Progress 08/01/02 to 07/31/05
Outputs
4d Progress report. This final report describes research that is being conducted under a Specific Cooperative Agreement with the University of Vermont and is associated with project 1265-12000-026-00D, entitled Comprehensive Systems for Managing Nutrient Flows and Gaseous Emissions in Relation to Dairy Manure. The goals are to 1) develop decision support modules for ammonia volatilization from dairy manure, and 2) contribute data toward developing a database for a decision support module for the pre-sidedress soil nitrate test. Collaborative research with ARS has shown that ammonia volatilization is a major nitrogen (N) loss process for surface-applied manures. There is growing public concern that current manure management practices may be promoting ammonia enrichment of streams and estuaries. Agriculture is the major source of ammonia emissions, contributing an estimated 90% of total emissions. Land application of manures is estimated to be the largest source of
agricultural ammonia in the Northeast. Ammonia losses from land application can vary from 5-95% of the manure ammonium-N depending on management practices and environmental conditions. The major factors affecting manure ammonia loss from land applications are: manure characteristics, such as dry matter content; application method, such as, incorporation or injection; soil conditions, such as soil moisture or residue cover; and environmental factors, such as temperature and wind speed. The largest losses occur from surface applications to soils with high residue cover under warm weather conditions. The most effective method to minimize loss is immediate incorporation by direct injection or by tillage. The particular management choice will depend on the circumstances of the individual livestock producer. Adopting manure management practices that conserve ammonium-N can lower fertilizer costs and reduce odors and the likelihood of nutrient loss in runoff, thus providing both economic
savings to the farmer and environmental benefits to society. These results were summarized in three invited technology transfer articles that were published in a full-color 150-page book entitled Advanced Silage Corn Management, published by the Pacific Field Corn Association. Over 2500 copies have been sold/distributed in at least 12 U. S. states and most Canadian provinces in the six months since publication. The citations for these articles are: 1. Jokela, W.E. 2004. Using solid manure: Vermont experience. In: Bittman, S. and Kowalenko, C.G., editors. Advanced Silage Corn Management. Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada. Pacific Field Corn Association. p.59- 60. 2. Jokela, W.E. 2004. Economic advantage of rapid manure incorporation: Vermont experience. In: Bittman, S. and Kowalenko, C.G., editors. Advanced Silage Corn Management. Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada. Pacific Field Corn Association. p.61-64. These results have also been integrated into Training Courses for Crop Advisors
and NRCS agents as shown in the following presentations: 1. Managing Ammonia Losses from Manure. Certified Crop Advisors Training Workshop Nutrient Management. Bordentown, NJ. July 14, 2004. 2. Ammonia Losses from Manure. NRCS Technology Workshop - Eastern U.S. Burlington, VT. June 10, 2004.
Impacts
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Publications
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? D. Progress Report. This report describes research that is being conducted under a Specific Cooperative Agreement with the University of Vermont and is associated with in-house CRIS 1265-12000-026-00D entitled Comprehensive Systems for Managing Nutrient Flows and Gaseous Emissions in Relation to Dairy Manure. The goals are to 1) develop decision support modules for ammonia volatilization from dairy manure, and 2) contribute data toward developing a database for a decision support module for the pre-sidedress soil nitrate test. Collaborative research under this CRIS has shown that ammonia volatilization is a major nitrogen (N) loss process for surface-applied manures. There is growing public concern that current manure management practices may be promoting ammonia enrichment of streams and estuaries. Agriculture is the major source of ammonia emissions, contributing an estimated 90% of total emissions.
Land application of manures is estimated to be the largest source of agricultural ammonia in the Northeast. Ammonia losses from land application can vary from 5-95% of the manure ammonium-N depending on management practices and environmental conditions. The major factors affecting manure ammonia loss from land applications are: manure characteristics, such as dry matter content; application method, such as, incorporation or injection; soil conditions, such as soil moisture or residue cover; and environmental factors, such as temperature and wind speed. The largest losses occur from surface applications to soils with high residue cover under warm weather conditions. The most effective method to minimize loss is immediate incorporation by direct injection or by tillage. The particular management choice will depend on the circumstances of the individual livestock producer. Adopting manure management practices that conserve ammonium-N can lower fertilizer costs and reduce odors and
the likelihood of nutrient loss in runoff, thus providing both economic savings to the farmer and environmental benefits to society. These results were summarized into several popular press articles that are being published in a grower magazine entitled Advanced Silage Corn Management, published by the Pacific Field Corn Association.
Impacts
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Publications
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