Source: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE submitted to NRP
BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, SAMPLING AND CONTROL OF WHITEFLIES, PINK HIBISCUS MEALY BUG, GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER
Sponsoring Institution
Agricultural Research Service/USDA
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0407176
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 13, 2003
Project End Date
May 31, 2008
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE
(N/A)
RIVERSIDE,CA 92521
Performing Department
ENTOMOLOGY
Non Technical Summary
(N/A)
Animal Health Component
40%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
40%
Developmental
10%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2110999113030%
2111139113030%
2111710113040%
Goals / Objectives
Determine factors affecting whitefly, pink hibiscus mealy bug and glassy-winged sharpshooter population, development, and control using chemicals and resistance development.
Project Methods
Study crop production methods and chemical control in relation to whitefly, pink hibiscus mealy bug, and glassy-winged sharpshooter biology, behavior, and population development. Develop dose mortality responses and effect on chemicals throughout the season for field-collected and infield chemical whiteflies and pink hibiscus mealy bug and glassy-winged sharpshooter and determine effects of alternating different chemistry insecticide exposures, insecticide mixtures and other approaches on resistance development, biology and population development. Documents SCA with UC Riverside. Formerly 5344-22620-015-04S (3/05).

Progress 09/13/03 to 05/31/08

Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Determine factors affecting whitefly, pink hibiscus mealy bug and glassy- winged sharpshooter population, development, and control using chemicals and resistance development. Approach (from AD-416) Study crop production methods and chemical control in relation to whitefly, pink hibiscus mealy bug, and glassy-winged sharpshooter biology, behavior, and population development. Develop dose mortality responses and effect on chemicals throughout the season for field-collected and infield chemical whiteflies and pink hibiscus mealy bug and glassy-winged sharpshooter and determine effects of alternating different chemistry insecticide exposures, insecticide mixtures and other approaches on resistance development, biology and population development. Documents SCA with UC Riverside. Formerly 5344-22620-015-04S (3/05). Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations The principal concern over glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) in California is its role as a vector of the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Large populations that had continued to expand in California through 1999 proved relatively easy to control by area-wide applications of insecticides that began in 2000. Pockets of modest to high populations still remain in some regions of California including the Riverside area and the farm at UC Riverside. Attention has turned from which materials control GWSS to the potential role that citrus plays as a host of both the vector and the pathogen. A former project monitoring incidence of X. fastidiosa in GWSS populations indicated that GWSS individuals that fed exclusively of citrus tested positive for X. fastidiosa. To further evaluate citrus as a potential host of X. fastidiosa, xylem fluid samples have been collected in 2008 from navel and Valencia oranges, mandarins, lemons, and rough lemon groves at UC Riverside. ELISA tests performed thus far show a relatively low percentage that test positive for X. fastidiosa. This low percentage is expected to increase once PCR tests have been optimized that will enable much greater sensitivity of detection. In the meantime, extensive ELISA results already support the concept as a host of X. fastidiosa, and given its importance as a host of GWSS, the potential importance of citrus in the epidemiology of X. fastidiosa increases dramatically. ADODR monitors activities by phone calls and site visits when funding is provided

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications


    Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07

    Outputs
    Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Determine factors affecting whitefly, pink hibiscus mealy bug and glassy- winged sharpshooter population, development, and control using chemicals and resistance development. Approach (from AD-416) Study crop production methods and chemical control in relation to whitefly, pink hibiscus mealy bug, and glassy-winged sharpshooter biology, behavior, and population development. Develop dose mortality responses and effect on chemicals throughout the season for field-collected and infield chemical whiteflies and pink hibiscus mealy bug and glassy-winged sharpshooter and determine effects of alternating different chemistry insecticide exposures, insecticide mixtures and other approaches on resistance development, biology and population development. Documents SCA with UC Riverside. Formerly 5344-22620-015-04S (3/05). Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report serves to document research conducted under a specific agreement with the University of California � Riverside. Additional details of research can be found in the report for CRIS 5344-22620-017- 00D, Ecologically-Based Pest Management Strategies for Western Cotton. No funding was provided under this cooperative agreement in FY 2007. ADODR monitors activities by phone calls and site visits when funding is provided

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications


      Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06

      Outputs
      Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report documents research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of California, Riverside. Additional details of research can be found in the report for parent CRIS 5344-22620-017-00D, Ecologically-Based Pest Management Strategies for Western Cotton. Biology, ecology, sampling and control of whiteflies, pink hibiscus mealybug, glassy-winged sharpshooter This project is carried out under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of California, Riverside. Research focuses principally on chemical control measures directed against major agricultural pests, in particular exotic and invasive pests that have erupted to outbreak proportions. Some of the negative consequences associated with chemical control include insecticide resistance development and non-target impact on natural enemies of the pest species. Resistance monitoring was carried out on field populations of sweetpotato whitefly from Arizona and California and on two exotic strains imported and held in quarantine in California. Laboratory bioassays were carried out with four neonicotinoid insecticides on these various strains to evaluate resistance and cross- resistance patterns. An imidacloprid-resistant strain (IM-R) with 120- fold resistance originally collected from Imperial Valley, California, did not show cross-resistance to acetamiprid, dinotefuran or thiamethoxam. The Guatemala-resistant strain (GU-R) that was also highly resistant to imidacloprid (RR= 109-fold) showed low levels of crossresistance when bioassayed with acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. However, dinotefuran was more toxic than either imidacloprid or thiamethoxam to both IM-R and GU-R strains as indicated by low LC50s. By contrast, a Q-biotype Spanish- resistant strain (SQ-R) that is highly resistant to imidacloprid demonstrated high cross-resistance to the two related neonicotinoids. Field populations from Imperial Valley (California), Maricopa and Yuma (Arizona), showed variable susceptibility to imidacloprid (LC50s ranging from 3.39 to 115 mgmlx1) but did not exhibit cross-resistance to the three neonicotinoids suggesting that all three compounds would be effective in managing whiteflies. In contrast to the sweetpotato whitefly, the glassy-winged sharpshooter proved to be highly susceptible to all insecticides tested against it. The prognosis for continuing effective management against GWSS is good as a combination of chemical and biological control provides stable and balanced control. This same combination of chemical and biological control has also proven effective against the pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM) that currently infests portions of Imperial County, CA. There have been no new infestations of PHM outside of its range in Imperial County that was originally determined in 1999. Imported exotic parasitoids have been released and now mostly control PHM to low levels that help to prevent further spread. Neonicotinoid insecticides have also been shown to be highly effective against PHM and have helped to reduce populations in some areas that were not adequately protected using biocontrol alone.

      Impacts
      (N/A)

      Publications


        Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05

        Outputs
        4d Progress report. This report documents research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of California, Riverside. Additional details of research can be found in the report for parent CRIS 5344-22620-017-00D, Ecologically-Based Pest Management Strategies for Western Cotton. Soil application of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam to pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM) infested mulberry trees have been made. Drastic reduction in infestations occurred with each treatment compound. Neonicotinoid chemistry has high potential for PHM containment.

        Impacts
        (N/A)

        Publications


          Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04

          Outputs
          4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? D. Progress Report. This report documents research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the University of California, Riverside. Additional details of research can be found in the report for parent CRIS 5344-22620-015-00D, Ecologically-Based Pest Management Strategies for Western Cotton. Soil application of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam to pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM) infested mulberry trees. Drastic reduction in infestations occurred with each treatment compound. Neonicotinoid chemistry has high potential for PHM containment.

          Impacts
          (N/A)

          Publications