Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences reached included urban, rural and nontraditional audiences, including youth, adults and elderly; especially those racial and ethnic minorities who are socially, economically, or educationally disadvantaged. Target audiences alsoincluded youth development counselors, farmersand businesses (i.e., pharmacies, hospitals, medical and animal clinics), community organizations and community groups. Changes/Problems:There were no major changes to the project during the 2016 projectyear; however; one co-investigator did retire during the duration of the project. That person was replaced and no other changes occurred. The addition of a financial report was added to the reporting requirments. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The professional development opportunities provided during the project period include attendance at: the USDA-NIFA Project Directors' Conference in Huntsville, AL [September 16-19, 2012 (moderator)]; the 1890 Universities Water Quality Meeting in Petersburg, VA [June 29-July 2, 2013 (invited presenter)]; the Annual Alabama Water Resources Conference in Orange Beach, AL (September 5-7, 2012; September 3-5, 2014 and September 7-9,2016); the Alabama Science Teachers Association (ASTA) iSTEM Conference in Huntsville and Birmingham, AL [February 14-16, 2013; February 18-19, 2014; March 3-4, 2015 and February 16-17, 2016 (invited presenter)]; the Water Education Summit in Chattanooga, TN [September 24-26, 2013 (invited presenter]; the AMRV RC&D Annual Meeting in Guntersville, AL [October 29, 2015 and October 27, 2016]; the USDA-NIFA Project Directors' Conference in Washington, DC [September 16-19, 2014 (invited presenter)]; the AMRV RC&D National Conferencein Mobile, AL [June 1-4, 2014]; the Alabama Soil and Water Conservation Society Annual Meeting in Huntsville, AL [June 11-13, 2014]; the National Urban Extension Conference in Atlanta, GA [May 5, 2015 (invited presenter)]; the SerPIE-One Health Conference in Huntsville, AL [June 19-20, 2016 (invited presenter)]; the Joint Meeting of PLN, AEA & ASRED in Nashville, TN [August 22-26 2016]; the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) Annual Meeting in Austin, Texas [November 12-13, 2016], and multiple Partnership for a Drug-free Community Board Meetings in Huntsville, AL. Each of these opportunities was used to enhance knowledge, seek out research-based information, and find solutions to environmental issues related to PIE issues that would aid in the development and implementation of the SerPIE Program. The team also attended twelve Plan or Work (POW) meetings, multiple in-service training sessions, teleconferences, and program planning meetings. These face-to-face and online sessions were held throughout the program's duration to discuss details of the program's development and implementation. They provided general training in program delivery and intranet system reporting for the Extension Agents and Specialists as well as forums for advancing the program. Technology training sessions were conducted to train Extension staff and University faculty on the new IPad-Air technology and broadcasting technology. The team members also participated in numerous online webinars to enhance their understanding of PIE and related issues. The project offered professional job experience for one biweekly undergraduate student. She assisted with various aspects of the project, including program development. Overall, the professional development opportunities afforded to the SerPIE team have resulted in improved knowledge, awareness, and understanding of PPCP issues among team members. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A number of methods were utilized to disseminate the results of this project to communities of interest. Results and outcomes were disseminated and/or shared using radio (i.e., WJAB 90.1), television, newsletters, magazines, newspapers, journals, success stories and internet online (blogs, etc.). Results were also disseminated at the numerous SerPIE activities (i.e., workshops, seminars, field days, demonstrations, festivals, expos, local and national meetings, symposiums and conferences, etc.) conducted and/or participated in during the duration of this project. Oral presentations were delivered at the NIFA 1890 USDA CBG Program Project Directors' Meeting on September 17, 2014 in Washington, D.C. ["Assessing Outcomes of the Synergistic Efforts to Reduce Pharmaceutical Impacts on the Environment Program"] and the SerPIE-One Health Conference on June 20, 2016 in Huntsville, AL. Poster presentations were delivered at the 2015 National Urban Extension Conference on May 5, 2015 in Atlanta, GA ["Assessing Impacts of the Synergistic Efforts to Reduce Pharmaceutical Impacts on the Environment Program"]; the Water Education Summit on September 26, 2013 in Chattanooga, TN [Assessing Pharmaceutical Drug Levels in the Huntsville Spring Branch Watershed]; and the SerPIE-One Health Conference on June 19, 2016 in Huntsville, AL. The research findings from the pharmaceutical prescreening assessments were shared with law makers, water quality specialists, extension educators, researchers, and students at the 2013 Water Quality Summit; the 2016 SerPIE-One Health Conference, and the 2016 Alabama A&M University STEM Day. PPCP findings from pharmaceutical studies conducted by the project investigators were also published in the International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Pharmaceutical Research and serves as baseline data for SerPIE. Exhibits and demonstrations showcasing SerPIE materials and concepts were setup at a number of events, including ACES Senior Aging Initiative Conferences [2013, 2014, 2015, 2016]; the ACES "Green Living Expo [2013]; the Senior Citizen Expo [October 27, 2015]; the Water and Woods Expo in Mobile, AL[April 24-25, 2015 and April 29-30, 2016], the ACES Open House in Huntsville, AL [August 11, 2015]; theMichelin Health and Safety Fair in Dothan, AL [August 1, 2015]; and the Georgia Pacific Water Ways Festival at Kolomoki Mounds State Park in Blakely, GA [October 15, 2014]. Educational information related to veterinary pharmaceuticals, in particular, was shared at 7th Annual Small Ruminant Conference and Field Day in Nashville, TN [May 30, 2014]; the Small Ruminant Workshop Breed for Parasite Management in Huntsville, AL [November 7, 2015]; the Sheep and Goat Health Demonstration in Guntersville, AL [April 25, 2015]; the Introducing Sustainable Meat Goat Production to Landowners Workshop in Greenville, MS [June 28, 2014]; the Sustainable Silvopasture Systems for Small Farmers Field Day and Training Workshop in Epes, AL [August 18, 2014] and the Small Ruminant Conference in OrangeBeach, AL [August 26-27, 2016]. Outcomes resulting from SerPIE workshops and seminars have been published in resources, like the Alabama Cooperative Farming News Magazine. Other specific outcomes of the program were disseminated in a publication entitled "Forestry, Wildlife and Natural Resources: Programs and People" in June of 2013 and an array of Extension fact sheets and state and federal reports. These Extension publications weredisseminated online, at workshops, expos, festivals, and variety of other outreach functions, making them readily available to the general public. Impacts of the drug take-back programs conducted have been highlighted in local news casts and in local newspapers throughout the state. Overall, the team participated in more than 106activities where SerPIE related materials were provided and/or shared throughout the project's duration. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In 2013, an Extension Team Project (ETP) was implemented that served as the major vehicle for SerPIE's dissemination. To date, four Urban Regional Extension Agents, four Statewide Specialists, two Associate Professors, and other selected Extension personnel representing twelve counties have carried out 106 activities with 122 contact reports for a total of 8859 traceable and 660,998 non-traceable contacts. Element 1: Team members utilized the SerPIE Resource Toolkit and portable 3-D Drinking Water Sources and Wastewater Treatment Enviroscape Models to provide hands-on educational activities to program participants. The toolkit includes curriculum that was developed in partnership with JT & A, Inc. (Alexandria, VA) and demonstrates how PPCPs enter the waste water treatment cycle as well as how they enter surface and groundwater. A video was also developed that illustrates how to use the new curriculum. Element II: The Web-based Resource Repository (WRR)serves as an open access compilation of resources for researchers, homeownersand educators. A science-oriented video resource library was also developed to increase access to video resources. It includes educational resources, such as Discovery Education™ Protecting Our Planet which is available for check-out via the web. The Library is located at: http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE/VideoResourceLibrary.php. The team has also worked to incorporate technology-based elements which entail "mini vignette" demos featuring avatars. The vignettes offer a novel approach to PIE education. One Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was also developed detailing specifics concerning Extension staff trainings and development of interactive digital elements. Element III: More than a dozen partnerships have been created to broaden collaborative linkages in establishing new PIE initiatives. The partnerships include the Product Stewardship Institute and the Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant. These partnerships have aided in significantly reducing the impacts of pharmaceuticals on animal, human and environmental health. The team worked with Oregon State University to implement a nationwide online survey-based study on "Pet Well-Being and the Environment". There were a total of 1,012 survey participants. Eighty-five percent of those surveyed valued clean water and air for their pets. The team has worked extensively with law enforcement and like-partners throughout the state to host 38 drug-take back initiatives, in which thousands of pounds of unwanted drugs (estimate =16,050) were collected. The team partnered with ACES's Successful Aging Initiative (SAI) to offer drug take-back events to seniors at annual SAI Conferences. A visual assessment of drug-take back participants revealed that participation among minorities was fairly low (<10%). Although minority participation has improved since SerPIE's inception, findings indicate a strong desire among minorities to hold on to old medication. Most of the medicines collected were prescription drugs, followed by over-the-counter drugs and personal care products. Participant turnout varied more or less throughout the state; however, Madison County, AL tended to lead in participant turnout and PPCP collection. Overall, the number of PIE initiatives in Alabama have increased and the amount of pharmaceuticals fated for the environment and stockpiled in homes has been drastically reduced. The creation of new partnerships led to the acquisition of training materials for extension staff and new educational resources for Extension's clientele. To date, the team disseminated an estimated 3475 brochures, 4820 publications, and 6320 flyers. Element IV: Numerous SerPIE workshops and seminars were conducted throughout the duration of the program. Outcomes for the workshops revealed significant increases in knowledge and anticipated positive changes in behavior among the participants. Generally speaking, results observed from pre and post assessments revealed on average a 50% increase in knowledge among program participants. The average participants' knowledge before the workshops wasrated very low to moderate (1 to 3) compared to a rating of high to very high (4 to 5) after the workshops. Participants tended to be very satisfied with the quality of the training and agreed that the information was relevant to their needs. Follow-up-surveys revealed adoption of at least 1 out of 4 recommended BMPS and overall improved decision making by stakeholders. In 2016, the team hosted the first SerPIE-One Health Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (June 19-20)in Huntsville, AL. The Conference was an interdisciplinary conference that brought experts together in the areas of human, animal, and environmental health to discuss current research and Extension activities being undertaken to minimize societal and environmental impacts of PPCPs. It offered an array of dynamic keynote speakers, presentations, exhibits, and opportunities to discuss current PPCP issues. There were over 125 participants in attendance. Element V: Samples were collected for the PIE prescreening program in May and June of 2014 and tested for selected PPCPs utilizing widely acceptable methods. The experimental analysis were performed by Test America, Inc. (Sacramento, CA) and included test runs for steroids and hormones (i.e., 17b-estradiol, etc.) and PPCPs in water (i.e., caffeine, etc.). Analysis were performed on samples taken from freshwater bodies in 6 Alabama counties (4 sites/county and 3 samples/site). A total of 24 sampling sites were selected based on location and geo-referenced using a Garmin GPSMAP instrument. Several PPCPs were detected at levels ranging up to ng L−1. USEPA 1694 multi-residue methods for the analysis of PPCPs and illicit drugs in surface water was performed using solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) instrumentation (USEPA, 2007). A total of 22 samples were analyzed for PPCPs. In-situ measurements for water pH and temperature were determined using an YSI Extended Deployment System (EDS) (YSI, 2006). Although 9 of the 24 sites showed detections for antibiotics, insect repellents, plastic hardeners, central nervous system stimulants, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, no detections were observed for steroids and hormones. The detections for DEET ranged from 43 to 280 ng/L; caffeine ranged from 91 to 150 ng/L; sulfamethoxazole ranged from 27 to 120 ng/L. Sites in lower Alabama showed multiple detections for acetaminophen, salicylic acid and bisphenol-A. This indicates that there is a need for more intensive research in this area. This analysis provided preliminary data to support SerPIE and future assessments which may include the elemental composition of related compounds. Publication of these findings is now underway. Element VI: The first SerPIE-Agricultural Science Extension Mentorship Program (ASEMP) was offered June 15 - July 24, 2015. Advisors of complimentary institutionalized programs were consulted for development procedures. The program consisted of a nationwide search with advertisement of the program online and via social media. Promotional information was sent out to over fifty Universities. The program lasted six-weeks and offered six undergraduate students an opportunity to explore Science and Extension professions that focused on concepts, like PIE. Participants were placed with mentors from diverse backgrounds to participate in experiential learning activities that enhanced their understanding of PPCPs. Evaluation of the mentees revealed knowledge gains concerning PPCP issues and Extension and Science Careers. The program culminated with a 3-day workshop at the 4-H Center in Columbiana, AL and a closing ceremony in Huntsville, AL. The program details can be found at the following website: http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE-ASEMP/index.php.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
D. Heubach, K. Garner, P. Carter, R. Robinson, A. Shabel, P. Okweye, S. Hopkinson, T. Warren. 2016. Assessing the Impacts of the Synergistic Efforts To Reduce Pharmaceuticals In The Environment (SerPIE) Program. In Proceedings of the SerPIE-One Health Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products. June 19-20. Huntsville, AL
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
J. Henderson. 2016. How PPCPs Affect Our Drinking Water. Metro News. April-June. Volume 15, No. 3.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
B. Christian. 2016. Optimizing Your Health Without Drugs:
How to Use Natural Remedies. Metro News. January-March. Volume 15, No. 2.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
J. Taylor. 2016. Prescription Drug Abuse Among Teens. Metro News. January-March. Volume 15, No. 2.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
S. McCammon. 2016. Please Dont Exceed: Regulating Pharmaceutical Drug Prescriptions. Metro News. January-March. Volume 15, No. 2.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE/OneHealth/
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
D. Heubach, K. Garner, P. Carter, R. Robinson, A. Shabel, and P. Okweye, 2016. Assessing the Impacts of the Synergistic Efforts To Reduce Pharmaceuticals In The Environment (SerPIE) Program. Submitted to the National Urban Extension Conference on Engaging in Collective Purpose. May 8-11. St. Paul, Minnesota
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
The Proceedings of the SerPIE-One Health Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Conference Booklet. (SerPIE). June 19-20. Huntsville, AL
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
S. Chan. L. Kammin, S. Zack, and K. Golson-Garner. 2016. "Utilizing a One Health Approach to Achieve Zero Pharmaceutical Waste": Framing a Collaborative Approach to Addressing Emerging Concerns from Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment. In Proceedings of the SerPIE-One Health Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products. June 19-20. Huntsville, AL
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
P. Okweye and K. Garner. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical and Industrial Pollutants in the Lower Tennessee River Basin, Alabama. 2016. In Proceedings of the SerPIE-One Health Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products. June 19-20. Huntsville, AL
|
Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences reached included urban, rural and nontraditional audiences, including youth, adults and elderly; especially those racial and ethnic minorities who are socially, economically, or educationally disadvantaged. Target audiences included youth development counselors, farmers. Target audiences also included businesses (i.e., pharmacies, hospitals, medical and animal clinics), community organizations and community groups. Changes/Problems:There were no major changes to the project during this period. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A total of two in-service training sessions and four SerPIE meetings were conducted during the program year. These face-to-face and on-online sessions were held to discuss details of the program's development and implementation and to train Agents on program delivery. The unit also participated in a number of professional development opportunities; they included attendance at the 2015 National Urban Extension Conference on May 5, 2015 in Atlanta, GA; the Alabama Science Teachers Association (ASTA) Conference, March 3-4, 2015 in Birmingham, AL and the AMRV RC&D Annual Meeting, October 29, 2015 in Guntersville, AL. As in previous years, these opportunities were used to seek out research-based solutions to environmental and water quality issues that would enhance the development and delivery of the SerPIE Program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Several SerPIE workshops were conducted in 2015, including a workshop entitled "A Conversation Between Us about Teen Prescription Drug Abuse" in Montgomery, AL. Like in previous years, the results from the activities carried out were disseminated and/or shared with communities of interest using radio, television, newsletters, magazines, and internet online sources. The extension findings have also been presented at local and national conferences, meetings, and symposiums. A poster presentation entitled "Assessing Impacts of the Synergistic Efforts to Reduce Pharmaceutical Impacts on the Environment (SerPIE) Program" was delivered at the 2015 National Urban Extension Conference on May 5, 2015 in Atlanta, GA. Exhibits showcasing SerPIE materials were setup at a number of events, including a Senior Citizen Expo (October 27, 2015) and a Water and Woods Expo (April 24-25, 2015) in Mobile, Al, ACES Open House in Huntsville, AL (August 11, 2015) as well as at the Michelin Health and Safety Fair (August 1, 2015) in Dothan, AL. Impacts of the drug take-back programs conducted have been highlighted in local news casts and in local newspapers throughout the state. Educational information related to veterinary pharmaceuticals was shared at a Small Ruminant Workshop Breed for Parasite Management (November 7, 2015) in Huntsville, AL and at a Sheep and Goat Health Demonstration (April 25, 2015) in Guntersville, AL. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The next reporting period will include the coordination and hosting of a One Health Conceptual Conference focused on PPCPs. Work will be performed to publish the findings from the research and outreach efforts of the project. There will be continued training for Extension staff and development of technology components as well as updates to the SerPIE Web-based Resource Repository. There will strengthening of partnerships and continued participation in efforts like drug take-back programs.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In 2015, SerPIE was implemented as an Extension Team Project. Five Urban Regional Extension Agents, four Statewide Specialists, and two Associate Professors representing ten counties carried out 35 activities with 40 contact reports for a total of 2748 traceable and 587,700 non-traceable contacts. Element I: Team members continued to use the SerPIE Resource Toolkit and portable 3-D Enviroscape Models to provide hands-on educational activities to program participants. The toolkit includes curriculum that was developed in partnership with JT & A, Inc. (Alexandria, VA). The curriculum entitled Enviroscape Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals and Water Quality demonstrates how PPCPs enter the waste water treatment cycle as well as how they enter surface and groundwater. It contains four activities and reiterates the role that individuals must conscientiously play to protect the environment. Efforts are underway to develop the digital components of the resource guide in order to enhance Agent training. Element II: An array of publications, presentations, brochures, and supporting materials has been added to the Web-based Resource Repository (WRR). The WRR provides an open access compilation of resources for researchers, homeowners, and educators. Efforts are also underway to add web-based visual (WBV) programs that will allow audiences to explore concepts in virtual environments. These technology-based elements entail vignette demos featuring avatars disposing of PPCPs improperly. Lastly, the science-oriented video collection includes media sources such as Discovery Education™ Protecting Our Planet. It can be found at: http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE/VideoResourceLibrary.php Element III: Efforts have continued to foster partnerships and broaden collaborative linkages in establishing new PIE initiatives. The team worked with Oregon State University (i.e., Sea Grant) to implement a nationwide online survey-based study on "Pet Well-Being and the Environment". The survey was marketed via ACES. There were a total of 1,012 survey participants, with 20 from Alabama. Eighty-five percent of those surveyed valued clean water and air for their pets. Of those surveyed 23% disposed of pharmaceuticals in the garbage and 31% disposed of personal care products via garbage. Roughly 5% disposed of PPCPs via the sink or toilet. The survey also revealed that most respondents received PPCP information from local pet and health stores. Alabama hosted drug collection programs throughout the state in 2015. The team participated in twelve drug take-back programs, including initiatives at three Successful Aging Initiative (SAI) Conferences. The events were advertised using online resources, like Facebook. Like in 2013 and 2014, surveys of program participants revealed that the majority of individuals participating in the drug take-back initiatives were female. They also revealed that participation among minorities was fairly low, although numbers have improved since the program's inception. Most of the medicines collected were prescription drugs, followed by over-the-counter drugs and personal care products. The types of PPCPs collected included tablets, liquids and ointments. Participant turnout varied throughout the state, with a high turnout of 192 participants at an October event in Madison Co. Drug take-back programs with ACES participation included Madison Co. in April (1320 lbs.) and October (1750 lbs.) of 2015; Morgan Co. in April and September of 2015 (136 lbs.); Lawrence Co. in November 2015; Houston Co. in April (387 lbs.) and September (196 lbs.) of 2015; Montgomery Co. (13 lbs.) in October of 2015; and Elmore Co. (34 lbs.) in October of 2015. Observations revealed that participants who attended drug take-back events in the spring also attended in the fall. The team disseminated an estimated 980 brochures, 1500 publications, and 1700 flyers during programming efforts in 2015. In summary, the amount of pharmaceuticals fated for the environment has been drastically reduced. Madison Co. in particular has collected over 12,000 lbs. since 2010. Element IV: Program outcomes for the SerPIE workshops revealed significant increases in knowledge and anticipated positive changes in behavior for the participants. Small ruminant producers learned the basics of disposing of unwanted pharmaceutical and veterinary medication at workshop in Huntsville and Guntersville, AL. Workshops were also conducted to educate youth counselors on the problem of prescription drug abuse among teens and provide education on code names for drugs often abused by teens. Workshops focusing on impacts of pharmaceuticals were also conducted in Mobile, AL. Element V: Samples were collected for the PIE prescreening program in May and June, and tested for selected PPCPs utilizing widely acceptable methods. The experimental analysis were performed by Test America, Inc. (Sacramento, CA) and included test runs for steroids and hormones (i.e., 17b-estradiol, etc.) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water (i.e., caffeine, etc.). Analysis were performed on samples taken from freshwater bodies in 6 Alabama counties (4 sites/county and 3 samples/site). A total of 24 sampling sites were selected based on location and geo-referenced using a Garmin GPSMAP instrument. Several PPCPs were detected at levels ranging up to ng L−1. USEPA 1694 multi-residue methods for the analysis of PPCPs and illicit drugs in surface water was performed using solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) instrumentation (USEPA, 2007). A total of 22 samples were analyzed for PPCPs. In-situ measurements for water pH and temperature were determined using an YSI Extended Deployment System (EDS) (YSI, 2006). Although 9 of the 24 sites showed detections for antibiotics, insect repellents, plastic hardeners, central nervous system stimulants, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, no detections were observed for steroids and hormones. The detections for DEET ranged from 43 to 280 ng/L; caffeine ranged from 91 to 150 ng/L; sulfamethoxazole ranged from 27 to 120 ng/L. Sites in lower Alabama showed multiple detections for acetaminophen, salicylic acid and bisphenol-A. This indicates that there is a need for more intensive research in this area. This analysis provided preliminary data to support SerPIE and future assessments which may include the elemental composition of related compounds. Element VI: The guidelines and selection procedures for the Agricultural Science Extension Mentorship Program (ASEMP) were finalized and the first program was offered June 15 - July 24, 2015. Advisors of complimentary institutionalized programs like the NSF-REU program were consulted and utilized for development procedures. The program consisted of a nationwide search with advertisement of the program online and via social media. Promotional information was also sent out to over fifty Universities. The program lasted six-weeks and offered six undergraduate students an opportunity to explore Science and Extension professions that focused on concepts, like PIE. Participants were placed with mentors from diverse backgrounds to participate in experiential learning activities that enhanced their understanding of PPCPs. Evaluation of the mentees revealed knowledge gains concerning PPCP issues and Extension and Science Careers.The program culminated with a 3-day workshop at the 4-H Center in Columbiana, AL and a closing ceremony in Huntsville, AL. The guidelines and application can be found at the following website: http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE-ASEMP/index.php.
Publications
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE/VideoResourceLibrary.php
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE/index.php
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
D. Heubach. 2015. Proper Disposal of Unused Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products. ACES Online. Baldwin County.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
J. McCord. 2015. Long-term Health Risks of Prescription Drug Use. Metro News. July-September. Vol. 14. No. 4.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
20125
Citation:
R. Sumblin. 2015. Common Street Names for Pharmaceutical Drugs. Metro News. July-September. Vol. 15. No. 1.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
K. Garner, P. Okweye. D. Heubach, P. Carter, R. Robinson and M. Garner. 2015. Assessing Impacts of the Synergistic Efforts to Reduce Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Program (SerPIE). In Proceedings of the National Urban Extension Conference, May 4-6, Atlanta, GA.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
http://www.zeropharmaceuticalwaste.com/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE-ASEMP/
|
Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience was diverse including urban, rural and nontraditional audiences, with youth and adult participants; especially racial and ethnic minorities. Among those specifically reached within the community were youth development counselors, health care workers, senior care givers, elderly citizens, farmers/producers, extension educators, teachers, professors, students, city officials, and general stakeholders. Target audiences also included organizations and businesses, like health care facilities, rehabilitation centers, animal care facilities, public schools and senior centers. Changes/Problems: There were no major changes to the project during this period. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? A total of two in-service training and technology sessions and two plan-of-work sessions were conducted during the program year. These face-to-face and on-online sessions were held to discuss details of the program's development and implementation and to train Agents on new technology. Teleconferences were also held throughout the year. Extension staff and University faculty also participated in a number of professional development opportunities; they included attendance at the 2014 NIFA USDA Project Directors' Conference, September 16-19 in Washington, DC; the Alabama Science Teachers Association (ASTA) Conference, February 18-19 in Birmingham, AL; the AMRV RC&D National Conference, June 1-4 in Mobile, AL; the Alabama Soil and Water Conservation Society Annual Meeting, June 11-13, 2014; the 28th Annual Alabama Water Resources Conference, September 3-5, 2014 in Orange Beach, AL; participation in two Partnership for a Drug-Free Community Board Meetings in Huntsville, Al. Each of these opportunities was used to seek out research-based solutions to environmental and water quality issues that would enhance the development and delivery of the SerPIE Program. The project also supported one biweekly undergraduate student. She assisted with various aspects of the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A number of SerPIE workshops were conducted during the program year. The results from the activities carried out have been disseminated and/or shared with communities of interest using radio, television, newsletters, magazines, and internet online sources. The extension findings have also been presented at local and national conferences, meetings, festivals and symposiums. Exhibits showcasing SerPIE materials were setup at a number of conferences, including the Successful Aging Initiative Conferences. Impacts of the local drug take-back programs conducted have been highlighted on the local news and in local newspapers. Impacts and findings resulting from SerPIE workshops and seminars have been published in resources, like the Alabama Cooperative Farming News Magazine. An oral presentation entitled "Assessing Outcomes of the Synergistic Efforts to Reduce Pharmaceutical Impacts on the Environment (SerPIE) Program" was delivered at the 2014 NIFA 1890 USDA CBG Program Project Directors' Meeting on September 17, 2014 in Washington, D.C. Educational information from the SerPIE program was also shared at the 7th Annual Small Ruminant Conference and Field Day on May 30, 2014 in Nashville, TN; the Georgia Pacific Water Ways Festival at Kolomoki Mounds State Park on October 15, 2014 in Blakely, GA; the "Introducing Sustainable Meat Goat Production to Landowners Workshop" on June 28, 2014 in Greenville, MS; and the Sustainable Silvopasture Systems for Small Farmers Field Day and Training Workshop on August 18, 2014 in Epes, AL. A number of SerPIE exhibits and demonstrations were also hosted at events throughout the year, including the Successful Aging Initiative Conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The next reporting period will entail the continuation of the PIE Prescreening Program that provides training to Extension Staff and generates local research-based data to support SerPIE. It will also mark the initiation of the SerPIE-Agricultural Science Extension Mentorship Program (ASEMP) that encourages youth to enter into science and extension-related professions that focus on concepts, like PIE. There will also be continued training for Extension staff and updates to the SerPIE Web-based Resource Repository.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In 2014, an Extension Team Project (EPT) was implemented that served as the major vehicle for program dissemination. Four Urban Regional Extension Agents, four Statewide Specialists, and two Associate Professors representing ten counties carried out 28 activities with 39 contact reports for a total of 323,846 traceable and 659,795 non-traceable contacts. Element I: Team members began utilizing the SerPIE Resource Toolkit and portable 3-D enviroscape models and watershed/NPS DVDs to provide hands-on educational activities to program participants. An accompanying curriculum was finalized in partnership with JT & A, Inc. The enviroscapes along with the curriculum were used to demonstrate the entry of PPCPs into the environment and the role that individuals must conscientiously play to protect it. Post-delayed response evaluations were also developed to assess the adoption of pharmaceutical BMPs by program participants. Element II: A science-oriented video collection was developed via an online ordering system. Media resources, such as the Green Encyclopedia Video Collection, Part 1 and II and the Planet Earth series were ordered. The Web-based Resource Repository was developed utilizing Squarespace. The repository provides an open access compilation of resources for homeowners, medical professionals and environmental educators. Element III: The team continued building partnerships with law enforcement and other organizations working towards reducing the impacts of pharmaceuticals on animal, human and environmental health. The team disseminated an estimated 850 brochures, 880 publications, and 1500 flyers in 2014. Alabama hosted drug collection sites throughout the state and collected thousands of unwanted drugs in April, September and October of 2014. The team participated in a total of eleven drug take-back programs including five that were initiated by local law enforcement and the SerPIE team. The events were advertised using online resources and local media. Efforts were also made to build upon partnerships with the National Sea Grant Program, the American Veterinary Medical Association and Operation Medicine Cabinet. A survey of program participants revealed that the majority of individuals participating in the drug take-back initiatives were female. It also revealed that participation among minorities was extremely low. The same trend was observed throughout the state and in 2012 and 2013. Observations also revealed that participants who attended drug take-back events in the spring also utilized the event in the fall. Most of the medicines collected were prescription drugs, followed by over-the-counter drugs and personal care products. The types of PPCPs collected included tablets, liquids and ointments, with the majority being tablets. Participant turnout varied throughout the state, with a high turnout of 279 participants at an April collection site in Madison Co. Drug take-back programs with ACES participation included Madison Co. in April and October of 2014; Morgan Co. in April of 2014, Houston Co. in April and September of 2014, and Mobile Co. in October of 2014. The SerPIE team also worked with Consumer Science and Personal Financial Management Extension Agents and local law enforcement to make drug take-programs available at Annual Successful Aging Initiative (SAI) Conferences in Montgomery, Morgan, Lauderdale, Autauga and Elmore Counties. The SAI Conference targets senior, minority audiences who have been less likely to participate in the National Drug Take-Back Initiative. Despite efforts to increase participation among minorities their participation in the drug take-back events remained fairly low. Additional information will be collected in the future to determine reasons for the low turnout among minority populations. Current results indicate a desire among minority populations to hold on to their prescriptions. Overall, the number of pharmaceuticals in the environment (PIE) initiatives taking place in the state was increased and the amount of pharmaceuticals fated for the environment was reduced. Element IV: Several SerPIE workshops and seminars were conducted throughout the state. Program outcomes for the workshops revealed significant increases in knowledge and anticipated positive changes in behavior for the participants. Small ruminant producers learned the basics of disposing of unwanted pharmaceutical and veterinary medication at a workshop in Florence, AL entitled "Livestock Medicine Workshop: Use, Storage and Disposal. SerPIE workshops conducted during a series of 2014 Successful Aging Initiative (SAI) Conferences taught elderly the benefits of disposing of their unwanted medicine properly. Keynote speakers included Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) officials and local public health authorities. Program participants were encouraged to reduce the amount of pharmaceutical drugs in their households where youth were present. Workshops were also conducted to educate youth counselors on the problem of prescription drug abuse among teens and provide education on code names for drugs often abused by teens. Workshops entitled "A Conversation between Us about Teens" were conducted in Montgomery, Elmore and Autauga Counties. Evaluation results from participants at SerPIE workshops, demonstrations and seminars yielded the following findings: Eighty-four percent (n=122) of the participants were female; while 16% were male. Sixty-five percent of the participants were African American and 30% Caucasian. Two percent of the participants selected Other as their ethnic background; while Hispanic, Asian and American Indian each made up 1% of the participants. Overall, the participants showed gains in knowledge concerning the hazards associated PPCPs. Results for knowledge gains among respondents were as follows: 86% of the respondents were aware of the growing problem of prescription drug abuse among adults and teens; 77% stated that they currently kept their pharmaceutical or prescription drugs out of reach, locked up or away from youth; while 18% admitted that they did not keep their drugs out of reach, locked up or away from youth. Additionally, 39% of the respondents stated that they kept expired and unwanted pharmaceuticals in their medicine cabinet. When asked how they dispose of expired and unwanted pharmaceuticals, 30% of the respondents admitted to throwing drugs in the trash, 19% admitted to flushing them down the toilet, 5% admitted to giving them to friends or relatives and 46% were not sure or did not provide a response to the question. Fifty-five percent of the respondents were aware of the environmental hazards associated with PPCPS; while 24% were unaware. Lastly, 84% of the respondents failed to bring prescriptions to the drug take-back drive if one was offered during that particular SerPIE event. Element V: Sampling designs and methodologies were developed for the PIE prescreening program. Contractual services were initiated with Test America, Inc. Samples will be collected in early 2015 and tested for selected PPCPs utilizing widely acceptable methods. The experimental analysis will include test runs for steroids and hormones (i.e., 17b-estradiol, estriol, testosterone, etc.)and pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water (i.e., caffeine, DEET, ibuprofen, triclosan, etc.). Element VI: The guidelines and selection procedures for the SerPIE Agricultural Science Extension Mentorship Program (ASEMP) were developed. Advisors of complimentary institutionalized programs like the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) were consulted and utilized for development procedures. Potential mentors have been contacted and the application and advertising process has been established. The guidelines and application can be found at the following website: http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE-ASEMP/index.php
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
K. Garner, P.Okweye, S. Hopkinson and T. Warren. 2014. Assessing outcomes of the SerPIE Program. NIFA 1890 USDA CBG Program Project Directors Meeting. September 16-17. Washington, DC.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
R. Spencer and K. Golson-Garner. Livestock Medicines: Responsible Storage and Disposal. UNP-2071. ACES. September 2014. (Extension Publication/Fact Sheet)
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
R. Spencer. Livestock Medicines and Responsibilities. For What Its Worth. Cooperative Farming News. Trade Magazine).
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPIE-ASEMP/index.php
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
http://www.aces.edu/urban/forestry/SerPie.php
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Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience was diverse including urban, rural and nontraditional audiences, with youth and adult participants; especially racial and ethnic minorities. Among those specifically reached within the community were youth development counselors, health care workers, senior care givers, elderly citizens, farmers/producers, extension educators, teachers, professors, students, city officials, and general stakeholders. Target audiences also included organizations and businesses, like health care facilities, rehabilitation centers, animal care facilities, public schools and senior centers. Changes/Problems: A major change in personnel occurred in December of 2012 with the retirement of one of the co-PIs. To address this issue and combat any delays that might have significant impact on the project a one-year no-cost extension was requested and approved in 2013. A new team member was identified and brought on broad to assist with certain aspects of the project. To date, the project objectives and subsequent elements designated as responsibilities of the retired co-PI have been reassigned to other team members and/or persons with the required academic training and skill set. Plans are now underway and on track to address all of the proposed project components. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The professional development opportunities provided by the project include: attendance at the 1890 Universities Water Quality Meeting, in Petersburg, VA, June 29-July 2, 2013 (invited speaker); attendance at the 26th Annual Alabama Water Resources Conference in Orange Beach, AL, September 5-7, 2012; attendance at the NIFA USDA Project Directors' Conference, in Huntsville, AL, September 16-19, 2012 (moderator); participation in the Alabama Science Teachers Association (ASTA) iSTEM Conference in Huntsville, AL, February 14-16, 2013 (invited speaker); attendance at three Partnership for a Drug-free Community Board Meetings in Huntsville, AL; attendance at the Water Education Summit in Chattanooga, TN, September 24-26, 2013; attendance at two POW meetings and multiple in-service training sessions; these face-to-face sessions were held in September, October and November of 2012 and April and September of 2013. They provided general training in program delivery and system reporting for the extension agents and offered discussion forums for building the SerPIE program. The team members also attended and participated in numerous general meetings, teleconferences and online webinars, like the monthly Institutional Team Web Conference. Each of these opportunities was used to enhance knowledge, seek out research-based information, and find solutions to environmental issues related to PIE issues that would aid in the development and implementation of the SerPIE Program. The professional development opportunities afforded to the SerPIE team have resulted in improved knowledge, awareness, and understanding of PPCP issues among team members. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A total of five SerPIE workshops and one pharmaceutical prescreening project were conducted during the program year. The results from the activities carried out have been disseminated and/or shared with communities of interest uses radio, television, newsletters, magazines, and internet online sources. The extension and research findings have also been presented at local and national conferences, meetings, festivals and symposiums. A total of two success stories and one news article were published during the project year. Exhibits showcasing SerPIE materials were setup at a number of festivals, including the 2013 ACES “Green Living Expo”. Impacts of the local drug take-back programs conducted have been highlighted on the local news and in local newspapers. The research findings from the pharmaceutical prescreening assessments were shared with law makers, water quality specialists, extension educators, researchers, and students at the 2013 Water Quality Summit. Findings from pharmaceutical studies conducted by the project investigators have also been have published in the International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Pharmaceutical Research and serves as baseline data for SerPIE. Impacts and findings resulting from SerPIE workshops and seminars have been published in resources, like the Alabama Cooperative Farming News Magazine. Other specific outcomes of the SerPIE program were disseminated in a publication entitled “Forestry, Wildlife and Natural Resources: Programs and People” in June of 2013. This particular publication was disseminated at workshops, expos, festivals, and variety of other outreach functions, making it readily available to the general public. It is also available online. . What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The SerPIE Extension Team Project has been included in the ACES 2013-2014 POW; hence, workshops and SerPIE activities will be continued in the upcoming year. The SerPIE program will also be strengthened by engaging more stakeholders and analyzing past data trends to make improvements in program delivery. The next reporting cycle will entail the development of the web-based repository, science-oriented video collection, additional educational materials, and the training of extension staff on video and audio broadcasting. It will also see the initial development of the digital interactive web-based visual (WBR) programs to demonstrate “pollution in action”. Plans are also underway for the development of the Agricultural Science Extension Mentorship Program (ASEMP) and the continuation of the PIE prescreening program. The team will continue to work diligently to develop and enhance partnerships and/or collaborative relationships that promote increased awareness, and help individuals understand the environmental safeguards germane to proper disposal of unwanted medicine. They will also continue to expand their work with the National Drug Take-back Initiative. Extension agents will be encouraged to join relevant professional societies and eXtension Communities of Practice to strengthen their knowledge base. The team will also work to increase the number of extension and research publications focused on PPCP related issues.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective: Coordination and POW meetings were held in the fall of 2012 to establish an ETP based on state defined goals and outcomes. Element I: Team members were provided with materials for the development of the SerPIE Resource Toolkit. They also received portable 3-D enviroscape models, watershed/NPS DVDs, and carrying cases to enhance program delivery. An accompanying curriculum was developed in partnership with Enviroscape, Inc. Educational materials were developed, including PowerPoint presentations and evaluation instruments. Element II: Teleconferences were held to discuss development of the web-based resource repository and enhancement of broadcasting capabilities. A Memorandum of Understanding was developed detailing specifics concerning staff trainings and development of digital elements. Media resources, like the Green Encyclopedia Video Collection, Part 1 and II were prescreened for the science-oriented video collection. Element III: The team is currently working with a number of organizations to help individuals better understand pharmaceuticals and personal care product (PPCP) issues. These partnerships have led to the acquisition of training materials for extension staff and stakeholders. The team has disseminated an estimated 650 brochures, 840 publications, and 920 flyers. As mentioned earlier, Alabama hosted 83 collection sites and collected 4,123 lbs. of drugs on October 26, 2013. For this event, a questionnaire was provided to selected individuals (n=48) participating the Mobile Co. drug take-back. The results revealed the following: 67% of the participants were female; while, 33% were male. Most of the participants (52%) received notification of the event via TV (52%) and internet (13%). The number of minorities participating was extremely low, only 2% Asian and 8% African American. Contrastingly, 90% of the participants were Caucasian. Similar trends have been reported by other team members. Interestingly, 83% of the participants had utilized a drug-take back program in the past compared to 17% who reported the October 26th event as their first event. Most of the medicine collected were prescription drugs. A total of 174 lbs. of medicine was collected at this one location. Other drug take-back programs with ACES participation included Madison Co. in October 2013 (400 lbs.+); Morgan Co. in April 2013 (256 lbs.); Madison Co. in April 2013 (480 lbs.);October 2012 (806 lbs.) and March2012 (1,093 lbs.). Element IV: Program outcomes for the workshops conducted revealed significant increases in knowledge and anticipated positive changes in behavior for the participants. Small ruminant producers learned the basics of disposing of unwanted pharmaceutical and veterinary medication at a workshop in Citronelle, AL. Evaluation results (n=36) revealed that 63% of the participants in attendance were male; while 37% were female; 90% were Caucasian and 10% were African American. Average participants’ knowledge before the workshop was rated low compared to a rating of high after the workshop. The impact of the training on building participants’ knowledge was as follows: 90% of the participants showed knowledge gains concerning the drug take-back initiative; 77% increased their knowledge of how proper disposal of PPCPs could reduce the risk to soil and water contamination; 87% increased their knowledge of how proper storage/disposal of PPCPs could prevent misuse; 80% increased their knowledge of the risks posed to human and environmental health; 87% increased their knowledge of PPCP impacts on drinking water quality; 97% increased theirknowledge of the term PPCP and 93% increased their knowledge of the sources of PPCPs. An assessment of potential participant BMP adoptions revealed the following: 83% of the participants planned to use alternative ways to dispose of PPCPs; 60% planned to take advantage of drug take-back programs; 87% planned to follow better veterinary PPCP management; 80% planned to share the information about PPCP with others, and 47% stated that they would no longer flush medication down the toilet and 50% stated that they had already adopted that BMP. The percentage of participants not planning to adopt recommended BMPs was around 3%. Overall, the participants were very satisfied with the quality of the training and agreed that the information was relevant to their needs. A workshop entitled “Identifying Signs of an Emerging Epidemic” in Huntsville, AL taught youth counselors the benefits of working with parents to reduce the amount of unwanted drugs in households with teens. Results observed from pre and post assessments revealed a 54% increase in knowledge among the youth counselors. This workshop was also offered to a group of educators in Sandtown, AL. Results from the two workshops revealed the following (n=77): 72% of the participants were female; while 28% were male; 64% were African American and 36% were Caucasian. Average participants’ knowledge before the workshop was rated moderate compared to a rating of very high after the workshop. The impact of the training on building participants’ knowledge was as follows: 80% of the participants increased their knowledge concerning the environmental impacts of improperly disposing of PPCPs; 92% increased their knowledge of how prescription drugs affect human health; 96% increased their knowledge of street names commonly used for prescription drugs; and 76% showed knowledge gains concerning prescription drug abuse as an epidemic in America. Other findings revealed that over 60% of attendees at 2013 Future of the City Symposium were unaware of the National Drug Take-Back Initiative. An estimated 256 clients were trained through SerPIE workshops or/and participated in SerPIE seminars. Follow-up-surveys will be sent out to measurechanges in actions, like adoption of recommended BMPS and improved decision making by stakeholders. Element V: A PIE prescreening assessment of two commonly prescribed drugs was conducted in freshwater bodies of the Huntsville Spring Branch Watershed. Fifteen sampling sites were selected based on location and geo-referenced using a Garmin GPSMAP 78sc. At total of forty-five samples were analyzed for the hormone, estradiol using Estradiol 17B by Immunoassay and the antibiotic, fluroquinolone using Fluoroquinolones by ELISA. In-situ measurements for water pH, conductivity, and temperature were determined using an YSI Extended Deployment System (EDS) (YSI, 2006). Field measurements revealed minimal differences in pH and temperature and notable spatial variation in conductivity, which ranged from 263.9 to 411.6 mS/cm. Although four of the fifteen sites showed detections for estradiol, no detections were observed for fluoroquinolone. The detections for estradiol ranged from 3.05 to 5.27 ng/L; sites 10 and 11 also showed multiple detections for estradiol. This indicates that there is a need for more intensive research activities in this area. This prescreening project provided baseline data to support SerPIE and future prescreening assessments. Element VI: Plans are under way for developing the guidelines and selection procedures for the Agricultural Science Extension Mentorship Program (ASEMP). Advisors of complimentary institutionalized programs like the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) have been consulted and potential mentors have been contacted.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
P. Carter, D. Heubach, R. Robinson, M. Garner, K. Garner and P. Okweye. 2013. Assessing Impacts of an Environmental Assessment and Residential Stewardship Program. In Proceedings of the Water Education Summit, September 24-26. Chattanooga, TN.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Okweye, P., K. Garner and T. Tsegaye. 2013. Occurrence and Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and other Toxic Industrial Chemical Pollutants in the Lower Tennessee River Basin. International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Pharmaceutical Research. 4(1):31-45. http://www.ijcepr.in/current-issue.htmlP.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Alabama Cooperative Extension System. 2013. Outcomes of the Synergistic Efforts to Reduce Pharmaceutical Impacts on the Environment (SerPIE) Program. Forestry, Wildlife and Natural Resources. Programs and People. June. EX-0160.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Golson-Garner. K. 2012. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Metro News. April-June vol.9,no.3. Reprinted in the 2013 Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Green Living Expo Sponsorship Booklet.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
M. Leite-Browning, K. Garner and D. Heubach. 2013. Citronelle Producers Learn the Basics about Small Ruminant and Environmental Sustainability. ACES ACF Blog Goat Management
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
K. Garner. 2012. Enhancing Capacity in Environmental Animal and Human Health through Extension Outreach. Alabama Cooperative Extension System Success Story. Internet Online Publication.
http://www.aces.edu/urban/AdmServAAMU/documents/EnhncingEducationthroughExtensionOutreach.pdf
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
K. Garner, P. Okweye and T. Warren. 2012. ACES Takes Part in Madison County's Prescription Drug Take-Back Initiative. Alabama Cooperative Extension System Success Story. Internet Online Publication.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
M. Leite-Browning, D. Huebach and K. Garner. 2013. Alabama Producers Learn the Basics about Small Ruminant and Environmental Sustainability. Alabama Cooperative Farming News
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
K. Golson-Garner and P. Okweye. 2013. Assessing Pharmaceutical Drug Levels in the Huntsville Spring Branch Watershed. In Proceedings of the Water Education Summit, September 24-26. Chattanooga, TN.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
P. Okweye and K. Golson-Garner. 2013. Occurrence and Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and other Toxic Industrial Chemical Pollutants in the Lower Tennessee River Basin. In Proceedings of the Water Education Summit, September 24-26. Chattanooga, TN.
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