IMPROVE AND CONDUCT THE COLLECTION, ASSESSMENT, AND DISSEMINATION OF FOOD CONSUMPTION AND RELATED DATA OF AMERICANS

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
703	6010	1010	100%

Progress 01/31/04 to 01/04/09

Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Conduct yearly, accurate nationwide data collection of food intakes and related behavior of the U.S. population, and analyze and disseminate survey data. Expand usability of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System and its components to the research community. Maintain the USDA Dietary Survey Databases to reflect the U.S. food supply and release periodic versions. Approach (from AD-416) The research approach is to maintain and enhance the components of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System to assure that the dietary collection method, the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM), and the supporting systems and databases result in the collection of dietary data that are scientifically sound, accurate, and valid. The USDA AMPM is being used to collect 10,000 dietary recalls yearly in the What We Eat in America Survey, the dietary component of NHANES. The Food Surveys Research Group has lead responsibility for not only the dietary collection, but also the data processing and release. The numerous applications developed as part of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System for data collection and processing will be continuously maintained and updated, and wherever possible, adapted for use by the nutrition research community. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations During the last three months of the project, Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) scientists implemented changes to the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM),developed training for dietary interviewers for the 2009 dietary collection of What We Eat in America (WWEIA), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and provided technical review of dietary recalls collected in 2008 resolving food-related issues raised by dietary interviewers and coders. The major accomplishments over the lifespan of the project are summarized below. Through an ongoing collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS, FSRG assumed the leadership role for the dietary data collection and processing of WWEIA, NHANES beginning in 2002. This collaboration has produced the successful integration of national dietary data research by USDA and DHHS. WWEIA, NHANES dietary data for 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006 were jointly released on the web, totaling more than 45,000 dietary intake data records on more than 25,000 Americans. These data, unique to the Federal government, are used in monitoring the nutritional adequacy of diets, measuring the impact of food fortification, estimating exposure to contaminants, developing dietary guidance, and assessing the demand for agricultural products. Linked with health indicators from NHANES, these data permit the study of relationships between eating patterns and health conditions. WWEIA, NHANES dietary intake data have been analyzed and the following results have been released on the web: summarized nutrient intake tables, comparisons of usual nutrient intakes from food to Dietary Reference Intakes, and a dietary data brief on breakfast in America. Training sessions on using WWEIA, NHANES data for dietary intake research were conducted for various groups, including representatives from Canada, Korea, Israel, Russia, and Puerto Rico, which are using components of the system in their national dietary surveys. The Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), the technical database used for analyzing dietary intakes from WWEIA, was developed and released on the web. It was updated and released along with each of the two-year survey data releases: FNDDS 1.0 (2001-2 release), FNDDS 2.0 (2003-4 release), and FNDDS 3.0 (2005-6 release). The FNDDS includes the descriptions, portions, and nutrient values for more than 13,000 foods typically eaten in the U. S. Over the three releases, 16 additional nutrients have been added, for a total of 63 nutrients in FNDDS 3.0. A consumer-friendly companion to the FNDDS, the What�s In The Foods You Eat Search Tool, was released on the web for each FNDDS version. Dietary recalls for WWEIA, NHANES were collected using the computer-assisted dietary intake method, the automated multi-pass method (AMPM), developed and validated by USDA. The AMPM Validation Study was completed and it use was found to reduce bias in collection of energy intakes. Mean energy intake was within 11% of mean energy expenditure and less than 3% for normal-weight subjects. These results place the AMPM as one of, if not the most, accurate dietary intake recall methods available today. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Collaboration in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span Study (HANDLS): The primary objective of HANDLS is to create a representative 20-year longitudinal study across the lifespan focused on investigating the differential influences of race and socioeconomic status on health. The study sample includes white and African-Americans 30-64 years of age from both low and high socioeconomic strata residing in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. Anticipating attrition rates over the life of the study, the initial sample is 4,000 participants. Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) scientists have collaborated on the dietary component of HANDLS by providing scientific and technical support for the successful launch of dietary data collection that began in the fall of 2005. Numerous training sessions were conducted for HANDLS staff on the use of the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method for collection of 24-hour recalls and SurveyNet for coding and analysis of dietary intake data. Once dietary data collection was underway, FSRG scientists have provided technical oversight of the data processing steps and systems, assuring data quality and integrity.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Rumpler, W.V., Rhodes, D.G., Moshfegh, A.J., Paul, D.R., Kramer, M.H. 2008. Identifying sources of reporting error using measured food intake. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 62(4):544-52.
Moshfegh, A.J., Rhodes, D.G., Baer, D.J., Murayi, T., Clemens, J.C., Rumpler, W.V., Paul, D.R., Sebastian, R.S., Kuczynski, K.J., Ingwersen, L. A., Staples, R.C., Cleveland, L.E. 2008. The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 88:324-332.
Picciano, M.F., Dwyer, J.T., Radimer, K.L., Wilson, D.H., Fisher, K.D., Thomas, P.R., Yetley, E.A., Moshfegh, A.J., Levy, P.S., Nielsen, S.J., Marriott, B.M. 2007. Dietary supplement use among infants, children, and adolescents in the United States, 1999-2002. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 161(10)978-985.
Sebastian, R.S., Cleveland, L.E., Goldman, J.D. 2008. Effect of snacking frequency on adolescents' dietary intakes and meeting national recommendations. Journal of Adolescent Health. 42:503-511.
Paul, D., Kramer, M.H., Stote, K.S., Spears, K.E., Moshfegh, A.J., Baer, D. J., Rumpler, W.V. 2008. Estimates of adherence and error analysis of physical activity data collected via accelerometry in a large study of free-living adults. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 8:38.

Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07

Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Conduct yearly, accurate nationwide data collection of food intakes and related behavior of the U.S. population, and analyze and disseminate survey data. Expand usability of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System and its components to the research community. Maintain the USDA Dietary Survey Databases to reflect the U.S. food supply and release periodic versions. Approach (from AD-416) The research approach is to maintain and enhance the components of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System to assure that the dietary collection method, the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM), and the supporting systems and databases result in the collection of dietary data that are scientifically sound, accurate, and valid. The USDA AMPM is being used to collect 10,000 dietary recalls yearly in the What We Eat in America Survey, the dietary component of NHANES. The Food Surveys Research Group has lead responsibility for not only the dietary collection, but also the data processing and release. The numerous applications developed as part of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System for data collection and processing will be continuously maintained and updated, and wherever possible, adapted for use by the nutrition research community. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations National Survey Data on Dietary Intakes of Americans Prepared for Release: Through an ongoing collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS, the Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) has the leadership role for dietary data collection and processing of What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES. FSRG is supporting collection and coding of a second 24-hour recall to the sample; this is the sixth successful year of that agreement. Internet release of WWEIA, NHANES 2005-2006 dietary data is on schedule for 2008, providing the third release of national dietary data from this interdepartmental research collaboration. The new data will provide information on dietary intakes of Americans based on 24- hour dietary recalls from just over 9,000 individuals, weighted to be representative of the U.S. population. Along with the 2005-2006 dietary intake data, the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), 3.0 has been prepared for release. The FNDDS is the technical database used for analyzing dietary intakes from WWEIA that is made available to nutrition researchers for use in dietary studies. The third release will include a 64-nutrient profile for each of more than 13,000 foods typically eaten in the U.S. The nutrient values for FNDDS 3.0 were derived from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20, maintained by the Nutrient Data Laboratory. Both WWEIA, NHANES 2003-2004 and FNDDS 3.0 will be accessible from http://www.ars. usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg. USDA AMPM Collabaorations with Research Community: Extending the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM), the automated 24-hour dietary recall instrument, and its companion materials and components to the research community beyond NHANES for their use in research studies continues to be an important endeavor for FSRG. Collaborations are ongoing with three research organizations, including the National Institute on Aging, Research Triangle Institute, and Johns Hopkins University. Significant Resources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2007. Breakfast in America, 2001-2002. Available: http://www.ars.usda. gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12355000/pdf/Breakfast_2001_2002.pdf (Additional details described in Accomplishments.) Ingwersen, L. 2006. How much we eat in America � experiences estimating food intake [session 211]. ADA 2006 Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo. CD-ROM Day 3. Available: http://www.softconference.com/260916. Bodner-Montville, J. 2006. How much we eat in America�experiences estimating food intake: Translating food portions into nutrients [session 211]. ADA 2006 Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo. CD-ROM Day 3. Available: http://www.softconference.com/260916. Accomplishments Breakfast in America, 2001-2002: Research has shown that breakfast has important benefits in terms of improved concentration, increased productivity, and maintaining a healthy body weight. A report was published that provides national estimates for 2001-2002 on demographic characteristics of breakfast eaters, examines nutrient contributions of breakfast to the average U.S. diet, and identifies top reported breakfast foods and beverages. The information was provided in a factsheet and in 12 data tables summarizing nutrient intakes and breakfast eating in particular for 21 gender/age groups by various demographic characteristics. This study found that 80 percent of Americans consumed breakfast on any given day. Breakfasts provided proportionately more of most vitamins and minerals than of energy (as kilocalories), providing from 17-30 percent of mean daily nutrient intakes. Nutrients included fiber (17 percent), calcium (23 percent), vitamin C (24 percent), vitamin A (28 percent), and folate (30 percent). Breakfast is an important meal that markedly contributes to the overall quality of American diets. Such information has broad applications in forming nutrition policy and programs. This accomplishment addresses National Program 107 Action Plan Component 3: Nutrition Monitoring. USDA AMPM Collaborations with Research Community: Extending the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM), the automated 24-hour dietary recall instrument, and its companion materials and components to the research community beyond NHANES were realized with the establishment of a research collaboration with the University of Puerto Rico and their Study of Social Environment and Family Factors Associated to Childhood Obesity Among Elementary School Students from Public and Private School in Cayey School District in Puerto Rico. As part of this collaboration, the Food Surveys Research Group provided the USDA Dietary Intake System, including the AMPM and SurveyNet, the computer-based food coding and analysis system while nutritionists at the University of Puerto Rico have evaluated the recipes for Puerto Rican foods reported in What We Eat in America, NHANES and made recommendations for updates. This accomplishment addresses National Program 107 Action Plan Component 3: Nutrition Monitoring. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Collaboration in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span Study (HANDLS). The primary objective of HANDLS is to create a representative 20-year longitudinal study across the lifespan focused on investigating the differential influences of race and socio-economic status on health. The study sample includes white and African Americans 30-64 years of age from both low and high socio-economic strata residing in Baltimore City, Maryland. Anticipating attrition rates over the life of the study, the initial sample is 4,000 participants. Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) scientists have collaborated on the dietary component of HANDLS providing scientific and technical support for the successful launch of dietary data collection that began in the fall of 2005. Numerous training sessions were conducted for HANDLS staff on the use of the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method for collection of 24-hour recalls and SurveyNet for coding and analysis of dietary intake data. Once dietary data collection was underway, FSRG scientists have provided technical oversight of the data processing steps and systems, assuring data quality and integrity. Technology Transfer Number of Web Sites managed: 1 Number of Non-Peer Reviewed Presentations and Proceedings: 23

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Paul, D.R., Kramer, M.H., Moshfegh, A.J., Baer, D.J., Rumpler, W.V. 2007. Comparison of two different physical activity monitors. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 7:(26). Available: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2288/7/26.
Sebastian, R.S., Cleveland, L.E., Goldman, J.D., Moshfegh, A.J. 2007. Older adults who use vitamin/mineral supplements differ from nonusers in nutrient intake adequacy and dietary attitudes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 107(8):1322-1332.

Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06

Outputs
Progress Report 1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? Why does it matter? The research undertaken falls under National Program 107 - Human Nutrition and addresses goal 4.1.3, as described in the National Program Action Plan. Specifically, this is: Determine food consumption patterns of Americans, including those of different ages, ethnicity, regions, and income levels. Provide sound scientific analyses of the U.S. food consumption information to enhance the effectiveness and management of the nation's domestic food and nutrition assistance programs. The need exists for high quality and timely national dietary intake data on the American population. The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (PL 101-445) requires monitoring the diets of Americans to assess food and nutrient intakes. USDA has been collecting and disseminating food and nutrient intake data of the U.S. population to meet this need since the 1930's. Data from these surveys are widely cited and relied on for human nutrition and food safety policy development, for program evaluation, and for research studies. Uses of the survey data include monitoring the nutritional adequacy of American diets; measuring the impact of food fortification on nutrient intakes; developing nutrition education programs, including the Dietary Guidelines for Americans--released every 5 years by USDA and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)--and the USDA's MyPyramid dietary guidance system; estimating exposure of population groups to food contaminants; evaluating the nutritional impact of USDA food assistance programs; and assessing the demand for agricultural products. With the significant public policy applications of these data, the need for high quality and accurate data that utilizes the latest technology advancements in collection has also increased. Assuring that individuals accurately remember and describe the foods and amounts that they have consumed is a challenge, and has been called into question by the scientific community. The Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) has placed emphasis on this area in the research and development of the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM). The project has four specific goals: 1) to conduct yearly nationwide dietary data collection in collaboration with DHHS' National Center for Health Statistics and to process, analyze, and disseminate dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); 2) to maintain, update, and release periodic versions of the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies to reflect the food supply of the U.S.; 3) to enhance use of the USDA dietary data collection system, including the USDA AMPM, USDA SurveyNet, the USDA Food Model Booklet, and the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies to increase efficiency and expand usability to the research community and other USDA nutrition programs; and 4) to conduct methodological research to validate and enhance the USDA AMPM. Ultimately, the American public is the primary benefactor of these research results and products that are used in a wide variety of venues to enhance and improve food available to and the nutritional well-being of Americans. Nutrition and health policymakers and researchers will benefit from increased accuracy and timeliness of food consumption data on Americans to meet their policy decision and research needs. Other research organizations, both public and private within the U.S. and beyond its borders, will benefit because FSRG will make the state-of-the- art AMPM and related systems for dietary data collection available through collaborative agreements. Such collaborations will make possible the collection of standardized food intake data across a variety of studies, a capability only available on a limited basis in the past. The integration of USDA's Continuing Survey and DHHS' NHANES will be realized, providing for the first time USDA and DHHS nationally collected data on food intakes that will be linked to the data from NHANES on health status, allowing for studies of the relationship between dietary intakes and health status of each survey respondent. Moreover, this effort will define a more complete and accurate scientific-based methodology for national dietary data collection, resulting in more accurate dietary assessments of the American population. 2. List by year the currently approved milestones (indicators of research progress) List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Year 1 (FY 2004) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2002 dietary intake data on the Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary data collection. - Produce Dietary Data Guidebook for using national dietary data and USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003 dietary intake data. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2005 data collection. - Implement the Post Interview Processing System in NHANES. - Complete Phase 2 of auto coding. - Complete the Survey Net Windows update. - Develop training materials for dietary collection using AMPM. - Process data from the AMPM Validation Study. Year 2 (FY 2005) - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Redesign the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. - Update the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for NHANES processing. - Conduct weights and measures study. - Update the AMPM for 2006 data collection. - Design an abbreviated AMPM. - Complete Phase 3 and initiate Phase 4 of auto coding. - Implement Survey Net windows update in NHANES. - Release Food Model Booklet consumer version. - Analyze AMPM Validation Study results and complete 2-3 scientific papers. - Establish a Dietary Intake Research Cohort and plan a dietary methodology research study. Year 3 (FY 2006) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003-4 dietary intake data on the Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Test and prepare the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey for large-scale collection. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Analyze data from weights and measures study and review database accordingly. - Update AMPM for 2007 data collection and program. - Test abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Launch the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. Year 4 (FY 2007) - Review, edit and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary data collection - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Launch the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) in NHANES and release public-use DHKS questionnaire. - Update USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for national data processing. - Release food fortification database. - Update AMPM for 2008 data collection. - Distribute abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete data collection for the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. Year 5 (FY 2008) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-2006 dietary intake data on the Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2008 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Dietary Databases on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2009 data collection. - Complete Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete analyses of the Dietary Intake Research Cohort methodology research. 4a List the single most significant research accomplishment during FY 2006. This accomplishment is aligned with the National Program 107 - Human Nutrition and addresses goal 4.1.3. Determine food consumption patterns of Americans, including those of different ages, ethnicity, regions, and income levels; and provide sound scientific analyses of the U.S. food consumption information to enhance the effectiveness and management of the nation's domestic food and nutrition assistance programs. Collection and Release of National Dietary Intake Data from What We Eat In America, NHANES 2003-2004. National dietary intake data were collected in What We Eat In America (WWEIA), NHANES 2003-2004 and released on the Internet. The data provide information on dietary intakes of 9,043 individuals of all ages from two nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls along with sample weights that can be used to make estimates about intakes of the U.S. population. This accomplishment fulfills the requirements of the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (PL 101-445) for monitoring the diets of Americans to assess food and nutrient intakes. These data are critical for human nutrition and food safety regulation and policy development, Federal food and nutrition program evaluation, and for research studies. The data collected and released include detailed information on 1) food and beverage intakes including the type and amount of each food reported by survey participants and identification of food items eaten as a combination - e.g., coffee with cream, ingredients of a sandwich, milk on cereal, etc.; 2) nutrient intakes for food energy and 62 nutrients and other dietary components including two new nutrients added in 2003-2004--added vitamin B12 and added vitamin E; 3) water intake including total plain drinking water, total tap water, and plain carbonated water; 4) name of the eating occasion for each food; 5) time the food was eaten; 6) if the food was eaten at home; and 7) source where the food was obtained. The data are accessible from www.barc.usda. gov/bhnrc/foodsurvey, making them available to the global research community free of charge. 4b List other significant research accomplishment(s), if any. These accomplishments are aligned with the National Program 107 - Human Nutrition. Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies Updated and Released. The USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2.0 (FNDDS) was released on the Internet. The FNDDS brings together all food data used to process the WWEIA, NHANES. These technical data include the USDA survey food codes and descriptions, weights for approximately 30,000 food portions or measures, and food composition values (energy and 62 components) for each food code. The FNDDS search tool - What's in the Foods You Eat - was also launched on the Internet to broaden access to the FNDDS. The search tool can be downloaded for use on a personal computer as well. The FNDDS is a fundamental scientific component to a number of research and nutrition education programs in the Federal Government. Most notable is its use as the data source for the consumer nutrition education products of USDA's MyPyramid food guidance system. Report Comparing Diets of Americans in 2001-2002 to Dietary Reference Intakes Released. A report was published that provides national estimates for 2001-2002 on the usual nutrient intake distributions from food for 24 nutrients, and compares those estimates to reference values called Dietary Reference Intakes that were published by the Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences between 1997 and 2004. The report is the primary resource for estimates of the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes in the United States, and for data on proportions of the population with intakes from food that may exceed reference levels where there is a potential risk of adverse effects due to excess consumption. It identifies nutrients for which intakes are inadequate or excessive for most gender/age groups, and others that may be problematic for only certain segments of the population. Such information has broad applications in forming nutrition policy, formulating food fortification and labeling regulations, developing dietary guidance, and setting priorities for nutrition research. 4c List significant activities that support special target populations. These two activities are aligned with the National Program 107 - Human Nutrition. Collaboration in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span Study (HANDLS). The primary objective of HANDLS is to create a representative 20-year longitudinal study across the lifespan focused on investigating the differential influences of race and socioeconomic status on health. The study sample includes white and African Americans 30-64 years of age from both low and high socioeconomic strata residing in Baltimore City, Maryland. Anticipating attrition rates over the life of the study, the initial sample is 4,000 participants. Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) scientists have collaborated on the dietary component of HANDLS providing scientific and technical support for the successful launch of dietary data collection that began in the fall of 2005. Numerous training sessions were conducted for HANDLS staff on the use of the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method for collection of 24-hour recalls and SurveyNet for coding and analysis of dietary intake data. Once dietary data collection was underway, FSRG scientists have provided technical oversight of the data processing steps and systems, assuring data quality and integrity. Consultative Meeting on Statistical Issues of Food Intake Estimation Held. Food Survey Research Group scientists hosted seven scientists from Rosstat, the Russian Bureau of Economic Analysis Foundation, for a two- week workshop at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center to confer and consult with U.S. experts on national dietary surveys. The workshop, designed to address the approach and experience of the U.S. and Russia on a broad range of national dietary survey components, included 35 scientific presentations by scientists from FSRG, other ARS laboratories, nine other Federal agencies, and Canada and Korea. FSRG scientists compiled an extensive portfolio of scientific papers on dietary intake collection, processing, and analysis for workshop attendees.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2005. What's in the foods you eat search tool. Available: http://www.ars.usda. gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2004. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2002: Documentation and data files. Available: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2005. The USDA multi-year food and nutrient database for dietary studies, 1.0. Available: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg
Sebastian, R., Cleveland, L., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2005. Changes over 25 years in the dietary intakes of children 6-19 years [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 19(4) :A87.
Anderson, E., Seinfeldt, L. 2004. Blaise instrument design for automated food coding. 9th International Blaise Users Conference Proceedings, p. 129- 136. Available: http://www.blaiseusers.org/IBUCPDFS/2004/10.pdf
Rhodes, D., Murayi, T., Cleveland, L., Moshegh, A. 2005. The effect of dietary disinhibition on energy intake and eating patterns [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(5) :A1018.
Cleveland, L. 2004. Highlights on the dietary status of Americans: 2001- 2002 [abstract]. American Association Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo Education Session Handouts Book. p. T2-3.
Perloff, B., Ahuja, J., Montville, J. Bodner. 2005. National nutrition monitoring expanded to include vitamin K and carotenoids [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(4) A87.
Ahuja, J., Goldman, J., Perloff, B. 2005. Comparing nutrient intakes between dietary surveys [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(5):A1342.
Cleveland, L. 2005. Whole grain intake: Assessment issues [abstract]. Whole Grains & Health: A Global Summit Speaker Summaries. Available: http://filenet.software.umn.edu:8458/wholegrains/globalsummit/conference1. html
Cleveland, L., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2005. Contribution of snacks to food and nutrient intakes in the United States [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(4):A88.
Ahuja, J., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Current status of vitamin E nutriture. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences. 1031:387-390.
Anderson, E., Steinfeldt, L., Ahuja, J. 2004. Food and nutrient changes: Software designed to enhance quality. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 17(3-4):557-564.
Ahuja, J., Omolewa-Tomobi, G., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Impact of selected changes in the marketplace on nutrient intakes [abstract]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-49
Montville, J.B., Ahuja, J., Haggerty, E., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Portion size and nutrient analysis - new database debuts on web. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-33
Ingwersen, L., Raper, N., Anand, J., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Validation study shows importance of probing for forgotten foods during a dietary recall [abstract]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-13.
Conway, J.M., Rhodes, D.G., Rumpler, W.V. 2004. Commercial portion- controlled foods in research studies: how accurate are label weights? Journal Of The American Dietetic Association. 104:595-603.
Moshfegh, A. 2004. What's important in conducting a dietary interview: Lessons learned from What We Eat in America [abstract]. American Dietetic Association Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo Education Session Handouts Book, p. T1.

Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05

Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? The need exists for high quality and timely national dietary intake data on the American population. The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (PL 101-445) requires monitoring the diets of Americans to assess food and nutrient intakes. USDA has been collecting and disseminating food and nutrient intake data of the U.S. population to meet this need since the 1930's. Data from these surveys are widely cited and relied on for human nutrition and food safety policy development, for program evaluation, and for research studies. Uses of the survey data include monitoring the nutritional adequacy of American diets, measuring the impact of food fortification on nutrient intakes, developing nutrition education programs, including the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, released every 5 years by USDA and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), estimating exposure of population groups to food contaminants, evaluating the nutritional impact of USDA food assistance programs, and assessing the demand for agricultural products. With the significant public policy applications of these data, the need for high quality and accurate data that utilizes the latest technology advancements in collection has also increased. Assuring that individuals accurately remember and describe the foods and amounts that they have consumed is a challenge. The accuracy of dietary assessment methods that rely on respondents remembering and describing food they have eaten have been called into question by the scientific community. The Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) has placed research emphasis in this area in the research and development of the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) . The project has four specific goals: 1) to conduct yearly nationwide dietary data collection in collaboration with DHHS' National Center for Health Statistics and to process, analyze, and disseminate dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); 2) to maintain, update, and release periodic versions of the USDA Dietary Databases to reflect the food supply of the U.S.; 3) to enhance use of the USDA dietary data collection system, including the USDA AMPM, USDA Survey Net, the USDA Food Model Booklet, and the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies to increase efficiency and expand usability to the research community and other USDA nutrition programs; and 4) to conduct methodological research to validate and enhance the USDA AMPM. The research undertaken falls under National Program 107 - Human Nutrition and addresses goal 4.1.3, as described in the National Program Action Plan. Specifically, this is: Determine food consumption patterns of Americans, including those of different ages, ethnicity, regions, and income levels. Provide sound scientific analyses of the U.S. food consumption information to enhance the effectiveness and management of the nation's domestic food and nutrition assistance programs. Ultimately, the American public is the primary benefactor of these research results and products that are used in a wide variety of venues to enhance and improve food available to and the nutritional well-being of Americans. Nutrition and health policymakers and researchers will benefit from increased accuracy and timeliness of food consumption data on Americans to meet their policy decision and research needs. Other research organizations, both public and private within the U.S. and beyond its borders, will benefit because FSRG will make the state-of-the- art AMPM and related systems for dietary data collection available through collaborative agreements. Such collaborations will make possible the collection of standardized food intake data across a variety of studies, a capability only available on a limited basis in the past. The integration of USDA's Continuing Survey and DHHS' NHANES will be realized, providing for the first time USDA and DHHS nationally collected data on food intakes that will be linked to the data from NHANES on health status, allowing for studies of the relationship between dietary intakes and health status of each survey respondent. Moreover, this effort will define a more complete and accurate scientific-based methodology for national dietary data collection, resulting in more accurate dietary assessments of the American population. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Year 1 (FY 2004) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary data collection. - Produce Dietary Data Guidebook for using national dietary data and USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003 dietary intake data. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2005 data collection. - Implement the Post Interview Processing System in NHANES. - Complete Phase 2 of auto coding. - Complete the Survey Net Windows update. - Develop training materials for dietary collection using AMPM. - Process data from the AMPM Validation Study. Year 2 (FY 2005) - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Redesign the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. - Update the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for NHANES processing. - Conduct weights and measures study. - Update the AMPM for 2006 data collection. - Design an abbreviated AMPM. - Complete Phase 3 and initiate Phase 4 of auto coding. - Implement Survey Net windows update in NHANES. - Release Food Model Booklet consumer version. - Analyze AMPM Validation Study results and complete 2-3 scientific papers. - Establish a Dietary Intake Research Cohort and plan a dietary methodology research study. Year 3 (FY 2006) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003-4 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Test and prepare the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey for large-scale collection. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Analyze data from weights and measures study and review database accordingly. - Update AMPM for 2007 data collection and program. - Test abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Launch the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. Year 4 (FY 2007) - Review, edit and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary data collection - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Launch the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) in NHANES and release public-use DHKS questionnaire. - Update USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for national data processing. - Release food fortification database. - Update AMPM for 2008 data collection. - Distribute abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete data collection for the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. Year 5 (FY 2008) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-6 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2008 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Dietary Databases on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2009 data collection. - Complete Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete analyses of the Dietary Intake Research Cohort methodology research. 3a List the milestones that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2005. For each milestone, indicate the status: fully met, substantially met, or not met. If not met, why. 1. Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary intake data. Milestone Fully Met 2. Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary data collection. Milestone Fully Met 3. Conduct dietary data workshops. Milestone Substantially Met 4. Redesign the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. Milestone Not Met Other 5. Update the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for NHANES processing. Milestone Fully Met 6. Conduct weights and measures study. Milestone Not Met Progress slowed by resource limitation (human,fiscal,equipment, etc. 7. Update the AMPM for 2006 data collection. Milestone Fully Met 8. Design an abbreviated AMPM Milestone Not Met Other 9. Complete Phase 3 and initiate Phase 4 of auto coding. Milestone Not Met Other 10. Implement Survey Net windows update in NHANES. Milestone Not Met Other 11. Release Food Model Booklet consumer version. Milestone Substantially Met 12. Analyze AMPM Validation Study results and complete 2-3 scientific papers. Milestone Not Met Other 13. Establish a Dietary Intake Research Cohort and plan a dietary methodology research study. Milestone Not Met Redirection of Research focus due to change in priorities 3b List the milestones that you expect to address over the next 3 years (FY 2006, 2007, and 2008). What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years under each milestone? FY 2006 - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003-4 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Analyze data from weights and measures study and review database accordingly. - Update AMPM for 2007 data collection. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. FY 2007 - Review, edit and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Update USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for national data processing. - Update AMPM for 2008 data collection. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. FY 2008 - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-6 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Conduct dietary data workshops. 4a What was the single most significant accomplishment this past year? Americans concerned about nutrition and eating a healthy diet want to have easy and free access to nutritional information about typical foods that they eat every day. To provide that information, What's In The Foods You Eat Search Tool was developed and released on the World Wide Web at the Food Surveys Research Groups Web site at www.ars.usda. gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg. The search tool uses the data files in the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), a technical database for nutrition researchers. What's In The Foods You Eat Search Tool expands usability of the FNDDS beyond nutrition researchers to the general public. The potential impact is helping Americans improve their diets and ultimately their health by providing information on the nutrient values in typically consumed foods so that they can make informed decisions about food choices. 4b List other significant accomplishments, if any. National food and nutrient intake data for 9,700 Americans were released on the World Wide Web from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002. This release was just prior to the beginning of Fiscal Year 2005 in late September 2004. Data from this survey are widely cited and relied on for human nutrition and food safety policy development, for program evaluation, and for research. As a result of the release, scientists at FSRG have been providing technical consultations on use of the data as well as presenting numerous posters and presentations about the data, all part of providing scientific assistance to the scientific community in use of these data. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. The products of this research are used in a wide variety of venues to enhance and improve food available to and the nutritional well-being of Americans. The goal of this research is to provide, in a timely fashion, accurate and comprehensive food consumption data on Americans to policymakers and nutrition researchers that meet their policy and research needs. The new dietary data collection instrument, the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method, utilizes state-of-the-art technology to automate the survey instrument to the fullest extent possible. The method will be validated for collecting complete and accurate dietary intakes through the large AMPM Validation Study using the doubly-labeled water technique, the first such study conducted on dietary methodology used in national dietary data collection in the U.S. The new method and its related products are being made available for use by other Federal Government agencies and research institutions through collaborative agreements with the Food Surveys Research Group. Availability will be broadened as research objectives are attained. The integration of USDA's Continuing Survey on What We Eat in America and DHHS' NHANES will be realized, providing for the first time USDA and DHHS nationally collected data on food intakes that will be linked to the data from NHANES on health status, allowing for studies of the relationship between dietary intakes and health status of each survey respondent. The primary product of this research will be invaluable information on what Americans are eating, in order to assess their food consumption in relation to dietary recommendations designed to maintain health and prevent chronic disease. Dissemination of data and information on dietary intakes of Americans will be achieved through a variety of electronic, print, and tutorial mediums, including Web site releases, CD-ROMs, Government reports and publications, scientific research papers, and training guides and workshops. The USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, essential for coding and analysis of dietary data, will be released on a periodic basis through electronic mediums. A system for automated coding of survey foods most commonly reported will be developed and implemented in national dietary data collection. A consumer version of the USDA Food Model Booklet, developed specifically for and used in national dietary data collection, will be developed for professional and general public use. Application of USDA dietary data collection instruments, programs, and materials for research beyond national nutrition monitoring will be achieved through agreements with other research institutions and organizations. Results from validating the USDA AMPM will be presented in scientific research papers. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? What's In The Foods You Eat Search Tool was developed and released on the Internet providing Americans, concerned about nutrition and eating a healthy diet, easy and free access to nutritional information about typical foods that they eat every day. At the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Annual Field Day in June 2005, hundreds of visitors were able to see the Search Tool demonstrated and told how to access it for their own use. Dietary intake data from the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2002 were released on the Internet and technical consultations and assistance has been provided to numerous researchers on use of these data. The USDA AMPM and Food Model Booklet have been shared with other interested research organizations, making it available to the research community. These include collaboration with the Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, and University of Delaware, where the AMPM and other dietary intake system components are being used in data collection for a study of Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS). This study is a 20-year longitudinal study on aging to be conducted on 4,000 individuals in Baltimore beginning in November 2004. The USDA AMPM and other components have also been shared with the Food and Nutrition Service where they were used for the dietary data collection in the USDA School Nutrition Dietary Assessment III study. The USDA AMPM and other components have been shared with the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for use in the Maryland State WIC Study of Infants in which dietary intake data were collected on 1,000 infants participating in the Maryland WIC Program. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your peer reviewed publications below). Bliss, R. July 2005. Free searchable database on food content. Agricultural Resesearch Service Press Release. Available: www.ars.usda. gov/is/pr/2005/050728.htm Moshfegh, A., October 2004. What's important in conducting a dietary interview: Lessons learned from What We Eat in America. Presentation at American Dietetic Association Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo, Anaheim, CA. Cleveland, L., October 2004. Highlights on the dietary status of Americans. Presentation at American Dietetic Association Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo, Anaheim, CA. Ahuja, J., April 2005. Comparing nutrient intakes between dietary surveys. Presentation at Federation of Societies for Experimental Biology Conference, San Diego, CA. Cleveland, L., May 2005. Whole grain intake: Assessment issues. Presentation at Whole Grains & Health: A Global Summit, Minneapolis, MN. Duke, A., July 2005. What's in the food you eat? Article in Axcess News. Available: www.axcessnews.com/health_072805a.shtml

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2004. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2002: Documentation and data files. Available: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2005. The USDA multi-year food and nutrient database for dietary studies, 1.0. Available: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg
Sebastian, R., Cleveland, L., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2005. Changes over 25 years in the dietary intakes of children 6-19 years [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 19(4) :A87.
Anderson, E., Seinfeldt, L. 2004. Blaise instrument design for automated food coding. 9th International Blaise Users Conference Proceedings, p. 129- 136. Available: http://www.blaiseusers.org/IBUCPDFS/2004/10.pdf
Rhodes, D., Murayi, T., Cleveland, L., Moshegh, A. 2005. The effect of dietary disinhibition on energy intake and eating patterns [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(5) :A1018.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2005. What's in the foods you eat search tool. Available: http://www.ars.usda. gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg
Cleveland, L. 2004. Highlights on the dietary status of Americans: 2001- 2002 [abstract]. American Association Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo Education Session Handouts Book. p. T2-3.
Perloff, B., Ahuja, J., Montville, J. Bodner. 2005. National nutrition monitoring expanded to include vitamin K and carotenoids [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(4) A87.
Ahuja, J., Goldman, J., Perloff, B. 2005. Comparing nutrient intakes between dietary surveys [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(5):A1342.
Cleveland, L. 2005. Whole grain intake: Assessment issues [abstract]. Whole Grains & Health: A Global Summit Speaker Summaries. Available: http://filenet.software.umn.edu:8458/wholegrains/globalsummit/conference1. html
Cleveland, L., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2005. Contribution of snacks to food and nutrient intakes in the United States [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(4):A88.
Ahuja, J., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Current status of vitamin E nutriture. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences. 1031:387-390.
Anderson, E., Steinfeldt, L., Ahuja, J. 2004. Food and nutrient changes: Software designed to enhance quality. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 17(3-4):557-564.
Ahuja, J., Omolewa-Tomobi, G., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Impact of selected changes in the marketplace on nutrient intakes [abstract]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-49
Montville, J.B., Ahuja, J., Haggerty, E., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Portion size and nutrient analysis - new database debuts on web. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-33
Ingwersen, L., Raper, N., Anand, J., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Validation study shows importance of probing for forgotten foods during a dietary recall [abstract]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-13.
Conway, J.M., Rhodes, D.G., Rumpler, W.V. 2004. Commercial portion- controlled foods in research studies: how accurate are label weights? Journal Of The American Dietetic Association. 104:595-603.
Moshfegh, A. 2004. What's important in conducting a dietary interview: Lessons learned from What We Eat in America [abstract]. American Dietetic Association Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo Education Session Handouts Book, p. T1.

Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04

Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? The need exists for high quality and timely national dietary intake data on the American population. The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Rersearch Act of 1990 (PL 101-445) requires monitoring the diets of Americans to assess food and nutrient intakes. USDA has been collecting and disseminating food and nutrient intake data of the U.S. population to meet this need since the 1930's. Data from these surveys are widely cited and relied on for human nutrition and food safety policy development, for program evaluation, and for research studies. Uses of the survey data include monitoring the nutritional adequacy of American diets, measuring the impact of food fortification on nutrient intakes, developing nutrition education programs, including the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, released every 5 years by USDA and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), estimating exposure of population groups to food contaminants, evaluating the nutritional impact of USDA food assistance programs, and assessing the demand for agricultural products. With the significant public policy applications of these data, the need for high quality and accurate data that utilizes the latest technology advancements in collection has also increased. Assuring that individuals accurately remember and describe the foods and amounts is a challenge. The accuracy of dietary assessment methods that rely on respondents remembering and describing food they have eaten have been called into question by the scientific community. The Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG)has placed research emphasis in this area in the research and development of the new USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM). The project has four specific goals: 1) to conduct yearly nationwide dietary data collection, in collaboration with DHHS' National Center for Health Statistics and to process, analyze, and disseminate dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); 2) to maintain, update, and release periodic versions of the USDA Dietary Databases to reflect the food supply of the U.S.; 3) to enhance use of the USDA dietary data collection system, including the USDA AMPM, USDA Survey Net, the USDA Food Model Booklet, and the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies to increase efficiency and expand usability to the research community and other USDA nutrition programs; and 4) to conduct methodological research to validate and enhance the USDA AMPM. The research undertaken falls under National Program 107 - Human Nutrition and addresses goal 4.1.3, as described in the National Program Action Plan. Specifically, this is: Determine food consumption patterns of Americans, including those of different ages, ethnicity, regions, and income levels. Provide sound scientific analyses of the U.S. food consumption information to enhance the effectiveness and management of the nation's domestic food and nutrition assistance programs. Ultimately, the American public is the primary benefactor of these research results and products that are used in a wide variety of venues to enhance and improve food available to and the nutritional well being of Americans. Nutrition and health policymakers and researchers will benefit from increased accuracy and timeliness of food consumption data on Americans to meet their policy decision and research needs. Other research organizations, both public and private within the U.S. and beyond its borders, will benefit, because FSRG will make the state-of-the- art AMPM and related systems for dietary data collection available through collaborative agreements. Such collaborations will make possible the collection of standardized food intake data across a variety of studies, a capability only available on a limited basis in the past. The integration of USDA's Continuing Survey and DHHS' NHANES will be realized, providing for the first time USDA and DHHS nationally collected data on food intakes that will be linked to the data from NHANES on health status, allowing for studies of the relationship between dietary intakes and health status of each survey respondent. Moreover, this effort will define a more complete and accurate scientific-based methodology for national dietary data collection, resulting in more accurate dietary assessments of the American population. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Year 1 (FY 2004) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary data collection. - Produce Dietary Data Guidebook for using national dietary data and USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003 dietary intake data. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2005 data collection. - Implement the Post Interview Processing System in NHANES. - Complete Phase 2 of auto coding. - Complete the Survey Net Windows update. - Develop training materials for dietary collection using AMPM. - Process data from the AMPM Validation Study. Year 2 (FY 2005) - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Redesign the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. - Update the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for NHANES processing. - Conduct weights and measures study. - Update the AMPM for 2006 data collection and design an abbreviated AMPM. - Complete Phase 3 and initiate Phase 4 of auto coding. - Implement Survey Net windows update in NHANES. - Release Food Model Booklet consumer version. - Analyze AMPM Validation Study results and complete 2-3 scientific papers. - Establish a Dietary Intake Research Cohort and plan a dietary methodology research study. Year 3 (FY 2006) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003-4 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHNAES 2005 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHNAES 2006 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Test and prepare the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey for large-scale collection. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Analyze data from weights and measures study and review database accordingly. - Update AMPM for 2007 data collection and program and test abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Launch the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. Year 4 (FY 2007) - Review, edit and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary data collection - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Launch the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) in NHANES and release public-use DHKS questionnaire. - Update USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for national data processing. - Release food fortification database. - Update AMPM for 2008 data collection and distribute abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete data collection for the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. Year 5 (FY 2008) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-6 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2008 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Dietary Databases on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2009 data collection. - Complete Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete analyses of the Dietary Intake Research Cohort methodology research study. 3. Milestones: A. List the milestones that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2004. How many milestones did you fully or substantially meet in FY 2004 and indicate which ones were not fully or substantially met, briefly explain why not, and your plans to do so. The milestones listed below were to be completed under Year 1. All milestones were complete, with one exception. Production of the Dietary Data Guidebook and resulting workshops were not completed this year. Finalization of What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-02 dietary data was not possible until late in the fiscal year, because final weights critical to the use of the data were not made available until May 2004. The Dietary Data Guidebook and corresponding workshops will begin next year. - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary data collection. - Produce Dietary Data Guidebook for using national dietary data and USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies and conduct dietary data workshops. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003 dietary intake data. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2005 data collection. - Implement the Post Interview Processing System in NHANES. - Complete Phase 2 of auto coding. - Complete the Survey Net Windows update. - Develop training materials for dietary collection using AMPM. - Process data from the AMPM Validation Study. B. List the milestones that you expect to address over the next 3 years. FY 2005 - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Redesign the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. - Update the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for NHANES processing. - Conduct weights and measurer study. - Update the AMPM for 2006 data collection and design an abbreviated AMPM. - Complete Phase 3 and initiate Phase 4 of auto coding. - Implement Survey Net windows update in NHANES. - Release Food Model Booklet consumer version. - Analyze AMPM Validation Study results and complete 2-3 scientific papers. - Establish a Dietary Intake Research Cohort and plan a dietary methodology research study. FY 2006 - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003-4 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHNAES 2005 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHNAES 2006 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Test and prepare the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey for large-scale collection. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Analyze data from weights and measures study and review database accordingly. - Update AMPM for 2007 data collection and program and test abbreviated AMPM Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Launch the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. FY 2007 - Review, edit and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Launch the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) in NHANES and release public-use DHKS questionnaire. - Update USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for national data processing. - Release food fortification database. - Update AMPM for 2008 data collection and distribute abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete data collection for the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. 4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? A. Single most significant accomplishment during FY 2004. The need exists for high quality and timely national dietary intake data on the American population. The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (PL 101-445) requires monitoring the diets of Americans thru national surveys to assess food and nutrient intakes. Data from these surveys are widely cited and relied on for human nutrition and food safety policy development, for program evaluation, and for research. Dietary data from What We Eat in America, NAHNES 2001-2002 was released on the Internet. This is the first release from the culmination of efforts at USDA and DHHS to integrate USDA's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the dietary portion of DHHS' National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey into a single survey. Microdata from the 2001-2002 survey was released for public use in September 2004. The data provides information on dietary intakes of Americans, based on 24-hour dietary recalls from 9,700 individuals of all ages, weighted to be representative of the U.S. population. The release includes data on: 1) Food intakes - type and amount of each food reported by survey respondents. It includes whether or not food items reported separately were eaten as a combination - e.g., beverage with additions, sandwich, salad, etc. 2) Nutrient intakes - food energy and 60 nutrients and other dietary components. New nutrients added in 2001-2002 include total sugars, vitamin A as retinol activity equivalents, retinol, alpha carotene, beta carotene, beta cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol, vitamin K as phylloquinone, folate as dietary folate equivalents, folic acid, and food folate. 3) Water intake - total plain drinking water, total tap water, and plain carbonated water. 4) Name of the eating occasion for each food. 5) Time the food was eaten. 6) Whether the food was eaten at home. The data are accessible from www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/foodsurvey making them available to the global research community free of charge. B. Other significant accomplishment. The technical databases that support the coding and calculating of nutrient vales for the dietary data from What We Eat in America, NHANES are used by many nutrition researchers to analyze the dietary data, as well as in other dietary studies. To make these databases easily accessible to the research community, FSRG has released the USDA Food and Nutrient Databases for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) on the Internet. This database is an updated, redesigned, and renamed version of the prior USDA Survey Nutrient Database and other technical files used to code foods and calculate nutrient values for national food surveys. The FNDDS contains information for several thousand foods, including many brand name products. Values for energy and 60 nutrients are included for each food, as well as over 30,000 weights for common food portions. It can be downloaded from www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/foodsurvey, making it available to the global research community free of charge. C. Significant activities that support special target populations. None. D. Progress Report opportunity to submit additional programmatic information to your Area Office and NPS. None. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. The products of this research are used in a wide variety of venues to enhance and improve food available to and the nutritional well-being of Americans. The goal of this research is to provide, in a timely fashion, accurate and comprehensive food consumption data on Americans to policymakers and nutrition researchers that meet their policy and research needs. The new dietary data collection instrument, the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method, utilizes state-of-the-art technology to automate the survey instrument to the fullest extent possible. The method will be validated for collecting complete and accurate dietary intakes through the large AMPM Validation Study using the doubly-labeled water technique, the first such study conducted on dietary methodology used in national dietary data collection in the U.S. The new method and its related products are being made available for use by other Federal Government agencies and research institutions through collaborative agreements with the Food Surveys Research Group. Availability will be broadened as research objectives are attained. The integration of USDA's Continuing Survey on What We Eat in America and DHHS' NHANES will be realized, providing for the first time USDA and DHHS nationally collected data on food intakes that will be linked to the data from NHANES on health status, allowing for studies of the relationship between dietary intakes and health status of each survey respondent. The primary product of this research will be invaluable information on what Americans are eating, in order to assess their food consumption in relation to dietary recommendations designed to maintain health and prevent chronic disease. Dissemination of data and information on dietary intakes of Americans will be achieved through a variety of electronic, print, and tutorial mediums, including Web site releases, CD-ROMs, Government reports and publications, scientific research papers, and training guides and workshops. The USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, essential for coding and analysis of dietary data, will be released on a periodic basis through electronic mediums. A system for automated coding of survey foods most commonly reported will be developed and implemented in national dietary data collection. A consumer version of the USDA Food Model Booklet, developed specifically for and used in national dietary data collection, will be developed for professional and general public use. Application of USDA dietary data collection instruments, programs, and materials for research beyond national nutrition monitoring will be achieved through agreements with other research institutions and organizations. Results from validating the USDA AMPM will be presented in scientific research papers. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? Dietary intake data from the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2002 were released on the Internet, making them available to the global research community free of charge. The USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies was released on the Internet, making it available to the global research community free of charge. The USDA AMPM and Food Model Booklet has been shared with other interested research organizations, making it available free of charge to the research community. These include collaboration with Dr. Michele Evans of the Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, and Dr. Marie Kuczmarski, University of Delaware, where the AMPM and other dietary intake system components will be used in data collection for a study of Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS). This study is a 20-year longitudinal study on aging to be conducted on 4,000 individuals in Baltimore beginning in November 2004. The USDA AMPM and other components have also been shared with the Food and Nutrition Service for use in the dietary data collection for the USDA School Nutrition Dietary Assessment III study. Data collection for this study is scheduled to begin in 2005. The USDA AMPM and other components have been shared with Dr. Maureen Black at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for use in the Maryland State WIC Study of Infants. Dietary intake data were collected during the summer of 2004 on 1,000 infants participating in the Maryland WIC Program. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. Bliss, R. June 2004. Researchers Produce Innovation in Dietary Recall. Agricultural Research Magazine. Ahuja, J. June 2004. The Effect of Improved Food Composition Data on National Intake Estimates. Presentation at the 28th National Nutrient Databank Conference, Iowa City, IO. Anderson, E. September 2004. Automated Coding of Dietary Data Collected with The Automated Multiple Pass Method Blaise Instrument. Presentation at the International Blaise Users Conference, Toronto, Canada. Bodner-Montville, J. June 2004. New Release on The Web: USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Presentation at the 28th National Nutrient Databank Conference, Iowa City, IA. Ingwersen, L. July 2004. How To Ask People What They Eat: Improved 24- Hour Intake Method Aids Recall of Foods Eaten. Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Nutrition Education, Salt Lake City, UT. Steinfeldt, L. September 2004. Blaise Instrument Design for Automated Food Coding. Presentation at the International Blaise Users Conference, Toronto, Canada.

Impacts
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Publications

Steinfeldt, L., Anderson, E. 2004. Blaise instrument design for automated food coding [abstract]. 9th International Blaise Users Conference Abstracts. Available: http://www.statcan. ca/english/conferences/blaise2004/abstracts.htm
Ahuja, J.K.C., Goldman, J.D., Perloff, B.P. 2004. Effect of improved food composition data on national intake estimates [abstract]. 28th National Nutrient Databank Conference Program and Abstracts. p. 21.
Anand, J., Raper, N. 2004. Food and nutrient intakes: Quality assurance in the data processing phase [abstract]. 28th National Nutrient Databank Conference Program and Abstracts. p 22.
Bodner-Montville, J., Ahuja, J.K.C., Ingwersen, L., Haggerty, E.S. 2004. New release on the web: USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies [abstract]. 28th National Nutrient Databank Conference Program and Abstracts. p. 38.
Cleveland, L., Rhodes, D., Sebastian, R., Kuczynski, K., Clemens, J., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Validation of national 24-hour recall and physical activity methodology [abstract]. XIVth International Congress of Dietetics. Available: http://www.internationaldietetics.org
Ingwersen, L., Cleveland, L., Heendeniya, K., Moshfegh, A. 2004. How to ask people what they eat: Improved 24-hr intake method aids recall of foods eaten [abstract]. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 36. Supplement 1, p. S30.
Moshfegh, A., Perloff, B., Raper, N., Steinfeldt, L., Anand, J., Omolewa Tomobi, G., Heendeniya, K. 2004. New methods for national nutrition monitoring in the United States [abstract]. XIVth International Congress of Dietetics. Available: http://www.internationaldietetics.org
Anderson, E., Steinfeldt, L. 2004. Automated coding of dietary data collected with the Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) Blaise instrument [abstract]. 9th International Blaise Users Conference Abstracts. Available: http://www.stacan.ca/english/conferences/blaise2004/abstracts. htm
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2004. USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, Version 1.0. Available: http://www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/foodsurvey/home.htm.
Clemens, J., Steinfeldt, L. 2004. Handling post processing of a large, complex, Blaise instrument in a continuing national survey [abstract]. 9th International Blaise Users Conference Abstracts. Available: http://www. stacan.ca/english/conferences/blaise2004/abstracts.htm
Anand, J., Raper, N. 2004. USDA's experience using Blaise for collecting food intake data [abstract]. 9th International Blaise Users Conference Abstracts. Available: http://www.statcan. ca/english/conferences/blaise2004/abstracts.htm