Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1) Identify the time period of maximum Sclerotinia infections to sunflower heads; and 2) establish methodology for assessing wild sunflower species for head rot resistance. Approach (from AD-416) Sunflower heads will be inoculated weekly using different types of inoculum and different means of maintaining the inoculum on the heads to promote and measure disease progress with time. Several methods of inoculation and assessment of reaction of multiple-head wild sunflower accessions will be made to identify resistance. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report documents research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the National Sunflower Association of Canada. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the in- house associated project 5442-21220-023-00D, �Sclerotinia Diseases.� It�s overall objective is to identify the time period of maximum sclerotinia infections to sunflower heads and to establish methodology for assessing wild sunflower species for head rot resistance. The 400 accessions of wild perennial sunflower were tested for Sclerotinia head rot reaction under field conditions by inoculating a group of plants in each accession at two different times during the flowering period, early flowering and late flowering. These accessions were assessed at weekly intervals for head rot infection. Data were compared to previous years and several accessions were confirmed with good level of resistance to head and stem infection with Sclerotinia ascospores, the natural infection process that occurs in cultivated sunflower crops. Sample plants of such accessions (20 accessions in total) have been transferred to USDA in Fargo, for crossing with sunflower inbred lines to transfer the genetic resistance to cultivated sunflower, the work is in progress, and a few hundreds of progeny will be tested. Plants of 15 accessions representing the best resistant material and a few susceptible accessions were transplanted into a greenhouse facility at Morden. Artificial inoculations with ascospores have been conducted continuously on those accessions by inoculating flowers as the open on each plant. Data has been collected and this will add to our understanding of the resistant mechanism involved in those accessions. ADODR monitoring activities to evaluate research progress included phone calls, meetings with the cooperator, and an annual meeting held each year in January. A list of technology Transfer/extension efforts: Results were presented at the NSA and NSI meetings in Fargo, and a poster at the National Sunflower Association of Canada. (NSAC) Rashid, K. Y., and G. J. Seiler. 2006. Updates on epidemiology and resistance to Sclerotinia head rot in wild sunflower species. In proceedings of the National Sclerotinia Initiative of the USA, January 2006, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Rashid, K. Y. 2006. Fungicides to control Sclerotinia head rot in sunflower. In proceedings of the National Sunflower Association of the USA, January 2006, Fargo, ND, USA Rashid, K. Y. 2006. Fungicides to control Sclerotinia head rot in sunflower. In proceedings of the National Sclerotinia Initiative of the USA, January 2006, Minneapolis MN, USA.
Impacts
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Progress 06/01/02 to 05/31/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1) Identify the time period of maximum Sclerotinia infections to sunflower heads; and 2) establish methodology for assessing wild sunflower species for head rot resistance. Approach (from AD-416) Sunflower heads will be inoculated weekly using different types of inoculum and different means of maintaining the inoculum on the heads to promote and measure disease progress with time. Several methods of inoculation and assessment of reaction of multiple-head wild sunflower accessions will be made to identify resistance. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Research on this project was completed on 05/31/2007. See the annual report for FY 2007 (October 31, 2006-September 30, 2007) which details the progress of this agreement. Administrative close-out procedures have now been completed.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the National Sunflower Association of Canada. The project was initiated on June 1, 2002 and research is ongoing. The overall objective is to identify the time period of maximum sclerotinia infections to sunflower heads and to establish methodology for assessing wild sunflower species for head rot resistance. Please refer to the report for project 5442-21220-010-00D, Sclerotinia Diseases, for additional information. The goals were to determine the susceptible stage of wild sunflower to sclerotinia head rot, identify sources of resistance to sclerotinia root rot and head rot and basal-stalk rot among wild sunflower accessions of Helianthus maximiliani and H. nuttallii collected from southern Manitoba, Canada, and identify effective fungicides to control head rot. During the present reporting period, the incidence of sclerotinia wilt
in the wild sunflower accessions was not very high and the data collected confirmed the resistance in some accessions to the wilt incidence. Around 20 accessions were transplanted and sent to the USDA-ARS, Fargo, for further genetic studies. Head rot and mid stem infections from ascospores and ground sclerotinia-infected millet seed were successful and data collected confirmed the resistance in several accessions, all of which has been transplanted and transferred to the USDA-ARS, Fargo for further studies and gene transfer to Helianthus annuus inbred lines. Seven accessions of H. maximiliani and six of H. nuttallii were identified with no sclerotinia infection to heads and mid-stems. A trial was been established to test foliar application of fungicide to protect sunflower heads. Results indicated that Ronilan and Endura/Lence (BASF Experimental 510), and a new experimental from BAYER (JAU6476) and Topsin were effective in protecting sunflower heads against sclerotinia head rot.
Publications and presentations: Rashid, K. Y., and G.J. Seiler. 2006. Updates on epidemiology and resistance to Sclerotinia head rot in wild sunflower species. In proceedings of the National Sclerotinia Initiative of the USA, January 2006, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Rashid, K. Y. 2006. Fungicides to control Sclerotinia head rot in sunflower. In proceedings of the National Sunflower Association of the USA, January 2006, Fargo, ND, USA Rashid, K. Y. 2006. Fungicides to control Sclerotinia head rot in sunflower. In proceedings of the National Sclerotinia Initiative of the USA, January 2006, Minneapolis MN, USA.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
4d Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the National Sunflower Association of Canada. The project was initiated on June 1, 2002 and research is ongoing. The overall objective is to identify the time period of maximum sclerotinia infections to sunflower heads and to establish methodology for assessing wild sunflower species for head rot resistance. Please refer to the report for project 5442-21220-010-00D, Sclerotinia Diseases, for additional information. Significant findings made during the past year included the following: a) Determined the growth stage of early flowering 1-3 weeks as the peak head rot infection period in sunflower and wild sunflower. b) Conducted three years of field testing and identified several accessions of wild sunflower species with resistance to basal stem infection, and to mid-stem and head infections.
Impacts
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? A. Single Most Significant Accomplishment during FY 2003: None. B. Other Significant Accomplishment(s), if any. None at the present time. C. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations. None. D. Progress Report This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the National Sunflower Association of Canada. The project was initiated on June 1, 2002 and research is ongoing. Its overall objective is to identify the time period of maximum sclerotinia infections to sunflower heads and to establish methodology for assessing wild sunflower species for head rot resistance. Please refer to the report for project 5442-21220-010-00D, Sclerotinia Diseases, for additional information. The goals of this research are to determine the susceptible stage of wild sunflower to sclerotinia head rot, identify sources of resistance to sclerotinia
root rot and head rot and basal-stalk rot among wild sunflower accessions of Helianthus maximiliani and H. nuttallii collected from southern Manitoba, Canada, and identify effective fungicides to control head rot. The trials have been established, seeding was delayed this spring due to oversaturated fields in southern Manitoba. Millet seed infected with sclerotinia has been applied twice to the soil surface around the 400 accessions of the wild sunflower plants, and were lightly covered with soil to protect the sclerotinia inoculum from drying or blowing away. Data will be collected on basal-stem infections and wilt during the season. Ascospores and ground sclerotinia-infected millet seed will be applied to stems and heads later at flowering and 2 weeks later to assess the reaction of the 400 accessions of wild sunflowers to head rot infections. A trial has been established to test foliar application of fungicide to protect sunflower heads. Previous results indicated that Ronilan
and Endura were effective in protecting sunflower heads against sclerotinia head rot and saved about 40% of the yield in comparison to untreated control plots.
Impacts
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