Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:The project director left the institution, prior to the transition to the new AES director. Unfortunately, no information was provided at the time this occurred.Because the PD is no longer at the institution, there islittle information available to complete this report. The NHAES director's office is currently "cleaning up" the REEport system for the Station by closing outstanding reports such as this. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The project director left the institution, prior to the transition to the new AES director. Unfortunately, no information was provided at the time this occurred.Because the PD is no longer at the institution, there islittle information available to complete this report.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience included the scientific community, K-12 students, undergraduate and graduate student who worked on the project, and wheat, canola, soybean, strawberry and forage crop growers. Changes/Problems:The Project Director left the NHAES for a new job at Colorado State in the summer of 2015. Because of coding issues in REEport, it has not yet been possible to terminate his participation in this multistate project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project has provided training of two graduate students in soil microbiology and plant pathology. In addition, the graduate student was able to have the experience of mentoring an undergraduate student on this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this work have been communicated to the scientific community through presentations at scientific meetings and publication in peer review journals. Results have also been relayed to growers during The New Hampshire Farm and Forest Expo and the annual New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station field day held at Woodman farm on the campus of the University of New Hampshire. Finally, several aspects of this research have been used as example in undergraduate/graduate courses in Mycology and Plant-Microbe Interactions. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The goals of this research are to characterize the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with crop plants in the Northeast, and understand how crop-associated microbiomes differ as as result of different agricultural practicies. Outcomes of this research will result in improved crop selection for pathogen resistance, and improving crop management to limit pathogen problems. We were able to complete a survey of the genetic diversity of Rhizoctonia associated with wheat, canola, soybean, and dry bean. In addition, graduate student Garrett Gleeson completed a screen of both the commercial strawberry and one of its wild ancestors, Fragaria vesca, for resistance to V. dahliae. One of the major obstacles in screening for resistance to soilborne root and wilt pathogens is that visual assessment does not provide an accurate assessment of fungal colonization or host resistance. We are therefore using the GFP strain of V. dahliae to measure colonization of susceptible, tolerant (visually healthy but ingress of fungal hyphae present), and resistant (visually healthy no ingress of fungal hyphae). This process was initiated in the past year and protocols for inoculum production, inoculation, and visualization by confocal microscopy have all been standardized and we have begun screening strawberry cultivars with known levels of resistance and susceptibility. Finally, we sequenced the genome of three strains of V. dahliae (2 that infects strawberry and 1 that infects mint). Sequencing was completed at the University of New Hampshire on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. The first assemblies have been completed and we have just started the first comparative analyses. Preliminary results indicate that the to strawberry strains belong to genetically distinct lineages. In fact, one of the strawberry strains is more closely related to a strain recovered from lettuce than to the other strawberry strain. This may indicate that virulence to strawberry is present in several lineages of V. dahliae. We have also continued our analyses of the fungal and bacteria communities associated with the forage crop perennial ryegrass. The focus of this project has been to evaluate the effect of cultivar mixtures to extend the grazing season. Soil has been collected from 4 sites in Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvannia, and Vermont in 3 consecutive years. we saw a significant increase in fungal biomass at all locations one year after the plot were established. However, we saw a decrease in fungal biomass at the end of year 2. This was likely due to the fact that there was a significant winter-kill of the perennial ryegrass, that left many of the plot with 70-90% clover. We believe this dramatic shift the plant community had an important effect on the soil microbial community. Finally, we initiated a project focused on the dry bean microbiome. The major focus of this project is to characterize the fungi and bacterial living in the leaves, roots, and soil adjacent to the root of wild and domesticated beans planted in the center of domestication in central Mexico as well as in New Hampshire. Microbes were recovered from wild and domesticated beans in the center of domestication and we have started to screen these microbes for their ability to buffer commercial bean cultivars from drought and nutrient stress.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Broders, K. D., Barbison, L., Boraks, A., Brown, J., and Boland, G. J. 2015. The invasion history of the butternut canker fungus Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum: A review of the current status on butternut and butternut canker research. Forest Pathology. 45: 1-8.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Broders, K. D., Barbison, L., Boraks, A., Brown, J., and Boland, G. J. Laflamme, G., Broders, K. D., Munck, I., Cote, C., Broders-Iriarte G. A., and Innes, L. 2015. Taxonomic status of Lophophacidium dooksii and Canavirgella banfieldii, causal agent of a white pine needle disease. Mycologia 107:745-753
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Target audience included the scientific community, K-12 students, undergraduate and graduate student who worked on the project, and wheat, canola, soybean, strawberry and forage crop growers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project has provided training of two graduate students in soil microbiology and plant pathology. In addition, the graduate student was able to have the experience of mentoring an undergraduate student on this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The results of this work have been communicated to the scientific community through presentations at scientific meetings and publications in peer journals. Results have also been relayed to growers and other stakeholders at the following events: NH Agricultural Experiment Station (NHAES) Education Session at the NH Farm and Forest Expo, Feb. 5th February 2014, Manchester NH (~20 attendees). This presentation was videotaped and made available to a wider audience on YouTube (50 views, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNqCn6fNndM). Durham Farm Day at NHAES Woodman Farm, August 16th. NHAES and UNH Cooperative Extensions (UNHCE) Twilight Tour at Kingman Farm, Sept. 23rd, 2014. (~40 attendees) Several informal workshops were held at Kingman and Woodman farm on flying unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor orchard and crop health. Finally several aspects of this research have been used in undergraduate/graduate course in Mycology and Plant-Microbe interactions. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Three separate studies are currently ongoing in the lab. The genetic diversity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with wheat and canola has recently published in the journal Plant Disease. A second manuscript will be completed that focuses on the genetic diversity of R. solani associated with soybean and drybean in the next year of this project. For the V. dahliae project an additional we will finish screening both commercial cultivars of strawberry with known level of resistance as well as the wild relative F. vesca and this will be written up and submitted for publication. The comparative genomic analysis of the three strains of V. dahliae sequenced in this project will be compared to the reference genome of a strain recovered from lettuce as well as 9 other strains of V. dahliae from various crops. Bioinformatic analyses will focus on identifying potential host specificity genes as well as effector genes that allow the pathogen to invade plants undetected. Another phenotyping method will be investigated in addition to the GFP strain of V. dahlie. A multispectral and thermal camera will both be used to detect plant stress to quantitative assess the reaction of resistant, tolerant and susceptible strawberry plant after infection by V. dahliae. The microbial communities associated with the roots of perennial ryegrass will be assessed using both quantitative PCR to determine fungal and bacterial biomass as well as metagenomics to determine the diversity of fungal and bacterial communities associated with cultivars of perennial ryegrass when grown individual or in mixtures. We hypothesize that there will be differences in the microbial communities associated with each cultivar when growing independently, but by growing them in mixture of multiple cultivars we expect an increase the diversity and abundance of the beneficial microbes associated with the plant stand. Finally, we will complete the metagenomic analysis of the bean microbiome and finish screening potential beneficial microbes for their positive effect in allowing bean plants to buffer abiotic stress.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We were able to complete a survey of the genetic diversity of fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia associated with wheat, canola, soybean, and dry bean. In addition, second year graduate student Garrett Gleeson has continued to screen both the commercial strawberry and one of its wild ancestors, Fragaria vesca, for resistance to the fungal pathogen Verticilium dahliae. One of the major obstacles in screening for resistance to soilborne root and wilt pathogens is that visual assessment does not provide an accurate assessment of fungal colonization or host resistance. We are therefore using the green fluorscent protein (GFP) labled strain of V. dahliae to measure colonization of susceptible, tolerant (visually healthy but ingress of fungal hyphae present), and resistant (visually healthy no ingress of fungal hyphae). This process was initiated in the past year and protocols for inoculum production, inoculation, and visualization by confocal microscopy have all been standardized and we have begun screening strawberry cultivars with known levels of resistance and susceptibility. Finally, we initiated the sequencing of three strains of V. dahliae (2 that infects strawberry and 1 that infects mint). Sequencing was completed at the University of New Hampshire on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. The first assemblies have been completed and we have just started the first comparative analyses. Preliminary results indicate that the to strawberry strains of of V. dahliae belong to genetically distinct lineages. In fact, one of the strawberry strains is more closely related to a strain recovered from lettuce than to the other strawberry strain. This may indicate that virulence to strawberry is present in several lineages of V. dahliae. We have also continued our analyses of the fungal and bacteria communities associated with the forage crop perennial ryegrass. The focus of this project has been to evaluate the effect of cultivar mixtures to extend the grazing season. Soil has been collected from 4 sites in Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvannia, and Vermont in 3 consecutive years. we saw a significant increase in fungal biomass at all locations one year after the plot were established. However, we saw a decrease in fungal biomass at the end of year 2. This was likely due to the fact that there was a significant winter-kill of the perennial ryegrass, that left many of the plot with 70-90% clover. We believe this dramatic shift the plant community had an important effect on the soil microbial community. Finally, we initiated a project focused on the dry bean microbiome. The major focus of this project is to characterize the fungi and bacterial living in the leaves, roots, and soil adjacent to the root of wild and domesticated beans planted in the center of domestication in central Mexico as well as in New Hampshire. Microbes recovered from wild and domesticated beans in the center of domestication will be screened for their ability to buffer commercial bean cultivars from drought and nutrient stress.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Broders, K.D., Parker, M., and Boland G. J. 2014. Diversity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with canola and wheat in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Plant Disease. 98:1695-1701
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Hale, I., Broders, K. D., and Broders-Iriarte, G. A. 2014. A Vavilovian approach to discovering crop-associated microbes with the potential to enhance plant immunity. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5:492.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Gleeson, G., Wallhead, M., Broders, K. D. 2014. Distinguishing resistant from tolerant host-pathogen interactions between Fragaria vesca and Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology 104: S3.46. Poster presented at the American Phytopathological Society annual meeting. Minneapolis, MN
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Wallhead, M., Broders, K.D. 2014. Comparison of vegetation indices produced by two spectrometers: A hyperspectral assessment of Malus domestica leaves. Phytopathology 104: S3.124. Poster presented at the American Phytopathological Society annual meeting. Minneapolis, MN
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
www.broderslab.com
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Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Target audience included the scientific community, K-12 students, undergraduate and graduate student who worked on the project, and wheat, canola, soybean, strawberry and forage crop growers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project has provided training and professional development for two graduate students in soil microbiology and plant pathology. In addition, the graduate students were able to have the experience of mentoring undergraduate students on this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The results of this work have been communicated to the scientific community through presentations at scientific meetings and publication in peer review journals. Results have also be relayed to growers during the annual New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station field day held at Woodman farm on the campus of the University of New Hampshire. Finally, several aspects of this research have been used as example in undergraduate/graduate courses in Mycology and Plant-Microbe Interactions. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Three separate studies are currently ongoing in the lab. The genetic diversity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with wheat and canola has been submitted for publication. A second manuscript will be completed that focuses on the genetic diversity of R. solani associated with soybean and drybean in the next year of this project. For the V. dahliae project an additional 6 cover crops species will be screened for their ability to suppress V. dahliae and prevent asymptomatic colonization of plant roots. In addition, we will begin screening both commercial cultivars of strawberry with known levels of resistance as well as the wild relative F. vesca. A number of potential genes associated with tolerance in strawberry have been identified and gene expression experiments will be initiate in the coming year. Comparative genomic analysis of the two strains of V. dahliae sequenced in this project will be compared to the reference genome of a strain recovered from lettuce. Bioinformatic analyses will focus on identifying potential host specificity genes as well as effector genes that allow the pathogen to invade plants undetected. Another phenotyping method will be investigated in addition to the GFP strain of V. dahlie. A multispectral and thermal camera will both be used to detect plant stress to quantitative assess the reaction of resistant, tolerant and susceptible strawberry plant after infection by V. dahliae. Finally, the microbial communities associated with the roots of perennial ryegrass will be assessed using both quantitative PCR to determine fungal and bacterial biomass as well as metagenomics to determine the diversity of fungal and bacterial communities associated with cultivars of perennial ryegrass when grown individually or in mixtures. We hypothesize that there will be differences in the microbial communities associated with each cultivar when growing independently, but by growing them in mixture of multiple cultivars we expect an increase the diversity and abundance of the beneficial microbes associated with the plant stand.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We were able to complete a survey of the genetic diversity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with wheat, canola, soybean, and dry bean; this has been submitted for publication. In addition, second year graduate student Garrett Gleeson has continued to screen a number of cover crops species to determine whether they harbor asymptomatic infections by the soilborne pathogen Verticillium dahliae. To date we have found that many cover crop species including buckwheat, crimson clover, and winter rye are capable of harboring the fungus, but display no visual symptoms of infection. Only through the use of a strain of V. dahliae that expresses the green fluorescent protein (GFP), were we able to see the extensive colonization. We have also begun to screen both the commercial strawberry and one of its wild ancestors, Fragaria vesca, for resistance to V. dahliae. One of the major obstacles in screening for resistance to soilborne root and wilt pathogens is that visual assessment does not provide an accurate assessment of fungal colonization or host resistance. We are therefore using the GFP strain of V. dahliae to measure colonization of susceptible, tolerant (visually healthy but ingress of fungal hyphae present), and resistant (visually healthy no ingress of fungal hyphae). This process was initiated in the past year and protocols for inoculum production, inoculation, and visualization by confocal microscopy have all been standardized and we have begun screening strawberry cultivars with known levels of resistance and susceptibility. Finally, we initiated the sequencing of two strains of V. dahliae (1 that infects strawberry and 1 that infects mint). Sequencing was completed at the University of New Hampshire on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. The first assemblies have been completed and we have just started the first comparative analyses. Finally, we completed our first year of analyses of the fungal and bacteria communities associated with the forage crop perennial ryegrass. The focus of this project has been to evaluate the effect of cultivar mixtures to extend the grazing season. PhD student Franz Lichtner is evaluating the ability of these cultivar mixtures to recruit fungal symbionts while excluding pathogens. Soil has been collected from 4 sites in Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvannia, and Vermont. Extraction of DNA was successfully completed and he is now in the process of quantifying the fungal and bacterial biomass in each sample.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Parker, M., Melzer, M., Boalnd, G., Broders, K. 2013. Diversity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with canola, wheat, and pea in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Phytophathology 103:S111
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
www.broderslab.com
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