Progress 09/01/02 to 08/31/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Specific Cooperative Agreement to support the interaction of Tufts University personnel with the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative. Approach (from AD-416) Tufts University will provide a representative who will interact with and assist the ARS Executive Director, Delta NIRI, in Delta Initiative activities. This representative will attend meetings, participate in proposal writing, data analysis and manuscript preparation, and food frequency development, and other Delta NIRI activities as mutually agreed upon with the Executive Director. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Monitoring of cooperator�s performance and adherence to conditions of the agreement was by: a site visit; quarterly reports consisting of budgetary material, progress towards goals and objectives, and review of publications and manuscripts in progress; and numerous conference calls and emails. The overall goals of generating the publications below were to present results from the Jackson Heart Study and make the scientific community aware of the valid dietary assessment tools available for use in a southern population. Numerous abstracts and manuscripts were presented and submitted as a result of the cooperative relationship between the ARS and Tufts University. Talegawkar, S., Johnson, E., Carithers, T., Taylor Jr., H., Bogle, M., Tucker, K. 2007. Carotenoid intakes, assessed by food frequency questionnaires are associated with serum carotenoid concentrations in the Jackson Heart Study: Validation of the Jackson Heart Study Delta NIRI Adult Food Frequency Questionnaire. Submitted to Public Health Nutrition. Talegawkar, S., Johnson, E., Carithers, T., Taylor Jr., H., Bogle, M., Tucker, K. 2007. Total a-Tocopherol intakes are associated with serum a- Tocopherol concentrations in African American Adults. Journal of Nutrition. 137:2297-2303. Talegawkar, S.A., Johnson, E.J., Carithers, T.C., Taylor, H.S., Taylor, H.S., Bogle, M.L., Tucker, K.L. 2007. Dietary patterns are associated with antioxidant biomarkers in the Diet and Physical Activity Substudy (DPASS) of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Circulation. 115(8):e238. Technology Transfer Number of Non-Peer Reviewed Presentations and Proceedings: 1
Impacts
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Publications
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? Why does it matter? The Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) area of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi is characterized by high rates of poverty, low education attainment, and food insecurity. There is a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, anemia, and heart disease, all of which are influenced by nutrition. We are attempting to resolve these problems through the efforts of the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative (Delta NIRI). The Delta NIRI Consortium consists of the original partners: scientists from Alcorn State University, Alcorn State, MS (ASU); Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR (ACHRI); Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (PBRC); Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA (SU); The University of
Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR (UAPB); The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS (USM); and the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of USDA, Little Rock, AR. The Delta NIRI Consortium also now includes representatives from the Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service; the College of Public Health of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; a private researcher, Jackson, MS; and members from the Delta communities of Marvell, AR; Hollandale, MS; and Franklin Parish, LA. The ARS has initiated agreements with other scientists with needed expertise for specific research requirements. For example, the Children's Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) in Houston is collaborating with a Baylor College of Medicine scientist that has nutrition epidemiology skills, and the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University in Boston is providing expertise on the development of an original adult food frequency
questionnaire. These scientists, Extension, and community members participate fully in the Delta NIRI Consortium. The Consortium is diverse in its composition: including minorities, many research disciplines (nutrition, food science, family economics, sociology, medicine, community development, community grass root, agriculture, etc.), and a variety of professionals (nutritionists, pediatricians, nurses, food scientists, sociologists, agriculture economists, etc.). This diversity is necessary because of the complexity of the food concerns, poverty, isolation, and low educational attainment in parts of the Delta region. The Delta NIRI Consortium is evaluating the nutritional health in the LMD, to identify nutritionally responsive problems, and to design and evaluate interventions using a community participatory research model. Use of this model will promote capacity- building and sustainability at the community level. Lessons learned about successful intervention approaches will be
disseminated in order to facilitate implementation on a larger scale in similar areas of the United States. Rates of rural poverty and nutrition-related chronic diseases in the LMD are among the Nation's highest. Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana traditionally rank at or near the bottom in health rankings of the United States and continue to worsen compared with other states. Food insecurity, adult and child obesity, and high blood pressure and diabetes among adults are higher in each of these states than for the national average. The area is underserved by food and nutrition and other health professionals, thus the burden of food-related health problems is carried by minority, low-income, and educationally disadvantaged individuals and families in the Delta communities. The presence of these problems severely limits the quality of life, productivity, and the future of this rural, at-risk population, while propelling them into the high-user category for nutrition assistance
programs and high-cost health care and treatment of nutrition-related disease. The Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative falls under the National Program 107 - Human Nutrition, and addresses ARS Strategic Plan performance goal 4.1.1 through developing and transferring effective nutrition intervention strategies. 2. List by year the currently approved milestones (indicators of research progress) 2005: Objective 1. Initiate data analysis from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Diet Sub-Study with collaborating scientists from the Delta NIRI and the Jackson Heart Study. Milestone a) Analyze data from the Delta NIRI Adult Food Frequency Questionnaire (Delta NIRI FFQ) and 24-hour dietary recalls administered in the JHS diet sub-study. Milestone b) Begin preparation of manuscripts for the validation of the Delta NIRI FFQ. 2006 Objective 1. Continue collaboration with the Delta NIRI and the JHS for completing the validation of the Delta NIRI FFQ. Milestone a) Complete
laboratory analysis of blood and urine samples from the JHS diet sub-study. Milestone b) Complete data analysis of blood samples and dietary data from the JHS diet sub-study. Milestone c) Finalize manuscripts for the Delta NIRI FFQ validation comparing biological data and dietary data and submit to a peer reviewed journal for publication. 2007 Objective 1. Continue collaboration with the Delta NIRI and the JHS for additional studies of data from the JHS diet sub-study. Milestone a) Complete and submit manuscripts to peer reviewed journals. Objective 2. Continue collaboration with the Delta NIRI in analyzing Delta NIRI FFQs from the Lower Mississippi Delta. Milestone a) Assist in the completion of manuscripts from the Delta NIRI FFQ studies and submit to peer reviewed journals. 4a List the single most significant research accomplishment during FY 2006. Comparison of Dietary Intake Measured by Delta NIRI Adult FFQ to Plasma Measures of Carotenoids and Tocopherols. Knowledge is lacking
in the epidemiology of Lower Mississippi Delta residents, specifically for such nutrients as carotenoids, tocopherols, and total antioxidant capacity. Researchers at Tufts University, supported by the Lower Mississippi Delta NIRI, completed the statistical analysis of all the dietary and plasma carotenoids and tocopherols from a cohort of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) (250 men and 250 women) to intake measures assessed by the Delta NIRI Adult Food Frequency (Delta NIRI FFQ). These nutrients have not been previously examined in this way in this population. The data collected by JHS and analyzed at Tufts show that the dietary assessment methods of the Delta NIRI FFQ appear to be valid. They also show that this population has high use of vitamin E supplements. The impact of this accomplishment will allow other scientists to benefit from the publications and the use of the Delta NIRI FFQ. This accomplishment is aligned with National Program 107 Human Nutrition: Component 3. Nutrition
Monitoring. Action Plan Problem Statements: 1) Develop methodologies that accurately assess food consumption and validate with objective measures. 2) Provide statistical and meaningful information on the food consumption of subgroups, i.e., different ages, ethnicity, regions and income levels. 5. Describe the major accomplishments to date and their predicted or actual impact. The Tufts cooperator collaborated with scientists of the Delta NIRI in developing a Delta NIRI Adult Food Frequency (Delta NIRI FFQ) from data collected in the Foods of Our Delta Study (FOODS 2000). This FFQ was used in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Diet Sub Study to identify usual food intake of the participants. The Diet Sub Study was initiated to validate the Delta NIRI FFQ. The Cooperator processed and analyzed the Delta NIRI FFQ's and four 24-hour dietary recalls of approximately 500 adults from the JHS. These data were used to identify coding errors and to improve the nutrient database used to
calibrate the FFQ. Blood samples were analyzed for serum carotenoids and tocopherols to be used for comparison with the dietary assessment methods. The Delta NIRI Adult FFQ is now available to researchers working in this area. This is important as the Delta region has some of the highest chronic disease rates in the country and dietary intake is a large contributory factor. Analysis of total antioxidant activity in the plasma has been completed using a new method. This will be analyzed in relation to the dietary intake patterns to gain a better idea of its meaning. We have completed the collection, entry and cleaning of dietary data, including more than 400 full Delta NIRI FFQ's, 1600 24-hour recalls, and 3000 short versions of the Delta NIRI FFQ. All accomplishments made under this project are fully consistent with relevant milestones listed in the Project Plan, and with the relevant research components as defined in the National Program 107 Human Nutrition Action Plan.
Accomplishments under this project contribute to the achievement of ARS Strategic Plan Goal 4, Objective 1, Performance Measure 1, in that project accomplishments contribute substantially to attainment of the Agency FY 2007 target of executing and reporting nutritional interventions.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? The Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) area of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi is characterized by high rates of poverty, low education attainment, and food insecurity. There is a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, anemia, and heart disease, all of which are influenced by nutrition. We are attempting to resolve these problems through the efforts of the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative (Delta NIRI). The Delta NIRI Consortium consists of the original partners: scientists from Alcorn State University, Alcorn State, MS (ASU); Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR (ACHRI); Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (PBRC); Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA (SU); The University of Arkansas at Pine
Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR (UAPB); The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS (USM); and the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of USDA, Little Rock, AR. The Delta NIRI Consortium also now includes representatives from the Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service; the College of Public Health of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; a private researcher, Jackson, MS; and members from the Delta communities of Marvell, AR; Hollandale, MS; and Franklin Parish, LA. The ARS has initiated agreements with other scientists with needed expertise for specific research requirements. For example, the Children's Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) in Houston is collaborating with a Baylor College of Medicine scientist that has nutrition epidemiology skills, and the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University in Boston is providing expertise on the development of an original adult food frequency questionnaire.
These scientists, Extension, and community members participate fully in the Delta NIRI Consortium. The Consortium is diverse in its composition: including minorities, many research disciplines (nutrition, food science, family economics, sociology, medicine, community development, community grass root, agriculture, etc.), and a variety of professionals (nutritionists, pediatricians, nurses, food scientists, sociologists, agriculture economists, etc.). This diversity is necessary because of the complexity of the food concerns, poverty, isolation, and low educational attainment in parts of the Delta region. The Delta NIRI Consortium is evaluating the nutritional health in the LMD, to identify nutritionally responsive problems, and to design and evaluate interventions using a community participatory research model. Use of this model will promote capacity-building and sustainability at the community level. Lessons learned about successful intervention approaches will be disseminated in
order to facilitate implementation on a larger scale in similar areas of the United States. Rates of rural poverty and nutrition-related chronic diseases in the LMD are among the Nation's highest. Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana traditionally rank at or near the bottom in health rankings of the United States and continue to worsen compared with other states. Food insecurity, adult and child obesity, and high blood pressure and diabetes among adults are higher in each of these states than for the national average. The area is underserved by food and nutrition and other health professionals, thus the burden of food-related health problems is carried by minority, low-income, and educationally disadvantaged individuals and families in the Delta communities. The presence of these problems severely limits the quality of life, productivity, and the future of this rural, at-risk population, while propelling them into the high-user category for nutrition assistance programs and high-cost
health care and treatment of nutrition-related disease. The Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative falls under the National Program 107 - Human Nutrition, and addresses established performance goals through developing and transferring effective nutrition intervention strategies. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Year 1 (2003): Calibrate the Delta NIRI food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), using data from the Delta NIRI Adult Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) administered to 500 subjects in the Jackson Heart Study. Prepare manuscripts on the development of the Delta NIRI Adult FFQ. Year 2 (2004): Continue to process the FFQ's and 24-hour recalls that are being administered in the Jackson Heart Study. Conduct data analysis to calibrate the instrument. Analyze blood samples from the Jackson Heart diet sub-study, as available, to provide evidence of validity of the FFQ from biomarkers. Publish manuscripts on the development
of the Delta NIRI Adult FFQ. Year 3 (2005): Initiate data analysis from the Jackson Heart Study - Diet Sub-study with collaborating scientists from the Delta NIRI and the Jackson Heart Study. Begin preparation of manuscripts for the FFQ validation. Year 4 (2006): Complete data analysis from the Jackson Heart Study - Diet Sub-study with collaborating scientists from the Delta NIRI and the Jackson Heart Study. Finalize manuscripts for the FFQ validation. 3a List the milestones that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2005. For each milestone, indicate the status: fully met, substantially met, or not met. If not met, why. 1. Initiate data analysis from the Jackson Heart Study. Milestone Fully Met 2. Begin preparation of manuscripts for the Food Frequency Questionnaire validation. Milestone Fully Met 3b List the milestones that you expect to address over the next 3 years (FY 2006, 2007, and 2008). What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years under each
milestone? Year 2006 Milestone 1) Complete data analysis from the Jackson Heart Study - Diet Sub-study with collaborating scientists from the Delta NIRI and the Jackson Heart Study. Accomplishment: Analysis will be completed describing the relative validity of the FFQ compared with 4 dietary 24-hour recalls and with plasma carotenoids and tocopherols. Milestone 2) Describe the new measure of total antioxidant capacity. Accomplishment: Finalize manuscripts for the FFQ validation. 4a What was the single most significant accomplishment this past year? ANALYSIS OF MISSISSIPPI NUTRIENTS IN RESIDENTS Knowledge is lacking in the epidemiology of Mississippi residents, specifically for such nutrients as carotenoids, tocopherols, and total antioxidant capacity. Researchers at Tufts University, supported by the Lower Mississippi Delta NIRI, completed the analysis of all the dietary and plasma carotenoids and tocopherols from a cohort of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) (250 men and 250 women).
These nutrients have not been previously examined in this way in this population. The data collected by JHS and analyzed at Tufts will document the status of these nutrients and provide information on our ability to assess them for use in larger epidemiologic studies. Other scientists will benefit from the publications. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. Delta NIRI FFQ's have been processed along with 24-hour recalls from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Preliminary analyses were conducted to calibrate the Delta NIRI FFQ, and these data were used to identify coding errors and to improve the nutrient database used to calibrate the FFQ. Blood samples were analyzed for serum carotenoids and tocopherols to be used for comparison with the dietary assessment methods. The Delta NIRI Adult Food Frequency Questionnaire for use in this region is now available to researchers working in this area. This is important as
the Delta region has some of the highest chronic disease rates in the country and dietary intake is a large contributory factor. Analysis of total antioxidant activity in the plasma has been completed using a new method. This will be analyzed in relation to the dietary intake patterns to gain a better idea of its meaning. We have completed the collection, entry and cleaning of dietary data, including more than 400 full Delta NIRI FFQ's, 1600 24-hour recalls, and 3000 short Jackson Heart Study versions of the FFQ. All accomplishments made under this project are fully consistent with relevant milestones listed in the Project Plan, and with the relevant research components as defined in the National Program 107 Action Plans performance goals through developing and transferring effective nutrition intervention strategies. Accomplishments under this project contribute to the achievement of ARS Strategic Plan Goal 4, Objective 1, Performance Measure 1, in that project accomplishments
contribute substantially to attainment of the Agency FY 2007 target of executing and reporting nutritional interventions. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? The Delta NIRI Adult FFQ is being used by the Jackson Heart Study and is available for use by others in the region. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your peer reviewed publications below). Talegawkar, S., Tucker, K.L. for the Delta Project FFQ team. 2005. Development of the Delta NIRI Food Frequency Questionnaire. Delta NIRI All Delta Conference, "Collaborating Communities: Creating a Healthy Climate for Change," June 6-8, 2005. Robinsonville, Mississippi.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? The Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) area of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi is characterized by high rates of poverty, low education attainment, and food insecurity. There is a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, anemia, and heart disease, all of which are influenced by nutrition. We are attempting to resolve these problems through the efforts of the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative (Delta NIRI). The Delta NIRI Consortium consists of the original partners: scientists from Alcorn State University, Alcorn State, MS (ASU); Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR (ACHRI); Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (PBRC); Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA (SU); The University of Arkansas at Pine
Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR (UAPB); The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS (USM); and the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of USDA, Little Rock, AR. The Delta NIRI Consortium also now includes representatives from the Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service; the College of Public Health of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; a private researcher, Jackson, MS; and members from the Delta communities of Marvell, AR; Hollandale, MS; and Franklin Parish, LA. The ARS has initiated agreements with other scientists with needed expertise for specific research requirements. For example, the Children's Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) in Houston is collaborating with a Baylor College of Medicine scientist that has nutrition epidemiology skills, and the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University in Boston is providing expertise on the development of an original adult food frequency questionnaire.
These scientists, Extension, and community members participate fully in the Delta NIRI Consortium. The Consortium is diverse in its composition: including minorities, many research disciplines (nutrition, food science, family economics, sociology, medicine, community development, community grass root, agriculture, etc.), and a variety of professionals (nutritionists, pediatricians, nurses, food scientists, sociologists, agriculture economists, etc.). This diversity is necessary because of the complexity of the food concerns, poverty, isolation, and low educational attainment in parts of the Delta region. The Delta NIRI Consortium is evaluating the nutritional health in the LMD, to identify nutritionally responsive problems, and to design and evaluate interventions using a community participatory research model. Use of this model will promote capacity- building and sustainability at the community level. Lessons learned about successful intervention approaches will be disseminated in
order to facilitate implementation on a larger scale in similar areas of the United States. Rates of rural poverty and nutrition-related chronic diseases in the LMD are among the nation's highest. Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana traditionally rank at or near the bottom in health rankings of the United States and continue to worsen compared with other states. Food insecurity, adult and child obesity, and high blood pressure and diabetes among adults are higher in each of these states than for the National average. The area is underserved by food and nutrition and other health professionals, thus the burden of food-related health problems is carried by minority, low-income, and educationally disadvantaged individuals and families in the Delta communities. The presence of these problems severely limits the quality of life, productivity, and the future of this rural, at-risk population, while propelling them into the high-user category for nutrition assistance programs and
high-cost health care and treatment of nutrition-related disease. The Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative falls under the National Program 107 - Human Nutrition, and addresses established performance goal 3.1.2 through developing and transferring effective nutrition intervention strategies. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Year 1 (2003) Calibrate the Delta NIRI food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), using data from the Delta NIRI Adult Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) administered to 500 subjects in the Jackson Heart Study. Prepare manuscripts on the development of the Delta NIRI Adult FFQ. Year 2 (2004) Continue to process the FFQ's and 24-hour recalls that are being administered in the Jackson Heart Study. Conduct data analysis to calibrate the instrument. Analyze blood samples from the Jackson Heart diet sub-study, as available, to provide evidence of validity of the FFQ from biomarkers. Publish manuscripts on
teh development of the Delta NIRI Adult FFQ. Year 3 (2005) Complete data analysis from the Jackson Heart Study - Diet Sub-study with collaborating scientists from the Delta NIRI and the Jackson Heart Study. Begin preparation of manuscripts for the FFQ validation. 3. Milestones: A. List the milestones that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2004. How many milestones did you fully or substantially meet in FY 2004 and indicate which ones were not fully or substantially met, briefly explain why not, and your plans to do so. Continue to process the FFQ's and 24-hour recalls that are being administered in the Jackson Heart Study. This objective has been substantially met. The final compilation of dietary data has been received from Jackson for processing that will be completed within the next month. Conduct data analysis to calibrate the instrument. This objective has been substantially met. We have conducted preliminary analysis to calibrate the instrument, but plan to update these
analyses with the full dataset. This will be done over the next several months. Analyze blood samples from the Jackson Heart diet sub-study, as available, to provide evidence of validity of the FFQ from biomarkers. This objective has been substantially met. We have completed analysis of blood samples for serum carotenoids and tocopherols. As soon as the dietary data are complete, we will compare these to determine the relative ability of the differing methods to correlate with these biomarkers. B. List the milestones that you expect to address over the next 3 years (FY 2005, 2006, & 2007). What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years under each milestone? Year 2005 Complete data analysis from the Jackson Heart Study - Diet Sub-study with collaborating scientists from the Delta NIRI and the Jackson Heart Study. Anticipate initial preparation of manuscripts for the FFQ validation. Agreement Ending Date is 9/30/05. 4. What were the most significant
accomplishments this past year? A. Single most significant accomplishment during FY 2004: Blood samples analysis from the Jackson Heart study are needed to provide evidence of validity of the FFQ. Researchers at Tufts University, in collaboration with nutritionists from the Lower Mississippi Delta NIRI, have completed analysis of serum carotenoids and tocopherols for 500 African-American participants in the Jackson Heart Study. Completing the analysis allowed researchers to determine the relative ability of the differing methods (food recall and FFQ) to correlate with these biomarkers. The ultimate determination will impact the research methodology that will be used in future Delta NIRI and other research studies. B. Other significant accomplishment(s), if any. A further understanding of the relation between dietary antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity is needed. Researchers at Tufts University, in collaboration with nutritionists from the Lower Mississippi Delta NIRI,
have completed the analysis of total antioxidant capacity in serum samples. This analysis has allowed for additional use in assessing the relation between dietary antioxidants and the new measure of antioxidant capacity. Findings will further impact research design and processing of measurements. C. Significant activities that support special target populations. None. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. We have collaborated with the Delta NIRI in the design of surveys and other data collection instruments. Our major accomplishment over the life of the project was the development of both a long and shorter version of a new adult FFQ for use in the Lower Mississippi Delta and the writing of statistical programs to perform the nutrient analysis from these questionnaires. A version of this questionnaire is now being used in the Jackson Heart Study, where it has the potential to assist in clarifying the role of
dietary intake on risk factors for Heart Disease in an African-American population. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? The Food Frequency Questionnaire developed for the Delta NIRI has been modified and adopted for use in the Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS.
Impacts
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Publications
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