Progress 02/01/03 to 05/31/05
Outputs
4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under trust agreement #58-5450-3-410 between ARS and the National Cattlemans Beef Association. Additional details of this project can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 5450-510000-034-00D. To better define the relationship between dietary calcium and meat protein, we have successfully conducted a carefully controlled feed study in 27 postmenopausal women. The findings were summarized in the parent CRIS and were reported at the 2004 Annual meeting of The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research in Seattle, Washington in October, 2004.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Roughead, Z.K., Lykken, G.I., Johnson, L.K. Substituting soy protein for meat protein did not affect calcium (Ca) retention or biomarkers of bone and cardiovascular health in a controlled feeding study of healthy postmenopausal women. FASEB Journal. 2003. v.17 A705. Presented by Z.K. Roughead at Experimental Biology meeting. San Diego, CA. April, 2003.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? A. None B. None C. None D. This report serves to document research conducted under trust agreement #58-5450-3-410 between ARS and the National Cattleman's Beef Association. Additional details of this project can be found in the report for parent CRIS 5450-510000-034-00D. To better define the relationship between dietary calcium and meat protein, we have successfully conducted a carefully controlled feeding study in 27 postmenopausal women. Data analysis is in progress. The preliminary findings are summarized in the parent CRIS and will be reported at the 2004 Annual meeting of The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research in Seattle, Washington.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Roughead, Z.K., Lykken, G.I., Johnson, L.K. Substituting soy protein for meat protein did not affect calcium (Ca) retention or biomarkers of bone and cardiovascular health in a controlled feeding study of healthy postmenopausal women. FASEB Journal. 2003. v.17 A705. Presented by Z.K. Roughead at Experimental Biology meeting. San Diego, CA. April, 2003.
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it? The Food and Drug Administration has approved a health claim stating that a daily consumption of 25 g of soy protein, as part of a low fat diet, may reduce the risk of heart disease. Recent studies suggest that soy protein may also protect against postmenopausal bone loss. In contrast, the consumption of meat protein is often cited as a risk factor for osteoporosis. To date, no study has compared the effects of substituting soy protein for meat protein on calcium retention under controlled conditions. Because the consumption of soy protein as a meat substitute is increasing in this country, a careful assessment of the effects of this dietary practice on calcium retention is needed. 2. How serious is the problem? Why does it matter? In the elderly, hip fractures associated with osteoporosis cause mortality in up to 20% of the cases, with costly long-term nursing home care required for
most survivors. The notion that meat consumption is a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis and soy protein is protective is not based on observations from controlled studies and deserves further examination. As inadequate protein and zinc status are common nutritional problems in the elderly, meat is an excellent source of both nutrients, and both proteins are commonly consumed, it is important to give evidence-based advice about the risks and benefits of consuming meat and soy proteins on maintenance of bone health and prevention of osteoporosis. 3. How does it relate to the National Program(s) and National Program Component(s) to which it has been assigned? This research relates to the National Program 107, Human Nutrition. Specifically, it addresses nutrient requirements, mechanisms of action of nutrients, identification of biomarkers (for the study of bone status), nutrient-nutrient and nutrient-gene interactions, identification of health promoting properties of plant
and animal foods, and health promoting intervention strategies for targeted populations. 4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? This report serves to document research conducted under a Trust Fund Cooperative Agreement, #58-5450-3-41, between ARS and the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. Additional details of research can be found under the report for the parent project 5450-51000-034-00D. A controlled feeding study of postmenopausal women was completed to determine calcium retention (by using calcium-47 as a tracer and whole body scintillation counting) from diets containing meat protein to those in which 25 grams of soy protein was substituted for meat protein. Fractional calcium absorption was very similar between the two diets indicating that meat consumption does not increase calcium loss from the body and any beneficial effects of soy protein on bone are unrelated to changes in intestinal absorption of calcium and may be related to its utilization
by bone. As the effect of soy protein consumption on calcium metabolism is not adequately tested and soy consumption is on the rise, especially in postmenopausal women, the findings from this study have important implications for providing evidence-based advice to the public regarding the risks and benefits of consuming soy and meat protein for bone health in the context of a mixed diet. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. Over the life of the project, it is expected that our understanding of the effects of animal protein versus vegetable protein consumption on bone metabolism will be enhanced. It is expected that the data base on the effects of common dietary practices such as consuming soy protein versus meat protein on bone metabolism will be expanded. 6. What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years? FY 2004: The analysis of data from in this study (15 postmenopausal women) are
complete, the results have been reported at major scientific meetings and a manuscript is in preparation for publication in a peer- reviewed journal. FY 2004: Another controlled feeding will be conducted in postmenopausal women to test the interaction between meat protein and dietary calcium. FY 2005: Blood and urine samples from above-mentioned study will be analyzed and the statistical analysis will be completed. FY 2006: The results of the study will be reported in scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed journals. 7. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? Technology has been transferred through a variety of activities by writing articles for the local newspaper, by speaking to various consumer and stakeholder groups and providing
consultation to various media. 8. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: This does not replace your peer-reviewed publications listed below). Z.K. Roughead presented a paper entitled: "Effects of daily substitution of soy protein for meat protein on calcium retention and biomarkers of bone and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women", at the 5th International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease. Orlando, Florida. September, 2003. Information about the effects of soy protein on calcium retention was presented to postmenopausal women at University of North Dakota Women's Center and to members of North Dakota Stockmen Association.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Roughead, Z.K., Lykken, G.I., Johnson, L.K. Substituting soy protein for meat protein did not affect calcium (Ca) retention or biomarkers of bone and cardiovascular health in a controlled feeding study of healthy postmenopausal women. FASEB Journal. 2003. v.17 A705. Presented by Z.K. Roughead at Experimental Biology meeting. San Diego, CA. April, 2003.
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