Source: BLACKFEET COMMUNITY COLLEGE submitted to
TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON (TPH) FINGERPRINT OF THE BLACKFEET RESERVATION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0230536
Grant No.
2012-38424-19761
Project No.
MONW-2012-02324
Proposal No.
2012-02324
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
ZY
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2012
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2014
Grant Year
2012
Project Director
McKay, M.
Recipient Organization
BLACKFEET COMMUNITY COLLEGE
504 SE BOUNDARY STREET
BROWNING,MT 59417
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
The evaluation process will be done quarterly utilizing a quantitative process by the number of waterways sampled, collecting samples weekly for 8 months, gathering 5 samples in vials at each site, analyzing particulate matter in waterways monthly (80 samples monthly), and assessing results of finding. The results will determine if additional testing needs to be completed or if we need to adjust to other testing areas and frequency.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
40%
Applied
40%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1120310106025%
1120310200025%
1120320106025%
1120320200025%
Goals / Objectives
Goal: Gathering and Monitoring Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) Fingerprint data including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) on the Blackfeet Reservation. Objectives: 1. BCC students will establish baseline conditions in watersheds throughout the Blackfeet Reservation; St. Mary River, Milk River Head Waters, Cut Bank Creek and Two Medicine River 2. Students will continue to collect and monitor throughout the academic year. 3. Collect and Monitor TPH in the vicinity of active drill sites for approximately 10 weeks during the summer. Our rugged, picturesque 1.5 million acre (3,000 square mile) reservation in Montana has a population of about 10,000, including 8,500 enrolled Blackfeet, several hundred Blackfeet descendents and Indians from other tribes, and a few hundred non-Indians. (blackfeetnation.com) Although oil development has been going in the State of Montana since the 1920's each oil boom has created excitement with the potential gains of economic growth. The Blackfeet Reservation has been involved in oil devilment since the early 1930's as well however the major oil development was in the 1970's on the eastern part of the Blackfeet Reservation. This generation of land owners is currently experiencing this for the first time. The method of development has raised questions/concern for the environment. The interest in development methods has resulted in community meetings and seminars to address the communities concerns. However, we do not have the baseline data to guide establishment and monitoring practices that would minimize impacts to the environment. The proposed research project would allow our students the opportunity to contribute toward the responsible stewardship of the land.
Project Methods
Our approach would involve the use of a portable Hydrocarbon Analyzer to take measurements in parts per million (ppm) levels of TPH in vapor or water in the field. Students will travel to selected watershed sites within the Blackfeet Reservations take readings to establish baseline data and for monitoring purposes. After establishing baseline conditions, we would be able to monitor any changes in the total petroleum hydrocarbon fingerprinting. Students will be involved in the interpretation of the results and other components of the study. We will be asking our faculty on staff at BCC trained in cultural resource management to assist our students to conduct a cultural survey of the selected sites. This will be one of our initial projects to be completed prior to any activity to the area. It is important to explain and teach our research students what tribal resources are important to protect and how to identify them in the field. Students will complete an inventory of flora and fauna of the area. This will expose our students to the experience of conducting a cultural survey. Students will create a poster and possibly present during the annual spring grazing seminar or BCC sponsored event and during the annual `Days of the Blackfeet' a week long educational conference sponsored by BCC. The conference takes place on BCC campus the third week of September. The Research Supervisor has overseen water projects over the past 5 years. He was been the research supervisor for five different student interns this past year he trained all the interns in lab safety, collecting samples, equipment calibration and usage, recording data, and interpreting results and has travelled with the students to MSU-Bozeman for short presentations. BCC undergraduate students will obtain experience in research skills, sampling techniques, equipment calibration and usage, data recording and analyzing, oral and written skills, and problem solving techniques. Some of the skills gained will be the use of electronic instruments to collect pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, velocity, turbidity, and air and water temperature. The students will also gain chemical testing experience by collecting their samples, adding chemicals specific for their project, and using a Spectrophotometer (Hach) to obtain numerical values of the chemicals they were researching as well as gather and monitor samples from the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) analyzer including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX). These students will expand their knowledge on how to collect, analyze, and interpret their results.

Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience:The target population are residents of the Blackfeet Nation in Montana. The oil and gas activities primarily "fracking" which is active on the Blackfeet homeland was the number one concern of the project. Fulfilled data collections goals of 640 samples. The 925 tested samples surpassed intended projected sampling. Changes/Problems:The research of collecting baseline data and analyzing particular matter in waterways had outcomes which concluded a need for additional research. Those concerns of additional research became known in the Babb sampling area. Within this area the TPH analyzer results had shown a high reading of TPH in watershed. This Babb area is significant because of the past oil and gas, mining industry that was once active. The historical and cultural aspects of the Babb area and watershed require specific research to determine if the TPH in watershed or other mining contaminates are a source of the high ratio of cancer victims in Babb area. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?BCC students training and professional development has been enhanced due to the learned instructions for the TPH Analyzer. The goal: gathering and monitoring Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) Fingerprint data including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) on the Blackfeet Reservation. Their objectives: BCC students did establish baseline conditions in watersheds throughout the Blackfeet Reservation; St. Mary River, Milk River Headwaters, Cut Bank Creek and Two Medicine River. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The outreach to the Blackfeet Community participants were oral narratives. Each resident were given information about the research. After permission was given to proceed and actively begin research on their water source. The residents were allowed to view results if they chose to do so. The Blackfeet Nations Department of Oil and Gas and Environmental Protection Agency were informed of the research. Those Blackfeet Departments furnished maps, rides to various sites and other pertinent information regarding the oil and gas fields. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Fulfilled the data collections goal 640 samples. The 925 tested samples surpassed intended projected sampling.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13

    Outputs
    Target Audience: The first year of project targeted students enrolled at Blackfeet Community College. The project was designed to teach students on how to conduct research, perform community based research, and analyze their findings. This project also taught them how to callibrate sensors and proper usage of the sensors. The students also learned the importance of monitoring water as well as the surrounding environment. Changes/Problems: There was a major delay in obtaining the portable analyzers which made the project get a late start. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The students were angaged in a free online video conference training on the proper use of the analyzer from the company they were purchased from. They were invited by one of the drilling companies for one day to learn the process of drilling and hydraulic fracturing. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Students will continue collecting data to see if any significant changes occur from the previous year.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? This project had a significant impact on students involved by showing them the importance of monitoring their homeland and viewing the potential effects human activity can have. This project began by selecting four students to participate. We purchased the Prtable Hydrocarbon analyzers that took a few months to obtain. While waiting for the analyzers, the students and PD got the chance to visit a hydraulic fracturing (fracking) site. The company gave us a tour of the area and explained the process of drilling, adding the casing for protection of underground water, and what happens when the sand/chemical is added to the rock formations. We went into their chemistry lab and we were showed how the sand/chemical was made. During spring 2013 there was a fracking seminar at Blackfeet Community College where guest speakers talked about the pros and cons of fracking. The PD was invited to sit on the panel and the students attended various presentations to gain more knowledge about fracking. Once the analyzers arrived, there was a video training set up with the company that they were purchased from. Some sites were chosed to be samples that were near the drilling rigs. Students started collecting data, but never found any significant data from the fracking process. Students will continue monitoring and select more water bodies to sample this year. There were three foals of the project: Goal 1: BCC students will establish baseline conditions in watersheds throughout the Blackfeet Reservation; St Mary River, Milk River Head Waters, Cut Bank Creek, and Two Medicine River: All rivers were sampled for hydrocarbons with the analyzer. The results were measured in parts per million (ppm). There were no significant findings in these rivers as expected due to the process in its early stages on the reservation. Goal 2: Students will continue to collect and monitor throughout the academic year: Once the academic year started, two of the students wither transferred to a university or found employment. There were two more students recruited for the final year of the project. They learned how to use the analyzers and arehas started their learning experience. The other two students are mentoring them as well as continuing to monitor. As expected, there is still nothing showing up in the waterways throughout the reservation that was sampled. Goal 3: Collect and monitor TPH in the vicinity of active drill sites for approximately 10 weeks during the summer: The students that originally started monitoring for the 10 weeks throughout the summer and no findings from fracking were. They are all pleased that the companies are taking extra care when fracking around the reservation. This project has given students' knowledge of what happens during hydraulic fracturing. It helped their understanding of the potential effects fracking could cause if something should fail during the whole process. It made them aware of the environment surrounding the drilling areas and raiseda concern about what could happen to the water, trees, plants, and wildlife habitat.

    Publications