ENTERIC DISEASES OF FOOD ANIMALS: ENHANCED PREVENTION, CONTROL AND FOOD SAFETY

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: TERMINATED
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 0233886
• Project No.: ND02421
• Multistate No.: NC-_old1202
• Project Start Date: Oct 1, 2012
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2013

Project Director
Khaitsa, MA, L.

Recipient Organization
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
(N/A)
FARGO,ND 58105

Performing Department
Microbiological Sciences

Non Technical Summary
THE NEED FOR THE PROJECT. The long-term goal of this project is to prevent and control enteric diseases of cattle, in order to decrease food and waterborne illness in the USA. Foodborne illness has been a prominent public health concern for over two decades yet the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) still list many enteric foodborne pathogens as leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the USA. The information generated from this project will be valuable to the cattle industry, the State Board of Animal Health, Department of Health & Human Services and USDA in future plans in the development of public health policy regarding control of Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC)and Salmonella. IMPORTANCE and CONSEQUENCES. Besides human health risks, animal diarrheal disease due to food-safety related pathogens and other animal-specific pathogens remain an economically important cause of production loss to livestock producers. The cost of just E. coli O157:H7 to the beef industry from 1993-2003 was estimated at $2.671 billion. While the incidence of disease caused by some of these agents approaches 2010 targets, others are still on the increase particularly diseases caused by STEC. IMPACTS, INNOVATION, OUTCOMES. Expected outcomes include increased detection of STEC and Salmonella from beef cattle manure and feedlot run off which will lead to better intervention and control of known enteric infections and emerging enteric pathogens from livestock waste. This will provide science-based best practices and implementation strategies for preventive measures and interventions for the major enteric diseases of food animals. This research will enhance food safety while maintaining efficient beef production.

Animal Health Component

100%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

100%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
311	3310	1100	50%
712	3320	1170	50%

Knowledge Area
311 - Animal Diseases; 712 - Protect Food from Contamination by Pathogenic Microorganisms, Parasites, and Naturally Occurring Toxins;

Subject Of Investigation
3320 - Meat, beef cattle; 3310 - Beef cattle, live animal;

Field Of Science
1100 - Bacteriology; 1170 - Epidemiology;

Keywords

enteric diseases

food animals

food safety

public health

Goals / Objectives
Focus on emerging diseases: We will identify, characterize and develop improved detection and prevention methods related to newly recognized, novel or emerging causes of zoonotic enteric disease and enteric pathogens of food animals. Focus on preventions and interventions: We will develop and improve preventative measures and interventions to reduce the incidence and prevalence of infections of food animals with enteric and foodborne and waterborne pathogens. Focus on disseminating knowledge: We will provide training or continuing education to disseminate new information to students, producers, veterinarians, diagnostic labs and others to implement interventions and preventative measures.

Project Methods
Objective (1): For detecting Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), the performance (efficiency, sensitivity and specificity) of two different laboratory methods will be compared using STEC-inoculated fecal samples. The detection limits of two routine laboratory methods will be determined using STEC inoculated feces. For Salmonella, a similar approach will be used. The performance (sensitivity and specificity) and detection limits of two different laboratory methods will be compared using Salmonella-inoculated fecal samples. Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli (026, 045, 091, 0103, EAEC 0104, 0111, 0113, 0118 0121, 0145) and Salmonella enterica will be used in the project. Objective (2): To develop mehtods for prevention and intervention for Salmonella and Escherichia coli in run-off from feedlot samples, the determination of the risk of these organisms in run-off water will be determined by culturing for Salmonella, E. coli O157.H7, non E. coli O157.H7 following standard protocols in the literature. For Isolation of Salmonella, we will use standard culture methods optimized for the detection of Salmonella (Khaitsa et al., 2007). For the determination of the presence and concentration of E. coli O157.H7 from each sample, 10 ml slurry sample will be placed in 90 ml Gram-negative (GN) enrichment broth containing Cefixime-Tellurite (0.05 μg per ml) and Potassium Tellurite (2.5 μg per ml) and incubated for 18-24 h at 37C. One ml of this culture will be subjected to O157 immunomagnetic separation as described by the manufacturer (Dynal Biotech ASA). Twenty μl of the bead-bacteria washed mixture will be plated on sorbitol-MacConkey agar plates containing cefixime and potassium tellurite and incubated overnight at 37C. For the isolation of non E. coli O157.H7 (E. coli O26, O103, O111, O145), 1 ml of the run-off and buffered peptone water enrichment culture used for Salmonella isolation will be subjected to the appropriate immunomagnetic separation as described by Khaitsa et al., (2007). Objective (3) Focus on disseminating knowledge: We will disseminate knowledge gained by offering the course International Animal Production Disease Surveillance and Public Health. References. Khaitsa, ML, R. Kegode, M. L. Bauer, P. S. Gibbs, G. P. Lardy and D. Doetkott. 2007. A longitudinal study of Salmonella shedding and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in North Dakota feedlot cattle. J. Food Prot. 70(2)476-481.

Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Graduate Students Students interested in Study abroad Agricultural Scientists and producers of food animalsin US and abroad Food industry Changes/Problems: PI relocated from North Dakota State University to Mississippi State University. Another PI (Station representative) from North Dakota State University will be joining the NC-1202 multistate group What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The summer study abroad course provided an opportunity for international training and exposure of students from several US institutions through the course “International Animal Production, Disease Surveillance and Public Health”. We obtained funding from USDA-NIFA ($5000) through a conference grant whichfacilitated meetings of NC-1202 members with Dr. John David Kabasa, Principal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Biosecurity (COVAB) at Makerere University in Uganda. Potential collaborations for Dr. Kabasa and NC-1202 members were discussed. Graduate student (MS-Food Safety) was able to train and obtain an MS degree. The student also presented at scientific meetings which provided communication skills. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results were presented at several scientific meetings includingthe 94th Annual Meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL, Dec.8- 10, 2013. Also, data were published in scientific journals including Journal Clinical Microbiology (published) and journal of Food Protection (in review). Additionally,a thesis was submitted to North Dakota State University in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science, Food Safety, December, 2013. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The summer study abroad course provided an opportunity for international training and exposure of students from several US institutions through the course “International Animal Production, Disease Surveillance and Public Health”. The papers published by North American Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture (NACTA) journal increased awareness of the international programs offered at NDSU particularly the special issue with the theme: Globalization: Implications for teaching and learning in post-secondary agricultural education. An international perspective was added to our discussions at the 2013 annual NC-1202 meeting in Chicago due to Dr. Kabasa’s attendance facilitated by the conference grant. Potential collaborations are expected from the meeting. The conference in summer 2012 in Uganda provided a forum for scientists and students from North America and East Africa to share their experiences and expertise in infectious disease management. In February 2012, USDA-FSIS declared 6 Shiga Toxin producing E. coli (STEC) serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 as adulterants in beef trimmings (77Federal Register 34; Feb 12, 2012).The research conducted on STEC led to a new collaboration with a scientist at USDA-ARS who developed monoclonal antibodies for laboratory diagnostic methods for non-O157:H7. This collaborative research is continuing at NDSU with another scientist to develop STEC and Salmonella detection methods in cattle feces, meat and produce.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: 1. Mahero. M, Byarugaba, DK, Dawn K. Doetkott, Olet S and Margaret L. Khaitsa. 2013. Antimicrobial Resistance and Presence of Class 1 Integrons in Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Clinical Cases of Animals and Humans in North Dakota, USA and Kampala, Uganda. Journal Clinical Microbiology 2 (6) ISSN: 2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal. 2. Nessie L. Tabe, S. Rahman, D. Doetkott, S. Olet, E. Tabe and ML Khaitsa, 2013. Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Feedlot runoff. In: Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL, Dec.8- 10, 2013. Ecology and Management of Foodborne Agents Section: Poster No. 19. 3. Nessie Nanyongo Tabe, 2013. The occurrence of shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella species in cattle feedlot runoff. A thesis submitted to North Dakota State University in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science, Food Safety, December, 2013. 4. Kabasa J.D, J. B. Kaneene, F. Wakoko-Studstill, A. Ekiri, M. L. Khaitsa, 2013. International approaches in management of transboundary infectious diseases and zoonoses: Implications for United States agriculture. In: NC-1202 annual meeting, Chicago, IL, Dec.7-8, 2013. 5. Kabasa J.D, J. B. Kaneene, F. Wakoko-Studstill, A. Ekiri, M. L. Khaitsa, 2013. International approaches in management of transboundary infectious diseases and zoonoses: Implications for United States agriculture. In: Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL, Dec.8- 10, 2013. Biosafety and Biosecurity Section. 6. Ekiri A., Kabasa J.D, Aceng L.F., Ejobi F. and Khaitsa, M.L, 2013. An International Experiential Learning Program: A Study Abroad Experience in Uganda. North American Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture (NACTA) Journal, vol. 57, No.3a, pp 104-110. Special September issue, ISSN: 0149-4910. Theme: Globalization: Implications for teaching and learning in post-secondary agricultural education).