N1013, ARZM17026:N1019, SCRO1:N1310, CH05015:N15, and DKXL370:N11a20. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This project relates to the primary objectives of the parent project which includes the development and evaluation of value-added traits such as silage nutritional quality and yield. During the past five years of this project numerous populations have been evaluated and in 2004 a finished inbred line that originated from one of the GEM populations (ARZM 17026:N1019) was released for use as a parent of silage hybrids. In 2005, a new breeding population derived from GEM-derived sources of germplasm was initiated. Selected families from populations CUBA164:S1517 and CUBA117:S1520 were intermated to form the GEM Quality Synthetic (GQS). GQS is approximately 75% Stiff Stalk. In the following years, GQS half sib families were further inbred and selected each season to produce 200 S2 lines lines. Crosses are being made with these 200 S2 lines in summer 2009 for yield testing in 2010. Approximately 70 GEM families (derived from GUAT209:S1308a-120, CUBA164:S2008c-289-001-B-B, BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B and AR16021:S0908a-075-001) will be crossed to appropriate testers and self-pollinated for further advancement in 2009. GEM lines were included in five University of Wisconsin 2009 silage trials. Trial 09AR16026 includes seven AR16026:S1719 lines and six FS8B(T):N11a lines crossed by LH287, LH244, and LH332, respectively. Trial 09AR17056 includes 17 lines derived from AR17056:N2025; trial 09DK212T includes 19 lines derived from DK212T:N11a12; trial 09DK888 includes 21 lines derived from DK888:N11a08a, and trial 09GUAT209 includes 57 lines derived from GUAT209:S1308. The 2009 yield trials were planted at two WI locations with three replications per site. Nutritional evaluations will be conducted after harvest and will include assessment of nutrient detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), crude protein (CP), and starch concentration. Based on these values, milk/ton of forage and milk/acre will be estimated based on the MILK2006 equations (www.wisc.edu/dysci) developed by the UW Agronomy and Dairy Science Departments. Five inbred line releases developed from GEM populations will be recommended for silage breeding in the near future. Three of these lines were derived from 25% tropical breeding crosses and include SCRO1:N1310- 398 (St. Croix), BR52051:N04-76 (Brazil), and CUBA164:S2012-235 (Cuba). Two of the lines were developed from 25% temperate breeding crosses and include CHO5015:N15-8 (Chile), and FS8B(T):N11a-322 (US). The methods for monitoring activities include (1) observing germplasm developed by the Cooperator, and (2) progress reports submitted by the Cooperator in July and December for the Annual GEM Cooperator Meeting. E- mail exchanges were periodically initiated by the ADODR or Cooperator on status of experiments during the growing season, and new germplasm resources were exchanged for silage and lignocellulosic ethanol experimentation. A site visit by the Cooperator to Ames was made each year in September.
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Develop superior silage germplasm from GEM sources to enhance silage quality and yield. Approach (from AD-416) Conduct agronomic and quality assessments in replicated yield trials in Madison and Arlington, WI. Traits measured include forage yield at 35% whole plant dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro digestibility of ND (IVNDFD), crude protein (CP), and starch. A selection index will be used based on potential milk production per acre. The following sources of germplasm will be used: 1) ~25 new GEM topcrosses based on 2003 GEM trial data, 2) ~160 topcrosses involving lines derived at the UW from GEM populations CUBA164:S15, CUBA117:S1520, URZM13085:N0204, ARZM17026:N1013, ARZM17026:N1019, SCRO1:N1310, CH05015:N15, and DKXL370:N11a20. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of Wisconsin. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent project 3625-21000-047-00D, "Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM) ". This project relates to the primary objectives of the parent project which includes the development and evaluation of value-added traits such as silage nutritional quality and yield. In 2007, work continued with the GEM Quality Synthetic (GQS), which was created with the two Cuban populations, CUBA164:S1517, and CUBA117:S1520. Twenty S2 families were selected from GQS based on top cross results with the Wisconsin Quality Synthetic (WQS) in 2006. These 20 families are being intermated in 2007 to form GQS C1. Approximately 100 new GEM families are being evaluated in yield trials in two locations (Arlington and Madison, WI). The new families include lines derived from AR17056:N2025, DK212T:N11a12, FS8B(T) :N11a, SCRO1:N1310, and CH05015:N15. Nutritional evaluations will be made and include assessment of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), crude protein (CP), and starch concentration. Lines for potential release are being retested in 2007 from promising GEM families CH05015:N15, CHIS775:S1911b, and SCRO1:N1310. Developmental breeding is being continued on 110 GEM families in 2007, and new top crosses are being made for 2008 evaluation. The methods for monitoring activities include (1) observing germplasm developed by the Cooperator, and (2) progress reports submitted by the Cooperator in July and December for the Annual GEM Cooperator Meeting. E-mail exchanges were periodically initiated by the ADODR or Cooperator on status of experiments during the growing season, and new germplasm resources were exchanged for silage (germplasm provided by ADODR) and lignocellulosic ethanol experimentation in Ames (germplasm provided by Cooperator). Top crosses of silage lines developed by the Cooperator have been planted and observed in the Ames Field Day demonstration plot. A site visit by the Cooperator to Ames is planned in September.
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of Wisconsin. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 3625-21000-047-00D, "Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM)". This project relates to the primary objectives of the parent project which includes the development and evaluation of value-added traits such as silage nutritional quality and yield. In 2005-2006, work continued with the GEM Quality Synthetic (GQS), which was created with the two Cuban populations, CUBA164:S1517, and CUBA117:S1520. Seventy-five S2 topcrosses from GQS were made in winter nursery with the tester, W604S. The resulting top crosses were planted in 2006 for evaluation of forage yield and nutritional quality. Twenty-four new GEM lines identified from previous year's Midwest grain trials are also in silage trials with the tester lines HC33, LH198,
and LH287. Approximately 200 GEM families are under development in the breeding nursery, and plans are to make about 100 top crosses of the most promising S5 lines. Data analysis from fall, 2005, indicated that two new promising families are CH05015:N15 (50% temperate from Chile), and SCRO1:N1310 (25% tropical from St. Croix). Nutritional evaluations will be made for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), crude protein (CP), and starch concentration. Based on these values, milk per ton of forage, and milk per acre will be estimated on the MILK2006 equations developed at the UW Agronomy and Dairy Science Departments.
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of Wisconsin (UW). Additional details of research can be found in the report of the parent CRIS project 3625-21000-047-00D, "Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM)." This project relates to the primary objectives of the parent project which includes the development and evaluation of value-added traits such as silage nutritional quality and yield. In 2004-5 work continued breeding the GEM Quality Synthetic (GQS) using the S2 top cross system used for the Wisconsin Quality Synthetic (WQS). In 2005, 200 S1 families from GQS were selected and self pollinated under high plant density and cold stress. The resulting S2s will be top crossed in winter nursery and put into yield trials in 2006. Other breeding work in 2005 includes further inbreeding of approximately 500 GEM families, and the addition of new GEM inbred bulks
derived from two Argentina accession breeding crosses, AR16026:S1719, AR17056:N2025; a Brazilian 25% tropical breeding cross, DK212T:N11a12, and US temperate breeding cross, FS8B(T) :N11a. Other GEM populations in the UW program include breeding crosses with accessions from Cuba (CUBA164:S2012, CUBA117:S1520), Brazil (BR52051:N04, DKXL370:N11a20), Mexico (CHIS775:S1911b), Argentina (AR17026:N1019), and Uruguay (UR13085:N0204). Yield trials were planted at two locations in 2005 (Madison and Arlington, WI), and nutritional evaluations are planned for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVD), crude protein (CP), and starch concentration. A significant accomplishment for FY2005 included the public release of inbred W605S in December 2004. This inbred was developed from the GEM breeding cross AR17026:N1019, and has advantages for yield (highest milk per acre yield in a 2004 trial).
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? D. Progress Report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of Wisconsin. Additional details of research can be found in the report of the parent project 3625-21000-036-00D- ENHANCING AGRONOMIC AND VALUE-ADDED TRAITS OF CORN GERMPLASM. This project relates to the primary objectives of the parent project which includes the development and evaluation of value- added traits such as silage nutritional quality and yield. As in the past, in 2003/4 we continued to evaluate silage yield and nutritive value of the most productive GEM topcrosses identified in grain yield evaluations conducted over the past several years by the GEM project. In 2003, we launched a new breeding effort for GEM breeding populations CUBA164:S1517, CUBA164:S15, and CUBA117:S1520. Superior inbred families identified in the topcross evaluation, using LH279
at the tester inbred will be recombined in 2004 to reconstitute an improved breeding population (designated the GEM Quality Synthetic, GQS). The superior families will also be further inbred and crossed to several non-Stiff Stalk tester inbreds to identify inbreds suitable for release. We will continue breeding with the GQS breeding population using the same S2- topcross system used for the Wisconsin Quality Synthetic (WQS). WQS has undergone two cycles of S2-topcross selection using B73-related tester inbreds. Since GQS will be approximately 75% Stiff Stalk Synthetic, inbreds from the two sources may well produce heterotic silage hybrids with high forage yield as well as superior nutritional quality. Based on UW results obtained in 2003 (see 2003 public summary reports), four GEM trials (GEM198, GEM244, GEMNEW, and GEMADV) were planted in 2004, and these will be harvested in September, 2004. The GEM198 and GEM244 trials involve evaluation of promising S3+ GEM lines crossed to LH198
(48 entries) and LH244 (49 entries). The GEMNEW trial consists of the ongoing silage evaluation of elite GEM topcrosses that were identified in GEM cooperator trials over the past year as having high grain yield and suitable maturity for Wisconsin (< 120RM). In GEMNEW, the hybrids involve 17 new GEM lines crossed to LH185, LH198, LH200, LH244, LH283, or LH287. The GEMADV trial consists of the most promising advanced (S4+) GEM lines from breeding populations ARZM17026:N1019, URZM13085:N0204, and SCRO1:N1310 topcrossed to HC33, LH198, LH227, and LH244. The 60 hybrids in GEMADV represent the GEM lines that have the most potential for release in 2004. The most promising lines in GEMADV are derived from AR17026:N1019-65008. In the 2003 GEM B trial AR17026:N1019-65008-2-3-2-1 x HC33 had high silage production potential based on milk/acre, and this hybrid's low neutral detergent fiber (NDF) indicated that this topcross may have excellent intake potential as well. This hybrid was also entered
in the 2003 UW corn performance trials conducted by the UW Corn Extension program. In the southern zone (Arlington, Lancaster) late-maturity trial, AR17026:N1019-65008-2-3-2-1 X HC33 was statistically equivalent to the best hybrid in the trial for forage yield and milk/acre. This topcross is designated 'JC11' in the 2003 extension report, which can be accessed via http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu. We will consider formal release of this line at the end of the 2004 season. In 2004, all trials are being evaluated at two WI locations, Madison and Arlington, with three replications at each location. Target planting densities were 32,000 plants/acre. The plots are currently in good to excellent condition. Nutritional evaluations will include assessment of NDF, in vitro true digestibility (IVD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), crude protein (CP), and starch concentration. Based on these values, milk/ton of forage and milk/acre will be estimated based on the MILK2000 equations (www.wisc.
edu/dysci) developed by the UW Agronomy and Dairy Science Departments. MILK2000 uses forage composition (NDF, IVD, IVNDFD, CP, and starch) to estimate potential milk production per ton of forage. Forage yield is then used to estimate potential milk per acre. In our breeding nursery, approximately 400 GEM families are being further inbred, and 120+ S4 lines will be topcrossed to several inbred testers (LH279 and LH287) for 2005 evaluations. These lines were derived from breeding crosses CHIS775:N1911b, CUBA117:S1520, and CUBA164:S1517. We also added several one new GEM inbred bulk to our inbred nursery in 2004, DK212T:N11a12-122-1-B. In addition to those GEM materials already mentioned above, the GEM breeding populations in the UW breeding program include ARZM17026:N1019, ARZM17026:N1013, CHO5015:N15, CUBA164:S2012, BR52051, CHO5015, DKXL370:N11a20, SCRO1:N1310, and URZM13085:N0204. For a complete nursery and trial listing for 2004, see the UW Silage Breeding web site at
http://www.silagebreeding.agronomy.wisc.edu.
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