Source: NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES submitted to
A REVIEW OF THE USDA AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH INITIATIVE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0230573
Grant No.
2012-38886-20013
Cumulative Award Amt.
$898,658.00
Proposal No.
2012-03683
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2012
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2015
Grant Year
2014
Program Code
[FF-Q]- PARS, Admin. Discretionary & Reim. Research
Recipient Organization
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW
WASHINGTON,DC 20418-0006
Performing Department
Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
Non Technical Summary
The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative is the premier competitive grants program of USDA, and it is positioned to play a central role in advancing knowledge that will be critical to the future of the U.S. food and agriculture system. The relatively new program has not been without controversy because it has operated differently than previous USDA competitive grants programs, such as the National Research Initiative (NRI). For example, AFRI awards are for a larger dollar amount and a longer time duration than those awarded under the NRI. However, fewer grants are awarded. Moreover, the subject areas in which AFRI solicits proposals changes from year to year so an unsuccessful proposal cannot be revised and improved and resubmitted in the following year, which creates uncertainty for new applicants. It is important to evaluate the implementation of the AFRI at this relatively young stage in its existence to determine how well it is functioning, identify strengths and weaknesses, gauge its ability to meet goals, and suggest adjustments. An independent evaluation by the National Research Council, which has played a similar role in reviewing previous competitive grant programs of USDA, would provide objective conclusions and advice for the agency as it moves forward.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
100%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
90271103100100%
Goals / Objectives
A National Research Council committee will perform an independent assessment of the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), a competitive scientific grants program established in the 2008 Farm Bill. The review will examine the quality and value of research funded by the program and its potential to meet multiple goals, such as developing critical knowledge for agriculture across a range of disciplines, preparing the future scientific workforce, and addressing major societal challenges related to the agricultural system. The assessment will examine whether the program operates fairly, effectively, and efficiently, including the way in which research and other priorities of the program are established, the approaches used to attract the participation of a diversity of individuals and institutions in the grants program, and the proposal review and awards process. The review will explore AFRI's success in complementing and leveraging other scientific research and grant programs inside and outside of the USDA, and compare the effectiveness of NIFA's approach to funding fewer, higher-dollar and longer-term grants through AFRI to the former National Research Initiative (NRI) approach of funding more, lower-dollar grants. The assessment will examine the questions of how well AFRI facilitates the integration of research, extension, and education; supports food production efforts; trains future scientists, balances fundamental and applied investments; and increases foundational knowledge while facilitating translational research. As it considers its findings and conclusions related to the foregoing issues, the committee will identify aspects of the implementation of AFRI that could improve how it functions and its effectiveness in meeting its goals and outcomes. The AFRI review process will take place over 24 months and includes information-gathering from USDA program administrative staff, holding interviews and getting feedback on AFRI from members of the scientific, university, and industry communities, the preparation of a consensus report of the committee's assessment, and finally, the dissemination of the committee's findings and recommendations to USDA and stakeholders. The major activities of the review include the nomination and appointment of the 10-person (approximately) review committee by the President of the National Academy of Sciences (months 1-3); information-gathering, deliberation, and writing meetings of the committee (months 3-20); review of draft report by anonymous experts (months 20-22); and report finalization, delivery, and dissemination (months 22-24). In addition to the formal report, which will be made available in hard copy for sale and as a pdf available free online, a brief public summary (4-pager) will be prepared and posted on the report's webpage. After briefing USDA leaders, the committee will discuss the report in a public webinar. Committee members will subsequently present the report's findings and recommendations at appropriate stakeholder venues, such as meetings of scientific societies.
Project Methods
Studies of the National Research Council (NRC) are conducted according to a time-tested rigorous and impartial process in which an appointed committee of experts, assisted by a team of staff, is given a detailed task statement to address. Nominees to the committee may include individuals from government (outside of USDA), the academic community, public and private research institutions, non-governmental organizations, and sectors of industry. Individuals nominated to serve on the committee may be drawn from different sectors, but they will be selected for the expertise and knowledge they bring to the committee, and not as a representative of any particular sector. Suggestions for committee members will be solicited from NIFA, other federal agencies, members of the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, members of the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, the network of Divisions and Boards of the NRC, NRC staff, scientific societies, the public and private scientific agricultural community (including schools and departments of agriculture), the research community outside of the agricultural science community, and related stakeholders in the US food and agriculture system. Nominees will be screened for potential conflicts of interest and a concerted effort will be made to ensure that the committee is balanced. The committee to review the AFRI will be composed of individuals with experience in, or substantial knowledge of: scientific program organization, administration, and management (including agricultural research and development program administration and management); federal grant program management; scientific program evaluation; the economics of research investment; science metrics and organizational models of scientific research; history of funding and organization for agricultural research, in particular, the NRI; the overarching scientific and other issues related to AFRI's societal challenges and major granting categories; and, issues related to human resource capacity in agricultural and related sciences. With the assistance of the staff team, the committee will address its task by gathering information from public (USDA and other) data sources, reviewing relevant published literature on AFRI and other grants programs, soliciting comments from the public and from stakeholders (via on-line submissions and during public meetings), receiving briefings from other experts, and holding iterative discussions about the information it has reviewed. Based on the information gathered, the committee will attempt to reach consensus and to prepare a report of its findings, conclusions, and recommendations. Following a rigorous, anonymous peer review of the penultimate report draft, the committee will refine its analysis and finalize the document. While the peer review process is one quality control process to ensure the relevance and integrity of the report, the test of the value of the report will be found in how USDA responds to it (in terms of making changes to AFRI to improve the grants program) and in the acceptance of the report's findings by the broader scientific community.

Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The findings of the study are of broad interest to the scientific community that interested in the AFRI grants program, which include researchers from land-grant and non land-grant universities, and to the managers of the AFRI program, including the Director of NIFA, NIFA Program Officers, and the leadership of the USDA REE. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The committee briefed USDA leadership as well as staff from the House and Senate Agriculture Committees. A public webinar was held on January 9, 2015 and recorded for future listening: http://dels.nas.edu/Report/Spurring-Innovation-Food-Agriculture/18652?bname=banr The report is freely downloadable from the National Academies website. Spurring Innovation in Food and Agriculture: A review of the USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18652/spurring-innovation-in-food-and-agriculture-a-review-of-the What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A 16 member committee chaired by Vic Lechtenberg (Purdue University) conducted a study of the AFRI program. The committee held 4 open, public meetings to gather input. Speakers at the meetings included Cathie Woteki, the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Extension, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Sonny Ramaswamy, the Director of USDA NIFA; Ed Knipling, the Director of the USDA Agricultural Research Service; Sharlene Weatherwax, the Associate Director of Science for Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy; Ian Maw, the Vice President of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Association of Public Land-Grant Universities; Anthony Pescatore, the Board President of the Federation of Animal Science Societies; Jeffrey Volenec, the President, Crop Science Society of America; William H. Danforth II, Chancellor Emeritus, Washington University in St. Louis; Mark Mirando, National Program Leader for Animal Nutrition, Growth, and Reproduction, NIFA; Ann Lichens-Park, National Program Leader for Microbial Genomics, NIFA; Conner Bailey, Professor of Rural Sociology, Auburn University Holly Neibergs; Professor of Genetics, Washington State University; Li-Jun Ma, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts; Lee-Ann Jaykus, William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor in Food Science, North Carolina State University; Barbara Schaal, Professor, Mary-Dell Chilton Distinguished Professor Washington University; and Co-chair, Report to the President on Agricultural Preparedness and the Agriculture Research Enterprise; Jeffrey D. Armstrong, President, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo; Roger Beachy, Professor, Washington University and former Director, National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Scott Loveridge, Professor of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University and Director of the North Central Regional Center for Rural Development; Peggy Lemaux, ASPB Cooperative Extension Specialist, UC Berkeley;Noah Engelberg, Program Examiner, OMB; Will Fisher, Vice President of Science and Policy Initiatives, IFT; and Kei Koizumi, Assistant Director, Federal Research and Development, OSTP. The committee also developed a website containing a list of questions and requested input from the scientific community at large. After approximately one year of meetings and deliberations, the committee prepared a draft report, which underwent anonymous peer review. Following a revision of the report based on the critique received, the committee finalized and released a report of its findings. The report is available for free downloading at the website of the National Academies Press: Spurring Innovation in Food and Agriculture: A review of the USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18652/spurring-innovation-in-food-and-agriculture-a-review-of-the

Publications

  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: National Research Council. Spurring Innovation in Food and Agriculture: A Review of the USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2014. doi:10.17226/18652.


Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? As noted above, we have established a website where the public can locate information about the study committee members, public meetings, and other information (http://www8.nationalacademies.org/cp/projectview.aspx?key=49505). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? In the next six months, the committee is planning to hold at least two more meetings, which may include additional listening sessions. The committee will also post a request for information to the scientific community broadly to get input about AFRI. A major portion of the next 7-month period will be dedicated to reaching consensus about the value and other attributes of the AFRI program, and preparing the penultimate draft report. During the final stages of the study, the committee and staff will prepare the draft report, send out for anonymous peer review, and revise the report. The report will be publicly released after the sponsor (USDA/NIFA) is briefed. Dissemination activities to the public will follow.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Major activities completed during this time period include the following: 1. Website Established A website where the public can locate information about the study statement of task, committee members, public meetings, and other information was established (http://www8.nationalacademies.org/cp/projectview.aspx?key=49505). 2. Committee Appointment The NRC appointed a 16-member committee on December 20, 2012. The members of the committee are: Victor L. Lechtenberg (Committee Chairman) Special Assistant to the President, Purdue University Steven S. Balling Director, Agricultural and Analytical Services, Del Monte Foods Keith L. Belli Professor and Head, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennesee Peter J. Bruns Vice President (retired), Howard Hughes Medical Insitute Steven T. Buccola Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State University James C. Carrington President, Danforth Plant Science Center Machi F. Dilworth Director, Office of International Science and Engineering (retired), National Science Foundation Cutberto Garza Provost and Dean of Faculties, Boston College Ronnie D. Green Vice Chancellor for the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Rosemary R. Haggett Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Student Success, University of North Texas System Gene Hugoson Food System Policy, University of Minnesota Bennie I. Osburn Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine (retired), University of California, Davis Philip G. Pardey Professor of Science and Technology Policy, University of Minnesota Sally J. Rockey Deputy Director for Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health Juliana M. Ruzante Senior Associate, Food Safety Campaign, Pew Charitable Trusts James J. Zuiches Vice Chancellor, Extension, Engagement, and Economic Development (retired), North Carolina State University 2. Committee Meetings The committee held three, two-day meetings: February 27-28, 2013; April 1-2, 2013; and June 3-4, 2013. Both open (public, information-gathering) and closed sessions (committee deliberations) were held. Closed sessions were attended by committee members and staff only. In open sessions, the committee heard about the origins of AFRI, the current operations of AFRI, the broader picture of competitive grant programs in agricultural research, and other topics. Individuals who spoke before the committee included USDA officials, grantees, and others: Sonny Ramaswamy, Director, USDA/NIFA Ed Knipling, Administrator, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Sharlene Weatherwax, Associate Director for Science and Biological Environmental Research, Department of Energy Ian Maw, Vice President of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resources, Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities Anthony Pescatore, Board President, Federation of Animal Science Societies Jeffrey Volenec, President, Crop Society of America Hon. Catherine Woteki, USDA, Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Extension William H. Danforth, II, Chancellor Emeritus, Washington University, St. Louis Mark Mirando, National Program Leader, USDA/NIFA Ann Lichens-Park, National Program Leader, USDA/NIFA Conner Bailey, Professor of Rural Sociology, Auburn University Holly Neibergs, Professor of Genetics, Washington University Li-Jun Ma, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Lee-Ann Jaykus, William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor in Food Science, North Carolina State University Barbara Schaal, Mary-Dell Chilton Distinguished Professor, Washington State University Jeffrey D. Armstrong, President, California Polytechnic University Roger Beachy, Professor, Washington State University Scott Loveridge, Professor of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University Peggy Lemaux, President, American Society of Plant Biology Will Fisher, President of Science and Policy Initiatives, Institute for Food Technologists Kei Koizumi, Assistant Director, Federal Research and Development, Office of Science Technology Policy Noah Engelberg, Progam Examiner, Office of Management and Budget

Publications