Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Data from the 1994-96 and 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals are analyzed . Significant correlation between womenas BMI and age, race, dietary patterns, TV watching, and smoking were observed among women from both low-income and high-income households. Beverage consumption, eating out, the importance of maintaining healthy weight, and exercise were correlated with BMI only among women from high-income households. Among children, age, race, income, and motheras BMI were significantly correlated with child BMI. Conclusions: Among women, the associations between some behavioral and environmental factors and BMI differ by household income. Intervention programs need to target specific eating and physical activity behaviors to promote healthy body weight. See the project "Factor Affecting Childhood Obesity Among Low-Inocme Households" for output.
Impacts
The project results present cause for concern because of increasing empirical evidence linking soft drink consumption with several nutrition and health risk factors.
Publications
- Lin, B., Frazao, E., Guthrie, J., 2002, "American Children's Diets Not Making the Grade", Food Review, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September, pp.
- Lin, B., Guthrie, J., Simone A French, 2003, "National Trends in Soft Drink Consumption Among Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years: Prevalence, Amounts and Sources, 19", Journal of American Dietetic Association, Vol. 108, Issue 10, pp. 1326-1337
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
Trends between 1977/78 and 1994/98 in the prevalence, amounts and sources of soft drink consumption were examined among youth aged 6-17 years. The prevalence of soft drink consumption among youth aged 6-17 years increased 48%, from 37% in 1977/78 to 56% in 1994/98. Average intake more than doubled, from five fluid ounces to 12 fluid ounces. Although the home environment remained the largest source of children's soft drink access, an increasing share was obtained from restaurants and fast food places (+53%), vending machines (+48%) and other sources (+37%). The obesity epidemic has not spared U.S. youth, and currently it is estimated that 22% of U.S. youth are overweight. Soft drinks may contribute to excess total energy intake, and thus may place children at risk for the development of obesity. Soft drinks may also displace more nutritious beverage choices among youth, particularly milk. Since milk is the primary calcium source in children's diets, this may be
contributing to lower calcium intake in childhood and adolescence, lower peak bone mass in young adulthood, and increased risk for current bone fracture and osteoporosis in later life. Issues involving children's consumption of milk and soft drinks at school are discussed in a research brief FANRR 34-7.
Impacts
The project results present cause for concern because of increasing empirical evidence linking soft drink consumption with several nutrition and health risk factors.
Publications
- Lin, B., Frazao, E., Guthrie, J., 2002, "American Children's Diets Not Making the Grade", Food Review, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September, pp.
- Lin, B., Guthrie, J., Simone A French, 2003, "National Trends in Soft Drink Consumption Among Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years: Prevalence, Amounts and Sources, 19", Journal of American Dietetic Association, Vol. 108, Issue 10, pp. 1326-1337
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
Children's beverage consumption was analyzed using data from the 1994-98 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. It was found that as children age, a bigger proportion of them consume soft drinks and in greater amounts. At the same time, a smaller proportion of children consume milk and in smaller amounts. This trend in beverage choices could lead to undesirable nutritional consequences. The results are published in the European Review of Agricultural Economics.
Impacts
Studies under this project examine the factors associated with several aspects of children's diets and nutritional status including diet quality, nutrient intakes, food consumption, and obesity. See the outputs for specific findings.
Publications
- Frazao, E., Guthrie, J., Lin, B., 1999, "Quality of Children's Diets At and Away From Home: 1994-96", Food Review, Vol. 22, Issue 1, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September,
- Variyam, J., 2001, "Overweight Children: Is Parental Nutrition Knowledge a Factor?", Food Review, Vol. 24, Issue 2, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, May, pp. 18-22.
- Variyam, J., "WIC participation and the Nutrient Intake of Preschoolers", Paper presented at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, August 5, 2001,
- Lin, B., Frazao, E., Guthrie, J., 2002, "American Children's Diets Not Making the Grade", Food Review, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September,
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