Source: UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND submitted to
GRADUATE TRAINING IN COMPARATIVE GENOMICS OF PATHOGENIC OOMYCETES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0231999
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2012
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2015
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Project Director
Lane, CH, E.
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND
19 WOODWARD HALL 9 EAST ALUMNI AVENUE
KINGSTON,RI 02881
Performing Department
Biological Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Oomycete infections of crop plants and ornamentals cause blights, wilts, cankers, rusts, lesions and/or (root) rots whereas infestations in shellfish and finfish facilities can result in the loss of over 50% of high value brood stocks. As a lineage, oomycetes are a significant threat to U.S. National food security and cost agriculture and aquaculture industries billions in losses on an annual basis. This project will fund a graduate student to perform a comparative genomic analysis of related free living and pathogenic oomycetes to identify genomic changes related to becoming pathogenic. Understanding the evolution of pathogenicity factors is an important step in developing treatment strategies for oomycete infections.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2121499108020%
2121499110320%
2121499111020%
2121599108010%
2123712108010%
7121499108010%
7123712108010%
Keywords
Goals / Objectives
Objective 1: Train a motivated graduate student in the field of evolutionary genomics. The Lane lab currently houses a large resource of genome data that requires analysis, substantial expertise and ample computational resources. The lab is an excellent environment for a graduate student interested in using comparative genomics to answer evolutionary questions. In addition to available resources, PI Lane is a strong advocate for student mentoring. Objective 2: Test the hypothesis that gene duplication is a critical feature of parasite evolution. Whereas overall genome reduction is the trend among parasites, novel genes are also required to carry out the specialized functions of a parasitic existence. We will utilize an "evolutionary gene networks" technique that allows for graphical visualization of gene family relationships to identify expanded gene families in the obligate and facultative parasites, relative to each other and free-living oomycetes. These data will implicate specific gene families as important factors in the evolution of a pathogenic lifestyle.
Project Methods
This proposal will fund a graduate student to learn and perform cutting edge comparative genomic analyses. Using data already in hand, the student will analyze the genomes of two oomycetes, the free living Thraustotheca clavata and the facultative parasite Achlya hypogyna, using a combination of established and novel methods. Specifically, Evolutionary Gene Networks (EGNs) will be employed to form a genome-scale comparative framework to identify changes in gene content and number relative to lifestyle. Prior to the T. clavata and A. hypogyna data produced in the Lane lab, the only oomycete genomic information was from pathogenic members of the lineage. By adding two species that do not completely rely on attacking a host organism for sustenance, it is now possible to use to understand the genomic consequences of becoming a parasite. Together, this research will lay the groundwork for comprehensive molecular and cell biological studies on the evolution of parasitism and add significantly to the genomic data available from the ecologically and economically important oomycetes. All available oomycete data will be graphed in EGNs using a 60% percent protein sequence similarity value and an e-value of 1x10-10. Thousands of connected components are produced in a network, ranging from large components of rapidly evolving genes or domains (e.g. ABC transporter families), to components consisting of two nodes connected by a single "edge" (line indicating BLAST similarity). Custom program scripts written in the computer language, python, will sort the connected components. Based on the number of proteins from each species, the scripts will identify expanded gene families that are uniquely expanded in a particular species or lifestyle, highlighting cases of gene family expansion. Additionally, EGNs can rapidly identify instances of gene loss. Together, this approach will allow the quantification of gene loss, duplication and adaptation between related free living and pathogenic organisms of particular importance to the nations food supply. The student funded by this proposal will be recruited with the help of the Director of Graduate Diversity and Recruitment Initiatives in the URI Graduate School and will interface with the Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Consortium.

Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:This grant is a student training grant and supported a graduate student during his PhD studies. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Chris attended the EuPathDB workshop in Georgia, which has been critical to developing his skills in identifying gene families involved in parasitism. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Chris gave a talk at the EuPathDB workshop as well as a local meeting focused on protists. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Graduate student, Chris Paight, was financially supported during this proposal in his training in evolutionary genomic methods. He has made substantial progress in his studies and is well versed in a variety of bioinformatic methods. Chris is currently working on two papers, which will be submited this summer.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

    Outputs
    Target Audience: Oomycete infections of crop plants and ornamentals cause blights, wilts, cankers, rusts, lesions and/or (root) rots whereas infestations in shellfish and finfish facilities can result in the loss of over 50% of high value brood stocks. As a lineage, oomycetes are a significant threat to U.S. National food security and cost agriculture and aquaculture industries billions in losses on an annual basis. This project will fund graduate students to perform a comparative genomic analysis of related free living and pathogenic oomycetes to identify genomic changes related to becoming pathogenic. Understanding the evolution of pathogenicity factors is an important step in developing treatment strategies for oomycete infections. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Supported graduate student Paight will be attending the EUpath workshop in George in the final reporting period to expand his methodological toolbox. Supported graduate student Salomaki attended the Bioinformatics workshop at the Roscoff Marine Station, Roscoff, France, during this reporting period. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Both students Paight and Salomaki have attended national and international meetings, presenting at both. In the final reporting period they will do the same and add new publications to the dissemination. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The final genome analysis for our two oomycetes are underway and should be published in the final reporting period. Supported students will continue to expand their bioinformatic skills in both formal and informal settings.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? A program was developed using evolutionary gene networks and published during this reporting period (Misner et al 2013). Students trained with NIFA support continue to identify novel uses for this method, which will be published in the final reporting period. Supported students have continued to make progress in both their training and research. Two additional papers have already been published in the final reporting period that will be cited in the final report. At least three more are anticipated, including the full genomes of our two oomycetes of interest.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Misner*, I., C. Bicep, P. Lopez, S. Halary, E. Bapteste & C. E. Lane 2013. Sequence Comparative Analysis using Netowrks (SCAN): software for evaluating de novo transcript assembly from next generation sequencing. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 30(8):19751986.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: OBrien, M, I. Misner, C. E. Lane 2013. Mitochondrial genome sequences and comparative genomics of Achlya hypogyna and Thraustotheca clavata. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61: 146-154.


    Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13

    Outputs
    Target Audience: This support is for the salary and tuition for a graduate student. The student in question has been hired and has completed the expected requirements during this reporting period. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The student has taken class in the computer science department and a new class in the CMB department to improve their analytical skills. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Preliminary analysis of these data will be presented at the International Society for Evolutionary Protistology, in Banff, Alberta in August 2014. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The genome of the parasite will be sequenced and comparatively analyzed by the supported graduate student for his dissertation research. We anticipate writing a manuscript in the late part of 2014.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? The hired graduate student is in the process ofanalyzingnewly created sequence data that was produced during this reporting period. Currently we are analyzing the host genome and the parasite genome is being isolated for sequencing. The student has made significant progress in his programming and Unix command line skills in order to take on this challenging task.

    Publications