Progress 10/01/00 to 06/15/04
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? This is an interim/bridging project between the past project, 6402-21220- 004-00D, Use of Host Plant Resistance to Manage the Soybean Cyst Nematode, and a new project plan (6402-21220-008-00D) which was certified by OSQR on May 4, 2004. This research relates to the Host Plant Resistance component of National Program 303, Plant Diseases. The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines has been found in most of the states where soybean is produced. The estimated current value of soybean lost to the nematode is $1.1 billion. Economic loss caused by the soybean cyst nematode can be reduced by planting resistant soybean cultivars. Resistant cultivars are environmentally friendly. Because races (populations) of the nematode shift following planting of soybeans with particular genes for resistance, these
race changes must be monitored and anticipated. Also, new genes for resistance must be identified and transferred into elite cultivars. Soybean fields are being surveyed to identify the races currently prevalent in farmers' fields. Soybean cultivars are being developed that are resistant to the prevalent races of the nematode. A combination of traditional breeding and molecular marker technologies will be applied for improved efficiency. Marker assisted selection will be adopted for gene pyramiding in soybean for durable resistance. Also, nematode populations have been selected that parasitize the newest resistant cultivars. These populations will be used to identify soybean lines in the United States soybean germplasm collection that are resistant to the selected nematode populations. The newly identified resistant germplasm will be crossed with productive public varieties so a new generation of resistant cultivars will be available in about 10 years when they are needed to
combat new races of the nematode. Cultural practices that extend the life of host plant resistance will be evaluated. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Formal milestones were not identified for the bridging project; however, the objectives were: 1) Broaden soybean germplasm base for genetic resistance to new and emerging SCN populations, and 2) Integrate cultural practices to augment sustainability of host plant resistance for SCN. 3. Milestones: A. List the milestones (from the list in Question #2) that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2004. How many milestones did you fully or substantially meet in FY 2004 and indicate which ones were not fully or substantially met, briefly explain why not, and your plans to do so. The milestones scheduled for FY 2004 were 1) broaden soybean germplasm base for genetic resistance to new and emerging SCN populations, and 2) integrate cultural to augment sustainability of host plant resistance for SCN.
Significant progress was made for each of these research objectives (milestones). The progress is reported in Section 4. D. B. List the milestones (from the list in Question #2) that you expect to address over the next 3 years (FY 2005, 2006, & 2007). What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years under each milestone? This project is being terminated; however, the new project which continues this research has the following approved milestones for the next three years. FY 2005: Inheritance of resistance to race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C published. Mapping resistance to Race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C. Early soybean production system as a management strategy for soybean cyst nematode. FY 2006: Selection pressure of soybean cyst nematode driven by rotation of Hartwig derived plant resistance. Use of Brassica spp. as a biofumigant in management of soybean cyst nematode. FY 2007: Release germplasm with resistance to race 1, LY1 and/or LY2
nematode populations; also germplasm released with combined resistance to races 2, 3, 5 and 14 with LY1 and/or LY2. Map resistance to race 1, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 437655. Effects of cover/trap crops on management of soybean cyst nematode. 4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? A. Single most significant accomplishment during FY 2004 (one per Research (OOD) Project): An advanced breeding line, JTN-5503, entered into USDA Southern Preliminary Tests was the top yielding line in 12 states with an average of 53.3 bushels per acre with combined resistance to soybean cyst nematode, Frogeye leaf spot, charcoal rot and stem canker. This line is being released and will be valuable germplasm for soybean breeders. The soybean cyst nematode is a serious pest of soybean across the Southern USA, and public breeders have resistance to SCN as a major breeding objective. These efforts will result in publicly developed resistant varieties being released to growers. B.
Other significant accomplishment(s), if any. C. Significant activities that support special target populations. None D. Progress Report The identified parental material with broad based resistance to SCN include soybean lines PI 567516C, PI 567568A, PI 507354, PI 468916, PI 437655, PI 89772, PI 438489B, and Hartwig. Elite soybean cultivars include 5601T, HS93-4118 and Hamilton, and these are susceptible to soybean cyst nematode and are yellow seeded. Traditional crossings have been accomplished. F1 and F2 plants and F2 populations (280-320 F2 plants per population) were developed and grown in Costa Rica Winter nursery and are available for greenhouse testing to identify resistant progenies. Most promising lines that were previously selected and evaluated include JTN-5103, JTN-5203, JTN-5303 and JTN-5503. The pedigree for each of the four advanced lines include: S94-1956 x MD94-5396, R93-171 x Anand, R93- 171 x Anand, Fowler x Manokin and Fowler x Manokin, respectively. These
were entered into Uniform soybean tests for Southern states conducted by USDA-ARS-MSA. JTN-5503 has ranked number one and yielded on an average 54 bushels/acre, with multiple resistance to broad range of nematode populations combined with resistance to several fungal pathogens. This line is being released for germplasm purposes. Other selections that were made for further evaluations include: J00-91, J00-093, J00-103, J00-110 and J00-181. These selections originated from a common pedigree, Fowler x S95-1908 and were found to be resistant to soybean cyst nematode and yields were in the range of 50-56 bushels/acre. Management studies on the threat of soybean cyst nematode reproduction on winter annuals and cover crops during the non crop production period indicate that cover crop selection is important but that reproduction did not occur on common winter annual weeds and common cover crops studied. Management of soybean cyst nematode through rotation of sources of resistance and
nonhost crops is substantially completed. Soybean germplasm already identified as having resistance to soybean cyst nematode was screened with two populations known to reproduce on the PI 437654 source of resistance which is being incorporated into commercial cultivars. Field collection of soybean cyst nematode from fields where this resistance is being deployed is underway to determine the frequency of populations capable of reproducing on this source of resistance. Management studies on the effects of tillage on soybean cyst nematode reproduction found that long term areas what were tilled resulted in a dramatic increase in soybean cyst nematode reproduction and corresponding yield decrease. No effect was seen in moldboard plowed or disked areas when they were changed to no-tillage practices. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. This is an interim/bridging project between the past project, 6402-21220-
004-00D, Use of Host Plant Resistance to Manage the Soybean Cyst Nematode, and a new project plan (6402-21220-008-00D) which was certified by OSQR on May 4, 2004. Objectives in the past project were expanded in the new project to include marker assisted selection and identifying and incorporating new soybean genes for resistance to new and emerging nematode populations to solve most eminent threats to soybean industry. Marker assisted selection will reduce the time needed in breeding resistant cultivars. Two new scientists were hired for the project after a funding increase in FY 2001. Accomplishments of the past project included: Release of three soybean germplasm lines and three cultivars with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode; soybean yield of a resistant cultivar was 16% to 32% greater than yield of a susceptible cultivar in fields infested with the nematode; and rotation of resistant soybean cultivars with crops that are not hosts of the nematode slowed the change in
the nematode population from one race to another, which lengthens the time resistance genes are effective against the pest. Soybean germplasm lines D98-1218 and D99-2018 with phytophthora rot and resistance to the soybean cyst nematode were released. Vegetable soybean cultivars, Asmara and Randolph were evaluated and released after evaluation for resistance to soybean cyst nematode and Phytophthora rot. Soybean germplasm line S99-3181 that was released and has value as parent because of its good yield potential, its potential use in the natto market with shatter resistance, broad resistance to populations of soybean cyst nematode and southern root-knot nematode. S99-3181 is mid- group V maturity and yields were similar to cv. Hutcheson with 20% more on SCN infested soils with a mean yield of 3113 kg/ha versus 2938 kg/ha for Hutcheson. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end-
user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? Soybean germplasm lines D98-1218 and D99-2018 with resistance to soybean cyst nematode were released to soybean breeders and/or the public. Vegetable soybean cultivars Asmara and Randolph were released to the public. Germplasm S99-3181 with broad resistance to soybean cyst nematode and southern root-knot nematode was released for its potential in the natto market. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. Shannon, J.G., Sleper, D.A., Arelli, P.R., Wrather, J.A., Kenditg, J.A., Anand, S.C. Breeding high yielding Heterodera resistant soybeans Group III - V. Field Day Report 2003. University of Missouri, Delta Center, Portageville. p. 12. Shannon, J.G., Arelli, P.R., Sleper, D.A. 2004. An update on Genetic mapping for resistance to soybean cyst nematode.VII
World Soybean Research Conference, Brazil. p. 210. Lu, P., Shannon, J.G., Sleper, D.A., Nguyen, H.T., Arelli, P.R. 2003. QTLs for resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean PI 467312. Agronomy abstracts, p. 307. (Annual Meetings). Donald, P.A. 2004. Overview of soybean cyst nematode and its relationship to Phytophthora. Certified Crop Advisory Training. St. Joseph, MO. Donald, P.A., Hartman, Kerrick. 2004. Soybean cyst nematode management and resistance. Milan No-Till Field Day.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Concbido, V., Diers, B., Arelli, P.R. 2004. A decade of QTL mapping for cyst nematode resistance in soybean. Crop Science. 44:1121-1131.
- Donald, P.A., Wrather, J.A., Shannon, G. 2003. Targeting soil sample collection of Meloidogyne incognita in southern Missouri soybean fields for management of yield losses. Journal of Nematology. 35(3):334.
- Glover, K.D., Wang, D., Arelli, P.R., Carlson, S.R., Cianzio, S.R., Diers, B.W. 2004. Near isogenic lines confirm a soybean cyst nematode resistance gene from PI 88788 on linkage group J. Crop Science. 44:936-941.
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it? Economic loss caused by the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, can be reduced by planting resistant soybean cultivars. Resistant cultivars are environmentally friendly. Because races (populations) of the nematode shift following planting of soybeans with particular genes for resistance, these race changes must be monitored and anticipated. Also, new genes for resistance must be identified and transferred into elite cultivars. Soybean fields are being surveyed to identify the races currently prevalent in farmers' fields. Soybean cultivars are being developed that are resistant to the prevalent races of the nematode. A combination of traditional breeding and molecular marker technologies will be applied for improved efficiency. Marker assisted selection will be adopted for gene pyramiding in soybean for durable resistance. Also, nematode populations have been selected that
parasitize the newest resistant cultivars. These populations will be used to identify soybean lines in the United States soybean germplasm collection that are resistant to the selected nematode populations. The newly identified resistant germplasm will be crossed with productive public varieties so a new generation of resistant cultivars will be available in about 10 years when they are needed to combat new races of the nematode. 2. How serious is the problem? Why does it matter? The soybean cyst nematode has been found in most of the states where soybean is produced. The estimated value of soybean lost to the nematode in 2002 was $783.8 million. Because the nematode adapts to planting of resistant cultivars, a continuous search for new resistance genes is necessary to reduce the yield losses caused by the nematode. 3. How does it relate to the National Program(s) and National Program Component(s) to which it has been assigned? This research relates to the Host Plant Resistance
component of National Program 303, Plant Diseases. It supports the National Program through development of soybean germplasm with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode. 4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? A. The soybean cyst nematode is a serious pest of soybean across the Southern USA, and public breeders have resistance to SCN as a major breeding objective. The entries in the USDA Uniform Tests: Southern and Northern States plus Northern Regional Soybean Cyst Nematode are evaluated for both resistance to soybean cyst nematode and yield at Jackson, Tennessee. Breeding lines are being identified that had resistance to one or more of the most prevalent race populations (2, 3 and/or 14) of the SCN. These efforts will result in publicly-developed resistant varieties being released to growers. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. This is an "interim/bridging" project between the
past project, 6402- 21220-004-00D, Use of Host Plant Resistance to Manage the Soybean Cyst Nematode, and a new project to be developed soon. Two new scientists were hired for the project after a funding increase in FY 2001. Accomplishments of the past project included: Release of three soybean germplasm lines and three cultivars with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode; soybean yield of a resistant cultivar was 16% to 32% greater than yield of a susceptible cultivar in fields infested with the nematode; and rotation of resistant soybean cultivars with crops that are not hosts of the nematode slowed the change in the nematode population from one race to another, which lengthens the time resistance genes are effective against the pest. 6. What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years? FY 2004 - Molecular markers will be identified to assist in development of soybean germplasms and cultivars with newly identified sources of SCN resistance FY 2005 - New
breeding populations of soybean will be generated and molecular markers tagged to resistance genes will continue to be identified for development of soybean germplasms and cultivars with improved resistance. FY 2006 - Markers tagged to resistance genes in soybean breeding populations will be confirmed in greenhouse bioassays.. 7. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? Monsanto Corporation, SCN resistance QTLs from PIs 89772 and 438489B are being verified and incorporated into elite lines to be made available to growers with the help of marker technology. 8. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: This does not replace your peer-reviewed
publications listed below). Arelli, P.R., Diers, B.W. Progress in mapping for SCN resistance in soybean. Proceedings for the 9th Biennial Conference of the Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Soybean. 2002. Abstract p. 204. Donald, P.A., Sudduth, K. A., Kitchen, N. R. Heterodera glycines distribution within a field in no-till production over time. Proceedings of the Fourth International Nematology Congress. Tenerife, Spain. June 2002. p. 264. Guo, B., Sleper, D.A., Shannon, J.G., Arelli, P.R. Molecular mapping of resistance to soybean cyst nematode Races 2, 3 and 5 in Soybean line PI 90763. Agronomy Abstracts. 2002. p. 167. Hoffmann, N., Arelli, P.R., Matthews, B.F., Quigley, C.V., Cregan, P. Molecular Beacons to select for SCN resistance at rhg1 and Rhg4 . Proceedings for the 9th Biennial Conference of the Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Soybean. 2002. Abstract p. 211. Shannon, G., Sleper, D.A., Arelli, P., Nyuyen, H., Wrather, A. Developing productive soybeans
with improved resistance to nematodes. Field Day Report. 2002. University of Missouri - Delta Center, Portageville.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Anand, S., Shannon, J., Wrather, J., Arelli, P., Sleper, D., Young, L. Registration of S96-2692 soybean germplasm line resistant to three soybean cyst nematodes. Crop Science. 2002. v. 42(5). p. 1753-1754.
- Niblack, T.L., Wrather J.A., Heinz, R.D., Donald, P.A. Distribution and virulence phenotypes of Heterodera glycines in Missouri. Plant Disease. 2002. v. 87. p. 929-932.
- Niblack, T.L., Arelli, P.R., Noel, G.R., Opperman, C.H., Orf, J.H. 2002. A revised classification scheme for genetically diverse populations of heterodera glycines. Journal of Nematology. 34(4):279-288.
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it? Economic loss caused by the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, can be reduced by planting resistant soybean cultivars. Resistant cultivars are environmentally friendly. Because races of the nematode change following planting of soybeans with particular genes for resistance, these race changes must be monitored and anticipated. Also, new genes for resistance must be identified and transferred into productive cultivars. Soybean fields are being surveyed to identify the races currently prevalent in farmers' fields. Soybean cultivars are being developed that are resistant to the prevalent races of the nematode. Also, nematode populations have been selected that parasitize the newest resistant cultivars. These populations will be used to identify soybean lines in the United States soybean germplasm collection that are resistant to the selected nematode population. The newly
identified resistant germplasm will be crossed with productive public varieties so a new generation of resistant cultivars will be available in about 10 years when they are needed to combat new races of the nematode. 2. How serious is the problem? Why does it matter? The soybean cyst nematode has been found in most of the states where soybean is produced. The estimated value of soybean lost to the nematode in 1994 was $438.8 million. Because the nematode adapts to planting of resistant cultivars, a continuous search for new resistance genes is necessary to reduce the yield reduction caused by the nematode. 3. How does it relate to the national Program(s) and National Program Component(s) to which it has been assigned? This research relates to the Host Plant Resistance component of National Program 303, Plant Diseases. It supports the National Program through development of soybean germplasm with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode. 4. What was your most significant
accomplishment this past year? A. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a serious pest of soybean across the Southern USA, and public breeders have resistance to SCN as a major breeding objective. The entries in the USDA Uniform Tests: Southern and Northern States plus Northern Regional Soybean Cyst Nematode are evaluated for both resistance to soybean cyst nematode and yield at Jackson, Tennessee. Breeding lines are being identified that had resistance to one or more of the most prevalent race populations (2, 3 and/or 14) of the SCN. This information will result in publicly- developed resistant varieties being released to growers. 5. Describe your major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact? This is an "interim/bridging" project between the past project, 6402- 21220-004-00D, Use of Host Plant Resistance to Manage the Soybean Cyst Nematode, and a new project to be developed soon. Two new scientists were hired for the project after a
funding increase in FY 2001. Accomplishments of the past project included: Release of three soybean germplasm lines and three cultivars with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode; soybean yield of a resistant cultivar was 16% to 32% greater than yield of a susceptible cultivar in fields infested with the nematode; and rotation of resistant soybean cultivars with crops that are not hosts of the nematode slowed the change in the nematode population from one race to another, which lengthens the time resistance genes are effective against the pest. 6. What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years? FY 2004 - Molecular markers will be identified to assist in development of cultivars and germplasms with new sources of resistance to the soybean cyst nematode. FY 2005 - A germplasm line with unique resistance genes to the soybean cyst nematode will be released. 7. What technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the technology likely to become available
to the end user (industry, farmer other scientist)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption durability of the technology? Monsanto Corporation, SCN resistance QTLs from PI 89772 are being verified and incorporated into elite lines to be made available to growers with the help of marker technology. Donald, P., Wrather, A. Milan No-Till Field Day. University of Tennessee at Milan Farm, Milan, Tennessee. July 25, 2002. Effect of management strategies on soybean cyst and root-knot nematode population densities. 2001 Field Day booth. Extension Plant Nematology. Universisty of Missouri-Delta Center, Portageville. 8. List your most important publications and presentations, and articles written about your work (NOTE: this does not replace your review publications which are listed below) Arelli, P., Diers, B. Wild Soybean Relatives Examined as New Source of Resistance to SCN. National Soybean Research Laboratory. 2002. v.9(1). Shannon, G., Sleper, D., Arelli, P., Wrather, J.A.
Developing soybeans with Improved Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode. Field Day Report. 2001. University of Missouri-Delta Center, Portageville. Donald, P. A Persistent Pest: Five-year study shows SCN is likely to be a problem for many years. Progressive Farmer. January 2002. p.26-27.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Donald, P.A., Sudduth, K.A., Kitchen, N.R. Mapping soybean cyst nematode field distribution. Journal of Nematology. 2001. v. 33(4). Abstract p. 255.
- Atibalentja, N., Noel, G.R., Donald, P.A., Melakeberhan, H., Anderson, T.R. , Chen, S., Faghihi, J., Ferris, J.M., Grau, C.R., Hershman, D.E., MacGuidwin, A.E., Niblack, T.L., Riggs, R.D., Stienstra, W.C., Tylka, G., Welacky, T. Soybean yield and Heterodera glycines population dynamics in the Midwestern U.S. and Ontario, Canada. Journal of Nematology. 2001. v. 33(4). Abstract p. 249.
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Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/01
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it?
Economic loss caused by the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, can be reduced by planting resistant soybean cultivars. Resistant cultivars are environmentally friendly. Because races of the nematode change following planting of soybeans with particular genes for resistance, these race changes must be monitored and anticipated. Also, new genes for resistance must be identified and transferred into productive cultivars. Soybean fields are being surveyed to identify the races currently prevalent in farmers' fields. Soybean cultivars are being developed that are resistant to the prevalent races of the nematode. Also, nematode populations have been selected that parasitize the newest resistant cultivars. These populations will be used to identify soybean lines in the United States soybean germplasm collection that are resistant to the selected nematode populations. The newly identified resistant germplasm will be crossed with productive public varieties so a new generation
of resistant cultivars will be available in about 10 years when they are needed to combat new races of the nematode.
2. How serious is the problem? Why does it matter?
The soybean cyst nematode has been found in most of the states where soybean is produced. The estimated value of soybean lost to the nematode in 1994 was $438.8 million. Because the nematode adapts to planting of resistant cultivars, a continuous search for new resistance genes is necessary to reduce the yield reduction caused by the nematode.
3. How does it relate to the National Program(s) and National Component(s)?
This research relates to the Host Plant Resistance component of National Program 303, Plant Diseases.
4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year?
A. The soybean cyst nematode is a serious pest of soybean across the southern USA, and public breeders have resistance to this pest as a major breeding objective. The entries in the USDA Uniform Tests: Southern States were evaluated for resistance to the soybean cyst nematode at Jackson, Tennessee. Breeding lines were identified that had resistance to one or more of the prevalent races ( 2, 3 and/or 14) of the nematode. This information will result in publicly-developed resistant varieties being released to growers. B. None. C. None
5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project including their predicted or actual impact.
In FY 2001, new appropriations were added to Jackson, Tn for soybean cyst nematode research. This project is an "interim/bridging" project between the past project, 6402-21220-004-00D, Use of Host Plant Resistance to Manage the Soybean Cyst Nematode, and a new project that will be written when the new scientists are hired. This project has been without a scientist since February 2000. One of two scientists is expected to report on 8-27-01. Accomplishments of the past project included the following: Three soybean germplasm lines and three cultivars with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode have been released. The germplasm lines will serve as parents in crosses to develop more productive soybean cultivars by plant breeders. Soybean yield of a resistant variety was 16% to 32% greater than yield of a susceptible cultivar without visible symptoms in fields infested with the soybean cyst nematode. This result demonstrates that the nematode causes significant yield reduction
without causing symptoms that can be seen. Fields must be sampled for the nematode to detect damaging levels of the nematode. Yields could be increased 5 to 10 bushels per acre in infested fields by adopting this practice. Rotating resistant soybean with crops that are not hosts of the nematode and susceptible soybean can slow changes in the nematode toward development of a new race. Greater yield was obtained with the rotations compared to planting the resistant variety each year. Using these rotations lengthens the time resistance genes in soybean are effective against the nematode and allows more time for identification of new resistance genes needed in future years.
6. What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years?
FY 2003- Molecular markers will be identified to assist in development of cultivars with new sources of resistance to the soybean cyst nematode.
7. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints if known, to the adoption & durability of the technology product?
None.
8. List your most important publications in the popular press (no abstracts) and presentations to non-scientific organizations and articles written about your work (NOTE: this does not replace your peer-reviewed publications which are listed below)
None.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Allen, F.L., Young, L.D., Johnson, R.D., Landau-Ellis, D., Pantalone, V.R. Registration of 'TN4-94' soybean. Crop Science. 2000. v. 40. p. 1829-1830.
- Young, L.D. Registration of 'Fowler' soybean. Crop Science. 2001. v. 41. p. 257.
- Kenty, M.M., Young, L.D., Kilen, T.C. Registration of DMK93-9048 soybean germplasm with resistance to foliar feeding insects and stem canker, and possessing high protein. Crop Science. 2001. v. 41 p. 603.
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