Source: UNIV OF ARKANSAS submitted to NRP
ATTRIBUTABLE FACTORS TO RICE STRAIGHTHEAD AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL EVALUATION SITE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0230624
Grant No.
2012-38814-20094
Cumulative Award Amt.
$499,926.00
Proposal No.
2012-02440
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2012
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2016
Grant Year
2012
Program Code
[EQ]- Research Project
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF ARKANSAS
(N/A)
PINE BLUFF,AR 71601
Performing Department
Department of Agriculture
Non Technical Summary
Straighthead is a physiological disorder and the most damaging non-fungal disease in rice. Grain yield can be totally lost from straighthead. This occurs every year with an increasing frequency in Arkansas where about 50% of US rice is produced. The exact cause of straighthead is unknown. The current management to prevent straighthead is draining fields about 2 weeks after a permanent flood, drying the soil until rice leaves exhibit drought stress symptoms, and then re-flooding the field. The draining wasted 151 million m3 water and the re-flooding cost $ 7.443 million in 2009. The symptoms of arsenic (As) injury to rice are similar to straighthead. Therefore, incorporation of As in the form of monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) has become the only method of evaluating rice susceptibility to straighthead for new cultivars in the Uniform Rice Regional Nursery (URRN) jointly in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas. Evaluation based on the MSMA amendment must be abandoned sooner or later because of the pollution to soil and grand water. Therefore, a natural site for straighthead evaluation is essential for the rice states. The discovery of a natural site at the UAPB farm has set a solid foundation for this project, and such a site has never been reported anywhere else. Comparative study of straighthead between the natural and simulated sites would be more effective to elucidate the attributive factors than previous studies. Straighthead information from the natural site should be more applicable to farmer fields than that obtained from the simulated site through soil amendment with MSMA. Establishment of a natural site for straighthead evaluation will serve national rice breeders for germplasm selection and cultivar improvement in the URRN system. Completion of this project will result in: 1) An upgraded lab for agronomic research and education at UAPB; 2) Establishment of a natural site for straighthead evaluation; 3) Well-trained personnel. The upgraded agronomy lab will be an important achievement because it will allow UAPB to develop an excellent straighthead research center after this project. The lab will be used for research and student training, especially graduate student training. After completion of this project, straighthead evaluation in the URRN could be conducted in the newly established UAPB natural site. UAPB will build a professional tie with those states where they current evaluate straighthead in URRN, and the tie will broaden UAPB's capacity in agriculture for future research endeavors and education. The upgraded lab will enhance UAPB capacity to develop a research analysis center for straighthead and related problems, and increase the capacity for UAPB to do further research of soil and crop beyond this project. Through the collaboration with Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center where both personnel and resources are on the top of national or even international level of rice research, the UAPB capabilities on both research and teaching could be effectively advanced. The proposed project will build capacity to increase UAPB's ability to conduct similar or new research activities afterwards.
Animal Health Component
25%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
25%
Developmental
25%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2041530102075%
2041530108025%
Knowledge Area
204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest);

Subject Of Investigation
1530 - Rice;

Field Of Science
1080 - Genetics; 1020 - Physiology;
Goals / Objectives
The overall goal of this proposed research is to increase food production through reducing the impact of straighthead disorder on rice production, identification of attributive factors of straighthead, screening resistant germplasm, and development of natural evaluation site that would lead to an efficient and economical way to control this disease by saving costs of farming, water resources and energy supply. Objectives: 1) Determine the soil, plant, and environmental factors that are related to straighthead disorder in both the UAPB natural and DBNRRC MSMA amended sites, 2) Determine germplasm accessions resistant to straighthead identically in both the UAPB natural and DBNRRC -MSMA amended sites, 3) Develop a natural site for straighthead evaluation and research in the future, from which research accomplishments could be directly applied to farmer fields. Activities: Test 100 germplasm accessions from USDA rice gene bank at both UAPB and DBNRRC in year 1. In year 2, test accessions with similar straighthead score in both sites from year 1 and analyze soil, water and plant samples. In year 3, test resistant accessions in both sites and farmer fields where straighthead occurs frequently. Products: Publish at least 4 journal papers; Train two graduate students and three undergraduate students of UAPB; Establish a natural site for straighthead research and evaluation; Expand UAPB capacity of the soil and agronomy lab for research and teaching; Establish interdisciplinary and multi-institutional collaboration. Service: Provide information to rice growers on plant, soil and genetics factors attributable to straighthead. Release the selected resistant germplasm accessions along with agronomic and quality characteristics to breeders for cultivar improvement. Dissemination: The findings will be disseminated by presentations at conferences, journal publications and extension bulletins. These publications will be related to characterization of the impact of straighthead disease to rice production, screening the USDA rice gene bank for genetic resources resistant to straighthead disease and development of resistant germplasm for cultivar improvement. We will present the results in various conferences each year, including 1890 Association of Research Directors, Annual Meeting of the American Society of Agronomy, and Rice Technical Working Group. Four papers developed from the outcomes of this project will be sent for publication in various journals including Soil Science Society of America Journal, Agronomy Journal and Crop Science. Finally, we will submit the progress report annually for the first two years and the comprehensive report for the conclusions of this research to USDA-NIFA at the end of the third year. We will also publish 3 extension bulletins through UAPB Cooperative Extension Program and distribute the bulletins to rice growers or farmers through UAPB extension service local offices. We will regularly communicate with the USDA-NIFA project manager with regard to the progress, and make the critical findings instantly available to the USDA officials for their policy-making process.
Project Methods
1. One hundred germplasm accessions will be tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications at both sites. Maturity measured by date when 50% of panicles emerge from the sheath will be recorded for each accession during the season. At the end of the season, grain yield and plant height will be measured and straighthead symptoms will be scored with 0 - 9 rating scale. 2. Cultivars resistant, intermediate, and susceptible to straighthead, scored as 0-3, 4-6, and 7-9 respectively, selected from the first year will be grown in a RCBD. Soil, plant and water samples will be collected from each plot every month from planting to harvesting. Heading dates will be recorded during the season. Plant height, grain yield, and straighthead scores will be recorded at the end of season. 3. Panicle samples will be collected every week from heading to maturity. The collected samples will be analyzed for nutrient content using the ICP-OES. A subsample of ground plant samples will be used to determine total N concentration by the Kjeldahl procedure. Plant and soil measurements, agronomic characteristics and straighthead ratings from the entire project will be subjected to an analysis of variance (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, N.C.) to determine significant differences among cultivars and between the MSMA-amended and natural sites. A correlation and regression analysis will be conducted to reveal the relationship of measured variables between the MSMA-amended and natural sites, to characterize the resulting accessions in agronomic characteristics, and confirm straighthead resistance in experiments of year 3 and farmer's fields. Evaluation: Success of this project will be mainly measured by three indicators: education (30%), intellectual (40%), and capacity building (30%) of the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB). Education success will be evaluated by the number of students trained through this project. During the three-year period, a total of three undergraduate students will be educated and trained in field and lab techniques of experimental design, sample collection and analysis. Two graduate students will be trained in designing experiments and will conduct research for their master's degree thesis in Agriculture Regulations . Intellectual success will be evaluated by the number of presentations given in academic conferences, and scientific papers published in national and international journals based on the research results, usage of the natural station for straighthead research in rice community, and change of rice farming by abandoning the draining and drying practice because of commercialization of resistant cultivars in the future. Capacity building success will be evaluated by the establishment of the on-going collaborative research with the state-of-the-art US National Rice Research Center federal agency under this 1890 Capacity Building program, and improvement of the UAPB soils and agronomy lab for expanding teaching and research scale.

Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The audience who had been reached by the researchincluded faculty, students, staff, farmers,scientists, and agents. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1. Trained four graduate students andthree undergraduate students by this project. 2. Field dayintroduced straighthead disorder toaudience (students, farmers and agents) what is the rice straighthead disease and how the straighthead reduce rice yields. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research data had been presented as posters and abstracts in Rural Conference and ASA, CSSA, and SSSA conference. Journal papers of the results had published. Research information had been released to public by facebook and news letter of UAPB. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. Two graduate students will complete their theses and graduated in Decmber 2016. 2.Four joural papers are in process. 8. Final report will be done to complete this project.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Finish three years field experiments in Asenic amemdment field and natural field for evaluation straighthead disease of rice and indentification of straighthead resistant varieties. 2. Finished 2 greenhouse experiments of the effect of Calcium on the reduction of straighthead of rice. 3. Finishedtwo year field experiment for Calcium application on the reducing straighthead on a natural soil where the straighthead naturally occurred. 4. Finishedtwo year experiment of the affact of hight temperature to the rice straighthead. 5. Two graduate students had graduated by 2015. 6. Two undergraduate students had been trained during summer rice growing season.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Huang, B.H. and Yan, Z.B. (2016) Straighthead and Agronomy Characters Testing for Selected Parent Lines and Hybrid Combinations at UAPB in 2011-2012. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 1423-1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.710136 Yuanyuan Li, Sangita Tiwari Pokharel, Surendra Singh, Meghnath Pokharel, Sixte Ntamatungiro, Anna McClung, and Bihu Huang*. 2016. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal.Vol. 15-16:5-15. Bihu Huang and Zongbu Yan. 2015. Utilizing Dominant Early Maturity Genes of Sterile Line UP-3s in Hybrid Rice Breeding to Avoid High Temperature Season. America Journal of Plant Science. Vol. 6, October 2015. PP. 2596-2602. Li Yuangyuan, Bihu Huang*, Ntamatungiron Sixte, and Tiwari Pokhrel Sangita. 2015. The Effect of Calcium and Nitrogen on Rice straighthead and Seed Set Rate on a Silt Loam Soil. Arkansas Evironmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal. Vol. 14 P19-23. Bihu Huang, Wei zhou, Haizheng Xiong, Tiffany Sookaserm, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Yuanyuan Li, and Sixte Ntamatungiro. 2014. Calcium Application Decreases Straighthead and Increase Seed Set in Rice in a Silt Loam Soil. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal.Vol. 13:26-29 ( It may hadn't reported in 2014)
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Evaluating Straighthead of rice on the native and Arsenic Amendment Soil as well as the effects of Calcium & Nitrogen on the reducing straighthead on a Native soil. By Yuanyuan Li. Submitted to University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. SOIL AND PLANT NUTRIENTS RELATED TO RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) STRAIGHTHEAD DISEASE IN NATURAL AND INDUCED SITES. By Sangita Tiwari Pokhrel. Submitted to University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bihu Huang and Zongbu Yan. 2016. Straighthead Testing for Selection of parent lines and hybrid combinations at UAPB in 2011-2012. Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) conference, Galveston, TX. March 1-4, 2016. Surendra Singh, Meghnath Pokharel and Sixte Ntamatungiro, Bihu Huang. 2016.The effect of temperature during the panicle differentiation with the interaction of calcium application on straighthead of rice. Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) conference, Galveston, TX. March 1-4, 2016. Meghnath Pokharel*, Surendra Singh, Bihu Huang. 2016. The effect of calcium application on reducing the straighthead of rice in a field where the straighthead naturally induced. Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) conference, Galveston, TX. March 1-4, 2016. Yuanyuan Li, Sangita Tiwari Pokhrel and Sixte Ntamatungiro, Bihu Huang. 2016. Evaluation of the effect of Calcium and Nitrogen on Rice Straighthead and Seed Set Rate Using Native Soils Which Induce Straighthead Disorder on Rice. Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) conference, Galveston, TX. March 1-4, 2016. Yuanyuang Li, Sangita Tiwari, Sixte Ntamatungiro, and Bihu Huang. 2015. The Effect of Calcium and Nitrogen On Rice Straighthead and Seed Set Rate on A Silt Loam Soil. p.23. Abstract of a poster in Proceedings of 59th Annual Rural Life Conference, UAPB, SAFHS. February 27, 2015. Pokhrel, S. Tiwari S. Ntamatungiro and B. Huang. 2015. Soil and plant factors associated with straighthead disease of rice. p. 27. Abstract of a poster in Proceedings of 59th Annual Rural Life Conference, UAPB, SAFHS. February 27, 2015. Bihu Huang, Wei zhou, Haizheng Xiong, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Yuanyuan Li, and Sixte Ntamatungiro.2014. Calcium May Help Decrease Rice Straighthead in a Silt Loam Soil, RTWG meeting, Abstract. Feburary 18-21, 2014.(Not reported in 2014) Bihu Huang, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Gregory L. Berger, Christopher W. Deren, Wei Zhou, Yuanyuan Li, Sixte Ntamatungrio. 2014. Grain yield and Yield ComponantsComponents of Twelve Conventional and Twelve Hybrid Lines in a Straighthead Naturally Occurred. Abstract. RTWG meeting, Feburary 18-21, 2014.(Not reported in 2014)
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Wengui Yan, Karen Moldenhauer, Wei Zhou, Haizheng Xiong, and Bihu Huang. 2014 Book: Rice - Germplasm, Genetics and Improvement, Chapter 8 Rice Straighthead Disease  Prevention, Germplasm, Gene Mapping and DNA Markers for Breeding. InTech Journals. Published on 23 April, 2014.(Not reported in 2014)


Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, faculty, students, agences Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Four under graduate and four graduate students have been trained in this project,including one female under and two female graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Abstracts and presentations in the conferences include Annual Rural Life Conference, RTWG meeting, ASA, CSSA, SSA meeting, ARD meeting. Research information has released by Facebook and news letter of UAPB. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Finished three years field experiments in Arsenic amendment field and natural field for evaluation straighthead disease of rice and identification of straighthead resistant varieties. 2. Finished 2 greenhouse experiments of the effect of Calcium on the reduction of straighthead of rice. 3. Finished two year field experiment for lime application on the reducing straighthead on a natural soil where the straighthead naturally occurred. 4. Finished two year experiment of the effect of high temperature to the rice straighthead. 5. A total of 4 graduate students had been trained in this project. Two had graduated in 2015, and 2 will graduate in 2016. Two graduate students were female. 6. Four undergraduate students had been trained in this project. One undergraduate student was female. 7. Two times Field-day introduced what is the rice straighthead disease and how the straighthead reduce rice yields to audience (Total of 1000 farmers, faculty, students, and agents). 8. One natural field for straighthead research has been developing.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Huang, B.H. and Yan, Z.B. (2016) Straighthead and Agronomy Characters Testing for Selected Parent Lines and Hybrid Combinations at UAPB in 2011-2012. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 1423-1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.710136 Yuanyuan Li, Sangita Tiwari Pokharel, Surendra Singh, Meghnath Pokharel, Sixte Ntamatungiro, Anna McClung, and Bihu Huang*. 2016. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal.Vol. 15-16:5-15. Huang, B.H. and Yan, Z.B. 2015. Utilizing Dominant Early Maturity Genes of Sterile Line UP-3s in Hybrid Rice Breeding to Avoid High Temperature Season. America Journal of Plant Science. Vol. 6, October 2015. PP. 2596-2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.616262 Yuanyuan Li, Bihu Huang*, Ntamatungiro Sixte, and iwari Pokhrel Sangita. 2015. The effct of Calcium and Nitrogen on Rice Straighthead and Seed Set Rate on A Silt Loam Soil. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal.Vol. 14:19-23. Wengui Yan, Karen Moldenhauer, Wei Zhou, Haizheng Xiong, and Bihu Huang. 2014 Book: Rice - Germplasm, Genetics and Improvement, Chapter 8 Rice Straighthead Disease  Prevention, Germplasm, Gene Mapping and DNA Markers for Breeding. InTech Journals. Published on 23 April, 2014. Bihu Huang, Wei zhou, Haizheng Xiong, Tiffany Sookaserm, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Yuanyuan Li, and Sixte Ntamatungiro. 2014. Calcium Application Decreases Straighthead and Increase Seed Set in Rice in a Silt Loam Soil. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal.Vol. 13:26-29 Bihu Huang, Sixte Ntamatungiro, Wengui Yan and Zongbu Yan. 2013. Economical Control of Straighthead Disease in Rice. Abstract. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal.Vol. 12:35. Huang, B., Z. Yan, C. Deren, and W. Yan. Effects of Temperature on Seed Setting of Male Sterile Lines in the UAPB Farm. 2012. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal in January, Vol. 11:23-25. Xuhao Pan, Qijun Zhang, Wengui Yan mail, Melissa Jia, Aaron Jackson, Xiaobai Li, Limeng Jia, Bihu Huang, Peizhou Xu, Fernando Correa-Victoria, Shigui Li. 2012. Development of Genetic Markers Linked to Straighthead Resistance through Fine Mapping in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) PLoS ONE 7(11): e52540. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052540. Jia, L.M., W.G. Yan, H.A. Agrama, K. Yeater, B. Huang, X.B. Li, K. Moldenhauer, A. McClung and D.X. Wu. 2012. Allelic analysis of sheath blight resistance with association mapping in rice. PLoS ONE 7(3): e32703. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032703 http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032703 Yan, W., B. Hu, Q. Zhang, L. Jia, A. Jacson, X. Pan, B. Huang, Z. Yan, and C. Deren. 2012. Short and erect rice (ser) mutant from Khao Dawk Mali 105 improves plant architecture. Plant Breeding http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01943.x/pdf .
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Thesis title: Evaluating Straighthead of rice on the native and Arsenic Amendment Soil as well as the effects of Calcium & Nitrogen on the reducing straighthead on a Native soil. Thesis title: Soil and plant nutrients related to rice (oryza sativa l.) straighthead disease in natural and induced sites
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Under Review Year Published: 2016 Citation: Thesis Title: effects of Highair temperatures during panicle differentiation with interaction of lime application on naturally induced straighthead of rice Thesis Title: the effect of calcium application on reducing the straighthead of rice in a field where the straighthead naturally induced
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Bihu Huang and Zongbu Yan. 2016. Straighthead Testing for Selection of parent lines and hybrid combinations at UAPB in 2011-2012. Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) conference, Galveston, TX. March 1-4, 2016. Surendra Singh, Meghnath Pokharel and Sixte Ntamatungiro, Bihu Huang. 2016.The effect of temperature during the panicle differentiation with the interaction of calcium application on straighthead of rice. Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) conference, Galveston, TX. March 1-4, 2016. Meghnath Pokharel*, Surendra Singh, Bihu Huang. 2016. The effect of calcium application on reducing the straighthead of rice in a field where the straighthead naturally induced. Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) conference, Galveston, TX. March 1-4, 2016. Yuanyuan Li, Sangita Tiwari Pokhrel and Sixte Ntamatungiro, Bihu Huang. 2016. Evaluation of the effect of Calcium and Nitrogen on Rice Straighthead and Seed Set Rate Using Native Soils Which Induce Straighthead Disorder on Rice. Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) conference, Galveston, TX. March 1-4, 2016. Wengui Yan, Karen Moldenhauer, Wei Zhou, Haizheng Xiong, and Bihu Huang. 2014 Book: Rice - Germplasm, Genetics and Improvement, Chapter 8 Rice Straighthead Disease  Prevention, Germplasm, Gene Mapping and DNA Markers for Breeding. InTech Journals. Published on 23 April, 2014. Huang, B.H, Yan, Z.B. and Yan, W.G. 2012. Rice Straighthead Performance of Twelve Lines for Three Years in the Natural Conditions. Abstract. The Rice Technical Working Groups 34th Meeting on Feb. 27-March1, 2012. Huang, B.H, Yan, Z.B. and Yan, W.G. Differential Responses of Breeding Strains to Straighthead. Abstract. ASA_CSSA_SSSA meeting. October 2013. Cincinnati, OH Huang, B.H., Yan, Z.B., Deren, C.W., Yan, W.G., and McClung, A.M. 2012. Evaluation of Sterility and Fertility of Male Sterile Lines in the UAPB Farm. Abstract. The Rice Technical Working Groups 34th Meeting on Feb. 27-March1, 2012. Yan, W., Hu, B., Zhang, Q., Jia, L., Jackson, A., Huang, B., Yan, Z., and Deren, C. 2012. Various Mutants Derived from Khao Dawk Mali 105 Using gamma radiation,. Abstract. The Rice Technical Working Groups 34th Meeting on Feb. 27-March1, 2012. Huang, B.H., Yan, Z.B., Deren, C.W., Yan, W.G., and McClung, A.M. 2012. Evaluation of Sterility and Fertility of Male Sterile Lines in the UAPB Farm. Abstract. The Rice Technical Working Groups 34th Meeting on Feb. 27-March1, 2012. Yan, W., Hu, B., Zhang, Q., Jia, L., Jackson, A., Huang, B., Yan, Z., and Deren, C. 2012. Various Mutants Derived from Khao Dawk Mali 105 Using gamma radiation,. Abstract. The Rice Technical Working Groups 34th Meeting on Feb. 27-March1, 2012.


Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, USDA agent, students, faculty and staff. Changes/Problems:No cost extension of one year. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A total of 4 graduate students have enrolled in the school, participated in the field experiments, sample collection and sample analysis in lab according to their graduate proposals for theses. two undergraduate students, as the research assistant are participating in the summer field and lab training. An additional technician is overseeing field studies at the Stuttgart site and helping with studies at UAPB field site. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The experimental plots were demonstrated at the Field Day to rice farmers, students, and faculty and staff. Some of the experimental results were published in Journal, and presented at the national Rice Technical Working Group conference in February 2014. Data were presented at 59th Rural Conference, hosted by University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff in Feburary 2015, to the farmers, agents, students and faculty & staff. Two papers have accepted by journals and two abstract have been submitted to ASA, CSSA, and SSSA annual meeting in 2015. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will report the summary of three years of research. The report also will include suggestion for application of what we have found, a summary of publications and presentations, and suggestions for research beyond this project. Four graduate students will graduate and three undergraduate students will be trained.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2013, 100 rice accessions selected from the USDA germplasm collection were uniformly evaluated for straighthead statewide in MSMA amended soil in Stuttgart and natural soils in UAPB, Pine Bluff and Newport, Arkansas, with four replications in each location. Straighthead disease was evaluated and the seed set per panicle was counted.Numerous accessions of national and international germplasm have been identified to be highly resistant to straighthead disease in both the MSMA amended soil at Stuttgart and natural soil at the UAPB. The identified resistant germplasm accessions can be used for cultivar improvement to control straighthead via genetics which would result in a savings irrigation costs and water resources, the cultural management method currently used by rice farmers for control. Germplasm response to straighthead in the MSMA soil is highly correlated with it in the natural soil, thus studying this disease in the natural soil could be beneficial as use of MSMA is being restricted. A Calcium treatment study had conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the effects of reducing rice Straighthead disorder. In 2014, 50 rice accessions of susceptible and medium resistant to straighthead were selected from the 100 rice accessions that used in 2013, and planted in both the MSMA amended soil in Stuttgart and natural soil in UAPB to evaluate the repeatability of straighthead. The objective of the study was to confirm the 2014 reactions and assess environmental factors that may be associated with the response. Soil, plant and water samples were taken from both site fields for nutrient analysis. In addition, a repeated Calcium treatment experiment was conducted in greenhouse to evaluate the effects of reducing rice Straighthead disorder. Lab data are still in process. In 2015, 45 varieties include 20 accessions from the previous two years studies with the straighthead resistance score of 4-9, and 25 new lines will be tested for the straighthead resistance in the natural site in UAPB and MSMA amended soil in Stuttgart, Arkansas. Calcium experiment had been conducted in greenhouse in the past two years, and the Calcium had greatly reduced straighthead and increased the seed set. As a follow up, a Calcium treatment experiment was initiated in the field in 2015 to test the effect of Calcium reducing straighthead under natural field conditions. Forty-three accessions were used in the Calcium experiment which include 25 new lines, 5 hybrids, and 13 conventional gemplasm accessions with high and low resistance to straighthead.

Publications

  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Wengui Yan, Karen Moldenhauer, Wei Zhou, Haizheng Xiong, and Bihu Huang. 2014 Book: Rice - Germplasm, Genetics and Improvement, Chapter 8 Rice Straighthead Disease  Prevention, Germplasm, Gene Mapping and DNA Markers for Breeding. InTech Journals. Published on 23 April, 2014
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Bihu Huang, Sixte Ntamatungiro, Wengui Yan and Zongbu Yan. 2013. Economical Control of Straighthead Disease in Rice. Abstract. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal.Vol. 12:35.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bihu Huang, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan and Christopher Deren. 2014. Changes of Sterility to Some Two line System Male Sterilers in Different Rice Growing Seasons at Pine Bluff, AR USA. Accepted by The Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yuanyuang Li, Sangita Tiwari, Sixte Ntamatungiro, and Bihu Huang. 2015. The Effect of Calcium and Nitrogen On Rice Straighthead and Seed Set Rate on A Silt Loam Soil. p.23. Abstract of a poster in Proceedings of 59th Annual Rural Life Conference, UAPB, SAFHS. February 27, 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bihu Huang, Wei zhou, Haizheng Xiong, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Yuanyuan Li, and Sixte Ntamatungiro.2014. Calcium May Help Decrease Rice Straighthead in a Silt Loam Soil, RTWG meeting, Abstract. Feburary 18-21, 2014.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Pokhrel, S. Tiwari S. Ntamatungiro and B. Huang. 2015. Soil and plant factors associated with straighthead disease of rice. p. 27. Abstract of a poster in Proceedings of 59th Annual Rural Life Conference, UAPB, SAFHS. February 27, 2015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Bihu Huang, Wei zhou, Haizheng Xiong, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Yuanyuan Li, and Sixte Ntamatungiro. 2013. Calcium Application Decreases Straighthead and Increase Seed Set in Rice. 2013 ASA, CSSA, SSA meeting, Nov 3-Nov 7, 2013.


Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Two graduate students have enrolled in the school, participated in the field experiments, sample collection and lab analysis of the samples according to their graduate proposals for theses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The experimental plots were demonstrated in Field Day to rice farmers, school students and staffs. Some of the experimental results was published in Journal, andpresented in national rice conference of February 2014. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Ten germplasm accessions with statistically similar straighthead symptoms from resistance to susceptibility in both the sites of two years will be selected, and arranged with two commercial check cultivars in a RCBD with four replications in a wider plot including six rows, 10 ft long and 1 ft row spacing.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2013, 100 rice accessions selected from the USDA germplasm collection were evaluated for straighthead statewide in MSMA amended soil of Stuttgart and natural soils of the UAPB, Pine Bluff and Newport, Arkansas, four replications in each location. Straighthead disease had been evaluated, the seed set rate had been counted. In 2014, 50 rice accessions of susceptible and medium resistant to straighthead were selected from the 100 rice accessions that used in 2013, and planted in both the MSMA amended soil of Stuttgart and natural soil of the UAPB. Soil, plant and water samples had been taken from both site fields for the nutrients analysis. A Ca treatment experiment was conducted in greenhouse to evaluate the effects of reducing rice Straighthead disorder.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bihu Huang, Wei zhou, Haizheng Xiong, Tiffany Sookaserm, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Yuanyuan Li, and Sixte NtamatungiroCalcium Application Decreases Straighthead and Increase Seed Set in Rice in a Silt Loam Soil. 2014 Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal.Vol. 13:26-29 Bihu Huang, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan and Christopher Deren. Changes of Sterility to Some Two line System Male Sterilers in Different Rice Growing Seasons at Pine Bluff, AR USA. Accepted by The Journal of Southwest Agriculture Bihu Huang, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Gregory L. Berger, Christopher W. Deren, Wei Zhou, Yuanyuan Li, Sixte Ntamatungrio. Grain yield and Yield ComponantsComponents of Twelve Conventional and Twelve Hybrid Lines in a Straighthead Naturally Occurred. Poster. RTWG meeting, Feburary 18-21, 2014.


Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Rice researchers and rice farmers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Two graduate students have enrolled in the school, participated in the field experiments, sample collection and lab analysis of the samples according to their graduate proposals for theses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The experimental plots were demonstrated in Field Day to rice farmers, school students and staffs. The experimental results will be presented in national rice conference of February 2014. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Selecting resistant, intermediate and susceptible accessions with statistically similar straighthead symptoms in both the amended and natural sites; arranging them in larger plots in both the sites, and collecting soil, water, plant and root samples periodically for lab analyses. Additionally, soil and plant samples from farmer’s fields with severe straighthead infestation will be collected and analyzed for nutrient contents

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2013, 100 rice accessions selected from the USDA germplasm collection were uniformly evaluated for straighthead statewide in MSMA amended soil of Stuttgart and natural soils of the UAPB, Pine Bluff and Newport, Arkansas, four replications in each location. Numerous accessions of international germplasm have been identified to be highly resistant to straighthead disease in both the MSMA amended soil of Stuttgart and natural soil of the UAPB. Using the identified resistant germplasm accessions for cultivar improvement could control this disease via genetics, and save money and water resources for rice farmers. Germplasm response to straighthead in the MSMA soil is highly correlated with it in the natural soil, thus studying this disease in the natural soil could be beneficial for environmental protection.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Huang, B., Z. Yan,J. You. Resistance Inheritance of 5 Cultivars to Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Blast (Magnaporthe grisea) Races IB-1, IE-1k and IG-1 of USA. 2012 Journal of Guizhou Agricultural Science 40(7):15-20. Huang, B., Z. Yan, C. Deren, and W. Yan. Effects of Temperature on Seed Setting of Male Sterile Lines in the UAPB Farm. 2012. Arkansas Environmental, Agricultural and Consumer Sciences Journal in January, Vol. 11:23-25. Xuhao Pan, Qijun Zhang, Wengui Yan mail, Melissa Jia, Aaron Jackson, Xiaobai Li, Limeng Jia, Bihu Huang, Peizhou Xu, Fernando Correa-Victoria, Shigui Li. 2012. Development of Genetic Markers Linked to Straighthead Resistance through Fine Mapping in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) PLoS ONE 7(11): e52540. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052540. Huang, B.H, Yan, Z.B. and Yan, W.G. 2012. Rice Straighthead Performance of Twelve Lines for Three Years in the Natural Conditions. Abstract. The Rice Technical Working Groups 34th Meeting on Feb. 27-March1, 2012. Huang, B.H., Yan, Z.B., Deren, C.W., Yan, W.G., and McClung, A.M. 2012. Evaluation of Sterility and Fertility of Male Sterile Lines in the UAPB Farm. Abstract. The Rice Technical Working Groups 34th Meeting on Feb. 27-March1, 2012. Yan, W., Hu, B., Zhang, Q., Jia, L., Jackson, A., Huang, B., Yan, Z., and Deren, C. 2012. Various Mutants Derived from Khao Dawk Mali 105 Using gamma radiation,. Abstract. The Rice Technical Working Groups 34th Meeting on Feb. 27-March1, 2012. Bihu Huang, Wei zhou, Haizheng Xiong, Zongbu Yan, Wengui Yan, Yuanyuan Li, and Sixte Ntamatungiro. Calcium May Help Decrease Rice Straighthead in a Silt Loam Soil, 2013 ASA, CSSA, SSA meeting, Nov 3-Nov 7, 2013.