Progress 09/10/03 to 09/30/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1) Determine commodity tolerances to CATTS. 2) Determine target pest tolerances to CATTS. 3) Develop appropriate treatments protocols. 4) Determine effects of CATTS on market quality. 5) Effects of CATTS on decay and storability. 6) Determine economics of CATTS. Approach (from AD-416) Complete studies of apple and sweet cherry thermal experience on the tree in different growing regions. Compare postharvest tolerances to CATTS to pre-harvest thermal experience. Will test heating rates of 10, 12 and 24 degrees C/hr to 44 and 46 degrees C for apples and rapid versus batch treatments for sweet cherries to final treatment temperatures of 45 and 47 degrees C. Rapid rates bring core temperatures to 42 degrees C within 5 to 7 min, and batch treatments bring core temperatures up to 42 degrees C within 10-12 min. Begin trials of CATTS treatments in various configurations of bins and picking lugs in half-ton CATTS chamber. Market quality will be used as indicator of commodity tolerance. Documents Reimbursable with U. of Tasmania. Log 23792. Formerly 5352- 43000-009-09R (6/05). Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report serves to document research conducted under a Reimbursable agreement between ARS and Foreign Agricultural Service. Additional details of research can be found in the report of the parent project 5352- 43000-010-00D IMPROVED POSTHARVEST PHYTOSANITATION OF TEMPERATE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. We have demonstrated that CATTS works against codling moth, oriental fruit moth, and western cherry fruit fly. We also found that apples grown in cooler climates respond well to CATTS treatments if the heating rate is increased, thereby decreasing total treatment time. ADODR STATEMENT: Monitoring of activities and progress on this project was accomplished by direct supervision of on site employees, and use of e- mail and telephone to communicate with off site collaborators.
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a reimbursable agreement between ARS and the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), University of Tasmania. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 5352-43000-010-00D Improved Postharvest Phytosanitation of Temperate Fruits and Vegetables. Cherry and apple fruit quality was determined using the CATTS (Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatment System) chamber in Tasmania. Both freshly harvested and cold stored fruits were used in these studies to determine the timing of treatments needed to provide acceptable product quality. CATTS treatments to 44, 45, 46, and 47DGC using heating rates of 5 to 40DGC per hour were used to treat Jonagold and Fuji apples. Temperatures of 46DGC and above resulted in better fruit quality and reduced fruit surface greasiness. Faster rates of heating (10-40DGC/hr) resulted in better overall fruit quality. Short-term
pre-heating of 33- 36DGC for 90 min prior to CATTS treatment had an adverse effect on overall quality. It was also found that heat treatment reduced stain, a common problem in Fuji apples. CATTS is a technology that uses a high temperature in combination with a low oxygen, high carbon dioxide environment to kill insects in fruits. These treatments were initially tested on fruit grown in the Pacific Northwest of the United States of America. It was not known if these treatments would be applicable to fruits grown in cooler climates, like Tasmania. These accomplishments demonstrate that CATTS technology will be applicable to treat fruit grown in a colder climate, like Tasmania, Australia.
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a reimbursable agreement between ARS and the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), University of Tasmania. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 5352-43000-010-00D Improved Postharvest Phytosanitation of Temperate Fruits and Vegetables. Fruit temperatures were recorded over a 2 month period during the growing season in Tasmania. Cherry temperature monitoring revealed that sweet cherries can heat very rapidly on the tree at rates from 50 to 100 DGC/hr.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? This report serves to document research conducted under a Reimbursable agreement between ARS and the University of Tasmania. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent project, 5352-43000- 009-00D, Improved Quarantine Procedures for Arthropod Pests in Temperate Fruits and Vegetables. Fruit temperatures of sweet cherries on the tree were recorded over a two-month period during the growing season in Tasmania. The maximum temperature the fruit reached on the tree will be used as a basis for the high temperature-controlled atmosphere quarantine treatments against codling moth. Preliminary tests on the usefulness of a commercial CATTS chamber (controlled atmosphere and temperature) with horizontal air flow indicated that this unit may be applicable for sweet cherry treatments. It is important that the rate of heating in the commercial unit replicate the research chamber to
guarantee both fruit quality and insect mortality.
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