Progress 08/01/12 to 07/31/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Diverse groups of undergraduate and graduate students at Fort Valley State University gained hands-on experiences in meat and dairy products from small ruminants.Research outcomes were informed to scientists and scholars through presentations atnational and international scientific meetings. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students gained hands-on experiences to encapsulate oil/fat or water soluble compounds within protein matrix using food processing equipment, and utilized this encapsulating technique to develop rumen-escape dietary supplements containing fish oil and vitamin E/C. Furthermore, the project also provided a chance to expose the students to involve in animal feeding and to use analytical instruments such as gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrometers, for analyzing fatty acid, tocopherol, and ascorbic acid contents, respectively, in feeding materials and blood serum, milk and edible tissues of small ruminants. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research outcomes were informed to scientists and scholars through presentations atnational and international scientific meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Research was conducted to determine the efficacy of a delivery system to protect fat soluble compounds in ruminant diets. First, a lactation study was executed to evaluate the effects of feeding newly developed rumen-escape dietary supplements (REDS) containing 14 % (w/w) fish oil [eicosapentaenoic (EPA; C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; C22:6n3) acids] with dl-alpha tocopheryl (759 IU vitamin E/kg) alone or in combination with L-ascorbic acid (5,488 IU vitamin C/kg) in chemically treated protein on fatty acid compositions and alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid concentrations of blood serum and milk, as well as on milk composition in lactating goats. The REDS were prepared with fish oil, defatted soy flour, acetaldehyde and dl-alpha tocopheryl either with or without L-ascorbic acid. Nine Saanen lactating goats were divided into groups of 3 and randomly assigned to 3 diets using a 3 x 3 Latin square design with 17-d periods. The 3 diets consisted of a basal diet containing alfalfa meal, yellow corn and soybean meal, plus either poultry fat (PF; 95% BD + 5% PF), REDS with dl-alpha tocopheryl alone (vitamin E; REDS-E; 70.7% BD + 29.3% REDS-E), or in combination with L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C; REDS-EC; 70.7% BD + 29.3% REDS-EC). Each period consisted of a 14-d adjustment to assigned diets followed by 3-d of milking collection. The designated diet was provided once daily ad libitum at individual feeding station. Blood samples were collected from individual goats at the end of each feeding period, which were analyzed for alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and fatty acid composition. Furthermore, the collected milk samples from each goat were also analyzed for basic nutrients, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and fatty acid composition. Average daily intakes of diets containing REDS were significantly lower than a diet containing PF. No significant differences were found in the concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and omega-3 fatty acids in blood serum of goats fed the experimental diets. However, compared with goat fed PF-diet, goats fed the REDS containing diets had significantly higher concentrations of EPA and DHA in their milk. There were no significant differences in the contents of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in milk from goats fed the 3 different diets. Secondly, a feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of feeding the REDS containing dl-alpha tocopheryl alone (REDS-E) or in combination with L-ascorbic acid (REDS-EC) as described in the lactation trial on fatty acid compositions and alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid concentrations of blood serums and edible tissues, as well as on carcass traits and meat quality parameters of lambs. For a 49-d feeing trial, lambs (n = 24) were housed in six pens in an experimental barn with four lambs per pen. Forage was provided as orchard grass hay pellets and three diets were offered on a rational basis to all lambs at 2% body weight. Lambs were allocated at random to one of three diets, consisted of a control diet (CD) containing cracked corn, soybean meal, feed lime and molasses, or CD (86.7%) plus either 13.3 % of REDS-E or REDS-EC. Body weights were recorded and blood samples were collected from individual animals on d 1, 14, 28, 42, and 49. After the 49-d feeding, lambs were harvested using USDA standard procedures, and their carcass characteristics were evaluated. Furthermore, fat depots samples and loin chops were collected from individual carcasses to analyze for proximate composition, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and fatty acid composition, as well as fresh meat color (CIE L* a* b*) values, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values and cooking loss, myoglobin (Mb) and metmyoglobin (MetMb) contents, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values. Average daily weight gain (ADG) of lambs was not significantly influenced by the experimental diets. Furthermore, the carcass traits of lambs were not significantly affected by the REDS containing diets. There were no significant differences in the values of TBARS, WBSF and cooking loss, as well as the concentrations of Mb and MetMb in loin chops from lambs fed the experimental diets. However, CIE a* (redness) values of loin chops from lambs fed REDS-EC diet were lower than those from lambs fed CD or REDS-E diet. No significant differences were found in the concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and omega-3 fatty acids in blood serum of lambs fed the 3 different diets. However, compared with lambs fed PF-diet, lambs fed the REDS containing diets had significantly higher concentrations of EPA and DHA in their fat depots. There were no significant differences in the contents of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in edible tissues of lambs fed the 3 different diets. Findings from the research indicate that feeding lactating goats and feeder lambs with newly developed rumen-escape dietary supplements can protect fat soluble compounds such as vitamin E and polyunsaturated fat from ruminal degradation, and increase the contents of omega-3 fatty acids in the small ruminant milk and meat, subsequently.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
D. Kafle, J.H. Lee, S. Wildeus, A. Discua, and C. Tripp. 2017. Quality of fresh lamb from pasture-raised purebred and crossbred hair sheep lambs gradually removed from soy hull supplementation before harvest. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 4):332. (Abstr.).
D. Kafle, J.H. Lee, S. Wildeus, A. Discua, and C. Tripp. 2017. Fatty acid composition of different fat depots from purebred and crossbred hair sheep lambs gradually removed from soy hull supplementation before harvest. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 4):333. (Abstr.).
P. Dangal, B. Kouakou, C. L. Greene, J. H. Lee, and J.N. Sheed. 2017. Effects of DDGS and poultry fat as supplements for bermudagrass hay-based diet and blood metabolites, growth, meat and carcass characteristic of spanish goats. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 4):333. (Abstr.).
T. L. Williams, B. Kouakou, and J.H. Lee. 2017. Effects of replacing corn and soybean meal with dried distillers grains with solubles on blood metabolites, milk yield and composition of dairy goats during late lactation. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 4):334. (Abstr.).
C.L. Greene, B. Kouakou, P. Dangal, J.H. Lee, and J. N. Sheed. 2017. Effects of replacing corn with DDGS and poultry fat on performance and meat quality of lambs consuming bermudagrass hay. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 4):327. (Abstr.).
J.H. Lee, B. Lemma, and C. Alfred. 2017. Enhancing omega-3 fatty acids and alpha-tocopherols in caprine milk by feeding rumen-protected fish oil supplements. Abstract published in ABSTRACTS; 2017 AOCS Annual Meeting & Industry Showcases, p. 22.
D. Kafle, J.H. Lee, A. Discua, and C. Tripp. 2017. Quality parameters of chevon as influenced by either pine bark and sericea lespedeza alone or in combination. Abstract published in ARD 18th Biannual Research Symposium, p.53.
C. Tripp, J.H. Lee, D. Kafle, A. Discua, and S. Wildeus. 2017. Quality of fresh lamb from pasture-raised sheep as influenced by highly digestible fiber containing agro-byproducts. Abstract published in ARD 18th Biannual Research Symposium, p.51.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
A. S. Discua. 2017. Enhancing Nutrient Content of Goat Milk by Feeding Rumen Protected Supplements Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Antioxidant [M.S. thesis]. Fort Valley, GA: The Fort Valley State University. 57p. Available from: University Hunt Memorial Library, Fort Valley, GA.
C. J. Jeanjulien. 2017. Physicochemical Characteristics of Lamb as Influenced by Feeding Rumen Protected Dietary Supplements Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acid with Vitamin E and C [M.S. thesis]. Fort Valley, GA: The Fort Valley State University. 64p. Available from: University Hunt Memorial Library, Fort Valley, GA.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
J.H. Lee, B.R. Min, and B.B. Lemma. 2017. Quality characteristics of goat meat as influenced by tannin-rich pine bark. Small Rumin. Res. 146:28-32.
J.H. Lee, L. Alford, G. Kannan, B. Kouakou. 2017. Curing properties of sodium nitrite in restructured goat meat jerky. Int. J. Food Properties. 20:526-537.
|
Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided opportunities for graduate students to learn about encapsulating of oil and fat or water soluble vitamins within protein matrix using food processing equipment, and developing formulas for rumen-escape dietary supplements containing fish oil and vitamin E and C. Furthermore, it also has provided a chance to expose graduate students to gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and spectrometer techniques as they were involved in analyzing fatty acid, tocopherol, and vitamin C contents, respectively, in rumen-escape dietary supplements and blood serums, as well as meat and dairy products. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The newly produced rumen-escape dietary supplement containing fish oil and dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate either with or without L-ascorbic acid will be used for lactation and feeding trails to determine the efficiency of supplement-protected tocopherols, ascorbic acids and polyunsaturated fats deposition in goat milk and fresh lamb, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the increased levels of tocopherols alone and in combination with ascorbic acids on the oxidation rate in goat milk, as well as red meat color and shelf-life of fresh lamb stored in Styrofoam trays over-wrapped with polyvinylchloride will be assessed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Necessary feeder lambs and lactating goats were obtained from Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, and selected from the Georgia Small Ruminant Research and Extension Center at Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, respectively. Ingredients to prepare rumen-escape dietary supplements containing fish oil, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate and L-ascorbic acid were purchased. Fish oil, dl-alpha tocopheryl and L-ascorbic acid have been successfully entrapped in soy protein matrix generated by water, sodium hydroxide, caseinate, soyflour, lecithin, and GRAS chemical. Newly developed rumen-escape dietary supplements contained up to 14.0% (w/w) of fish oil, 759 IU/kg of vitamin E and 5,488IU/kg of vitamin C.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
J.H. Lee, B. Lemma, and C. Alfred. 2016. Physicochemical properties of goat milk fat as influenced by feeding fish oil entrapped in chemically treated protein matrices. Presented at the 107th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, Salt Lake City, UT, May, 2016
C. D. Santos, J.H. Lee, M.Y. Mu?oz, A. Discua, X. Ma, D. Kafle, and B. Kouakou. 2016. Quality of chevon chops as influenced by different packaging atmospheres. Presented at the 2016 Joint Annual Meeting (ASAS-ADSA-CSAS-WSASAS), Salt Lake City, UT, July, 2016.
M.Y. Mu?oz, J.H. Lee, C. D. Santos, X. Ma, A. Discua, and B. Kouakou. 2016. Ground chevon as influenced by different concentrations of rosemary extracts. Presented at the 2016 Joint Annual Meeting (ASAS-ADSA-CSAS-WSASAS), Salt Lake City, UT, July, 2016.
C. Tripp, J.H. Lee, S. Wildeus, A. Discua, and D. Kafle. 2016. Fatty acid composition of different fat depots from hair and wool x hair crossbred lambs supplemented with highly digestible fiber containing agro-byproducts on pasture. Presented at the 2016 Joint Annual Meeting (ASAS-ADSA-CSAS-WSASAS), Salt Lake City, UT, July, 2016.
C. Tripp, J.H. Lee, S. Wildeus, A. Discua, and D. Kafle. Meat quality parameters of pasture-raised lamb chops as influenced by highly digestible fiber containing agro-byproducts. Presented at the 2016 IFT Annual Meeting & Food Expo, Chicago, IL, July, 2016.
C. Tripp, J.H. Lee, S. Wildeus, and B.B. Lemma. 2016. Use of agro-byproducts to supplement hair and wool x hair crossbred lambs grazing fescue pasture: carcass characteristics. Abstract published in 2016 ASAS Southern Section Book of Abstracts, p.50.
S. Wildeus, J.H. Lee, C.D. Teutsch, and T.J. Nartea. 2016. Use of agro-byproducts to supplement hair and wool x hair crossbred lambs grazing fescue pasture: growth and gastrointestinal parasites. Abstract published in 2016 ASAS Southern Section Book of Abstracts, p.50.
D.OBrien, S. Wildeus, T.J. Nartea, and J.H. Lee. 2016. The influence of breed and supplementation on consumer rating of meat quality attributes of pasture-raised ground lamb meat. Abstract published in 2016 ASAS Southern Section Book of Abstracts, p.52.
|
Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided opportunities for graduate students to learn about encapsulating of fish oil within protein matrix using food processing equipment, developing formulas for rumen-escape dietary supplements containing fish oil. Furthermore, it also has provided a chance to expose graduate students to gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques as they were involved in analyzing fatty acid and tocopherol contents in meat and dairy products. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The newly produced rumen-escape dietary supplement containing fish oil will be incorporated with tocopherols alone or in combination with ascorbic acids. Two different supplements will be used for a lactation or feeding trail to determine the efficiency of supplement-protected tocopherols and ascorbic acids and polyunsaturated fats deposition in goat milk or fresh lamb. Furthermore, the effects of the increased levels of tocopherols alone and in combination with ascorbic acids on the oxidation rate in fresh goat milk or the red meat color and shelf-life of fresh lamb stored in Styrofoam trays over-wrapped with polyvinylchloride will be assessed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Research was conducted to assess the effects of feeding newly developed rumen-escape dietary supplements (REDS) containing fish oil such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA; C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; C22:6n3) acids in chemically treated protein on fatty acid compositions and alpha-tocopherol concentrations of blood serum and milk, as well as on milk composition in lactating goats. The REDS were prepared with fish oil, defatted soy flour, and acetaldehyde. Nine Saanen lactating goats (4 yr old; BW = 48.3 ± 2.26 kg) were divided into groups of 3 and randomly assigned to 3 diets using a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 14-d periods. The 3 diets consisted of 95% basal diet containing alfalfa meal, yellow corn and soybean meal, plus 5.0% lipid from either poultry fat (PF), fish oil (FO) or REDS. Each period consisted of a 10-d adjustment to assigned diets followed by 4-d of milking collection. The designated diet was provided once daily ad libitum at individual feed stations. Blood samples were collected from individual goats at the end of each feeding period, which were analyzed for alpha-tocopherol and fatty acid composition. Furthermore, the collected milk samples from each goat were also analyzed for basic nutrients, alpha-tocopherol and fatty acid composition. Average daily intake of diet containing REDS was significantly lower than diets containing either PF or FO. The blood serum from goats fed REDS diet tended to have a higher amount of alpha-tocopherol than did those from goats fed either PF or FO diet. However, no significant differences were found in the amount of alpha-tocopherol in the milk samples from the 3 different diets. Compared with goats fed PF-diet, goats fed either FO- or REDS- diet had significantly higher concentrations of EPA, docosapentaenoic (C22:5n3), and DHA acids in their blood serum and milk. Furthermore, the concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood serums from either REDS- or FO-diet fed goats were similar even with a limited intake of REDS-diet; and the concentration of EPA in milk from goats fed REDS-diet was significantly higher than that from goats fed a FO-diet. Findings from this research indicate that feeding lactating goats with newly developed rumen-escape dietary supplements can protect omega-3 fatty acids from ruminal degradation and subsequently increased those contents in the blood serum and milk of lactating goats.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
J.H. Lee, C. Alfred, B.B. Lemma, B. Kouakou, and B.J. Min. 2015. Effects of feeding entrapped fish oil in a chemically treated protein matrix on milk composition of lactating goats. Present at the 2015 Joint ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2015.
C. Alfred, J.H. Lee, B.B. Lemma, B. Kouakou, and B.J. Min. 2015. Fatty acid composition and alpha-tocopherol content of blood serum from lactation goats fed entrapped fish oil in a chemically treated protein matrix. Present at the 2015 Joint ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2015.
J. O. Jones, J.H. Lee, B.R. Min, G. Kannan, and B. Kouakou. 2015 Quality parameters of goat meat as influenced by dietary condensed tannins from pine bark. Present at the 2015 Joint ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2015.
B.B. Lemma, J.H. Lee, B.R. Min, G. Kannan, and B. Kouakou. 2015. Fatty acid composition of different fat depots from meat goats supplemented with tannin-rich pine bark. Present at the 2015 Joint ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2015.
T. Witherspoon, J.H. Lee, B.B. Lemma, B.R. Min, G. Kannan, and B. Kouakou. 2015. Influence of dietary condensed tannins from pine bark and/or sericea lespedeza on chemical composition and quality of goat meat. Present at the 2015 Joint ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2015.
J.H. Lee, C. Alfred, T. Witherspoon, B.B. Lemma, B.R. Min, G. Kannan, and B. Kouakou. 2015. Fatty acid composition of different fat depots from meat goats supplemented with either tannin-rich pine bark and sericea lespedeza alone or in combination. Present at the 2015 Joint ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2015.
B.B. Lemma, J. H. Lee, S. Wildeus, G. Kannan, and B. Kouakou. 2015. Chemical composition and quality of fresh lamb from rationally grazed hair and wool x hair sheep lambs as influenced by soy hull supplementation. Present at the 2015 Joint ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2015.
B.B. Lemma, J. H. Lee, S. Wildeus, B. Kouakou, and G. Kannan. 2015. Fatty acid composition of different fat depots from hair and wool x hair sheep supplemented with soy hull on pasture. Present at the 2015 Joint ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 2015.
|
Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project has provided opportunities for graduate students to learn about encapsulating of fish oil within protein matrix using food processing equipment, developing formulas for rumen-escape dietary supplements containing fish oil, and preparing samples for a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and its operation. Furthermore, it also has provided a chance to expose graduate students to gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques as they were involved in analyzing fatty acid and tocopherol contents in rumen-escape dietary supplements. Students and research assistants also learned how to extract and prepare the samples for fatty acid and tocopherol analyses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The newly produced rumen-escape dietary supplement containing fish oil will be incorporated with tocopherols alone or in combination with ascorbic acids. Two different supplements will be used for a lactation or feeding trail to determine the efficiency of supplement-protected tocopherols and ascorbic acids and polyunsaturated fats deposition in goat milk or fresh lamb. Furthermore, the effects of the increased levels of tocopherols alone and in combination with ascorbic acids on the oxidation rate in fresh goat milk or the red meat color and shelf-life of fresh lamb stored in Styrofoam trays over-wrapped with polyvinylchloride will be assessed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Necessary ingredients to process the rumen-escape dietary supplements were purchased including an alternative generally recognized as safe (GRAS) chemical, since the originally suggested GRAS chemicals are prohibited for use inanimal and food products by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fish oil has been successfully entrapped in soy protein matrix generated by water, sodium hydroxide, caseinate, soyflour, lecithin, and GRAS chemical. Newly developed rumen-escape dietary supplements contained up to 14.0% (w/w) of fish oil.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
G. Kannan, J.H. Lee, and B. Kouakou. 2014. Chevon quality enhancement: trends in pre- and post-slaughter techniques. Small Rumin. Res. 121:80-88.
J.H. Lee and B. Min. 2014. Storage stability of sweet cream butter prepared from goat milk. J. Nutri. Health Food Engi. 1(4):00021(1-6).
G. Kannan, V.R. Gutta, J.H. Lee, B. Kouakou, W.R. Getz, and G.W. McCommon. 2014. Pre-slaughter diet management in sheep and goats: effects on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcass. J. Anim. Sci. Biotech. 5:42 (1-10).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
J.H. Lee, G. Kannan, and B. Kouakou. 2014. Flavor compounds and storage stability of restructured goat meat (chevon) jerky as influenced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2). J. Meat Sci.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
D. Reynolds, B. R. Min, O. Bolden-Tiller, N.K. Gurung, W.H. McElhenney, E. Rhoden, J.E. Miller, J. H. Lee, and K. Shin. 2014. The effects of a tannin-rich pine bark pellet diet on parasitic nematode infections and carcass characteristics of grazing meat goats. Abstract published in 2014 ASAS Southern Section Meeting, p.13.
|
Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Scientists and general public. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Necessary ingredients have not been purchased since the suggested generally recognized as safe (GRAS) chemicals are no longer in the list of GRAS chemicals from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Alternative GRAS chemicals to process the rumen-escape dietary supplements need to be identified.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Processing units have been installed according to the developed floor plan for producing the rumen-escape dietary supplements. The established processing unit consists of four units such as 1) heating and mixing, 2) gel forming, 3) grinding, and 4) drying units. All four processing compartments have been properly established according to their electrical specifications. The heat and mixing unit will be used for heating and mixing tap water (H2O) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using a kettle. The heated solution will be poured into the gel forming unit and then agitated with shearing motion with other ingredients using a bowl cutter/mixer. The gel form of dietary supplements will be ground in a grinder . Finally, the ground dietary supplements will be dried in a forced air oven.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
C. E. McGhee, B.B. Lemma, J.H. Lee, and B. Kouakou. 2013. Effects of conventional and ultra-high temperature pasteurization processing on volatile profiles of goat milk. Abstract published in ARD 17th Biennial Research Symposium, p.243.
B.B. Lemma, C. Felton, J.H. Lee, G. Kannan, and B. Kouakou. 2013. Monitoring physiochemical properties of restructured chevon jerky processed under non-commercial condition. Abstract published in ARD 17th Biennial Research Symposium, p.185.
B.B. Lemma, J.H. Lee, B. Min, and R. Pace, 2013. Monitoring Physicochemical Properties of Salted Goat Sweet Cream Butter Stored under Refrigeration. Presented at the 2013 IFT Annual Meeting & Food Expo, Chicago, IL, July, 2013.
B.B. Lemma, J.H. Lee, G. Kannan, B. Kouakou, B. Min, and R. Pace. 2013. Volatile Compounds and Fatty Acid Profiles of Restructured Chevon Jerky as Influenced by Sodium Nitrite. Presented at the 2013 IFT Annual Meeting & Food Expo, Chicago, IL, July, 2013.
|
Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: This project was initiated about three months ago. Some necessary materials and equipment have been purchased. The processing units of this experiment are ready to be installed. We are in process to develop the floor plan to install necessary equipment to produce the rumen-escape dietary supplements. PARTICIPANTS: Lee, J. H. and Kouakou, B., Fort Valley State University, GA: Develop the floor plan to install necessary equipment to produce the rumen-escape dietary supplements. TARGET AUDIENCES: Scientist and general public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The project addresses USDA Priorities and NIFA Challenge Areas (2) Animal health and production and animal products; and (3) Food safety, nutrition, and health. Successful incorporation of antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids in animal products by feeding newly developed dietary supplements may provide healthier meat and milk for humans and delay development of lipid oxidized off flavors. Furthermore, It also enhances immune systems of ruminants.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
|