Progress 07/01/12 to 06/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audience Target audiences include the biotech, poultry production sector, veterinary health professionals, veterinary diagnostics, genetics, and agribusiness sectors. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Compared to traditional whole-genome association approaches that rely on statistical associations between disease traits and genetic sequences, this project takes a comprehensive systems approach, integrating biochemistry, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and functional genomics, to discover correlates between phenotype (disease resistance, susceptibility, enzyme activity) and genome/epigenome. Thus, there are abundant opportunities for collaboration, training, expansion of versatile scientific skills. There were numerous training activities involved in this project. Two students, and two research associate technicians and one postdoc received training in biochemical and molecular biological, and bioinformatic technologies associated with this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of this study are being communicated in the peer-reviewed scientific journal publications, presentations at scientific meetings, invited presentations, and to collaborators in this project at University of Minnesota, Virginia Tech, Iowa State University, University of British Columbia, and other collaborators, who convey results to their respective colleagues, and stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?N/A (this is the final report)
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This project has focused on using a systems biology approach to determine the relationship between phenotype (relative disease resistance to feedborne toxicants and hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity) with genotype (DNA/RNA sequencing of GST-related gene products) in agriculturally-important avian species. Results from USDA-AFRI and AES funded projects have allowed us to conclude that the high susceptibility of selected avian species to the ubiquitous food- and feed-borne toxicant and carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is related largely to the efficiency of hepatic GSTs to detoxify the bioactivated form of AFB1. Importantly, we have also established that the relative extent of hepatic cytochrome P450 bioactivation of AFB1 in these species is not a primary determinant of species susceptibility. Thus, GST detoxification appears to be the rate-limiting and overall dependent variable dictating susceptibility. We compared these variables in three breeds of chickens (broilers, Leghorns, Fayoumi), quail (Hawaiian and Japanese), with that of domesticated (the most disease susceptible) and wild (relatively resistant) turkeys. After broad-scale biochemical enzyme activity analyses, our data indicates that Japanese and Hawaiian quail varieties have significantly higher protective hepatic GST activities, but lower than that of the three chicken breeds. Further, compared to chickens, quail have a greater cytochrome P450-mediated biotransformation rate (Vmax) and a greater affinity (lower Km) showing that rates of hepatic AFB bioactivation to the toxic and carcinogenic AFB-8,9-epoxide are much higher in quail than in chicken, but lower than that in domesticated turkeys. There were no detectable significant differences between the three chicken breeds in their hepatic GST detoxification abilities. Thus, our data leads us to conclude that comparative AFB disease resistance conforms to the rank order of chickens (all breeds same) > quail = wild turkeys >>> domesticated turkeys. Importantly, this rank order closely approximates the relative species susceptibility to AFB1 in feeding trials. Results and preliminary data from this AES-funded project were used to successfully obtain numerous competitive grants from USDA-AFRI, including most recently Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Animal Genome competitive grant 2013-67015-21241 still in force.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A. (Presenter & Author), "Successful Scientific Grant Writing," University of Perugia, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM), Perugia, Italy. (September 11, 2017 - September 15, 2017)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Presentations
Reed, K. M. (Presenter & Author), Mendoza, K. M. (Author Only), Abrahante, J. E. (Author Only), Coulombe, R. A. (Author Only), International Society of Animal Genetics, "Response of the Hepatic Transcriptomes of Domesticated and Wild Turkey to Aflatoxin B1.," Dublin, Ireland. (July 16, 2017 - July 21, 2017)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A., Reed, K. M. (Presenter Only), Plant and Animal Genomes XXIII, "Differential Transcriptome Response to Aflatoxin in the Turkey," San Diego. (January 2015)
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audience Target audiences include the biotech, poultry production sector, veterinary health professionals, veterinary diagnostics, genetics, and agribusiness sectors. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Opportunities Compared to traditional whole-genome association approaches that rely on statistical associations between disease traits and genetic sequences, this project takes a comprehensive systems approach, integrating biochemistry, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and functional genomics, to discover correlates between phenotype (disease resistance, susceptibility, enzyme activity) and genome/epigenome. Thus, there are abundant opportunities for collaboration, training, expansion of versatile scientific skills. There were numerous training activities involved in this project. Two students, and two research associate technicians and one postdoc received training in biochemical and molecular biological, and bioinformatic technologies associated with this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination Results of this study are being communicated in scientific meetings, invited presentations, and to collaborators in this project at University of Minnesota, Virginia Tech, Iowa State University, University of British Columbia, and other collaborators, who convey results to their respective colleagues, and stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Plan of Work For the next six months, we will be in the process of sequencing the hepatic transcriptomes of these species to determine the presence of aberrations in GST coding and regulatory regions to explain these functional differences in AFB disease resistance and susceptibility. We are also completing sequencing of candidate miRNAs that appear to affect GST expression and regulation. The functional relevance of these GST-related miRNAs will be validated in a new avian hepatocyte culture system we developed this year.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Accomplishments This year, we focused on determining the relationship between phenotype (relative aflatoxin resistance; hepatic GST enzyme activity) with genotype (DNA/RNA sequencing of GST-related gene products) in agriculturally-important avian species. We compared these variables in three breeds of chickens (broilers, Leghorns, Fayoumi - in collaboration with Prof. Sue Lamont Iowa State U.), quails (Hawaiian and Japanese varieties - in collaboration with Genomics Canada collaborators at UBC), with that of domesticated (the most disease susceptible) and wild (relatively resistant) turkeys. After broad-scale biochemical enzyme activity analyses, our data indicates that Japanese and Hawaiian quail varieties have significantly higher protective hepatic GST activities, but lower than that of the three chicken breeds. Further, compared to chickens, quail have a greater cytochrome P450-mediated biotransformation rate (Vmax) and a greater affinity (lower Km) showing that rates of hepatic AFB bioactivation to the toxic and carcinogenic AFB-8,9-epoxide are much higher in quail than in chicken, but lower than that in domesticated turkeys. Thus far, our data leads us to provisionally conclude that comparative AFB disease resistance conforms to the rank order of chickens (all breeds same) > quail = wild turkeys >>> domesticated turkeys.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Monson, M. S., Cardona, C. C., Reed, K. M., Coulombe, R. A. (2016). Hepatic transcriptome responses of domestic and wild turkey embryos to aflatoxin B. Toxins, 8(16), 1-22.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A. (Presenter & Author), Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Natural Chemicals on Human Health and Food Safety (W-3122), "Gene Methylation and Silencing of protective alpha-class Glutathione S-transferases," USDA-NIFA, Portland, OR. (October 6, 2016 - October 7, 2016)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Presentations
Monson, M. (Author Only), Robert, S. (Author Only), Sumit, R. (Author Only), Kristelle, M. M. (Author Only), Hani, E.-N. (Author Only), Kent, R. M. (Author Only), Coulombe, R. A. (Presenter & Author), Food Bioactives and Health, "Probiotics Modulate the Spleen Transcriptome and Protect Against a Dietary Carcinogen," University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. (September 2016)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A. (Presenter & Author), "Successful Scientific Grant Writing," University of Perugia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy. (June 18, 2016 - June 30, 2016)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Presentations
Kent, R. M. (Presenter & Author), Coulombe, R. A. (Author Only), 67th North Central Avian Disease Conference, "Unlocking the avian genome," St. Paul, MN. (March 2016)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Presentations
Duffy, A. (Presenter & Author), Mendoza, K. (Author Only), Kent, R. M. (Author Only), Coulombe, R. A. (Author Only), Plant and Animal Genomes XXIII, "Candidate miRNAs involved in regulation of alphaclass glutathione S-transferases associated with susceptibility to the carcinogen aflatoxin B1.," San Diego. (January 2016)
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audience Target audiences include the biotech, poultry production sector, veterinary health professionals, veterinary diagnostics, genetics, and agribusiness sectors. Changes/Problems:Changes/Problems Progress in this and other projects has been delayed by efforts related to replenishing and replacing tissues and samples destroyed in a mysterious incident involving our ultra-low freezer. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Opportunities Compared to traditional whole-genome association approaches that rely on statistical associations between disease traits and genetic sequences, this project takes a comprehensive systems approach, integrating biochemistry, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and functional genomics, to discover correlates between phenotype (disease resistance, susceptibility, enzyme activity) and genome/epigenome. Thus, there are abundant opportunities for collaboration, training, expansion of versatile scientific skills. There were numerous training activities involved in this project. Two students, and two research associate technicians and one postdoc received training were trained received training in biochemical and molecular biological, and bioinformatic technologies associated with this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination Results of this study are being communicated in scientific meetings, invited presentations, and to collaborators in this project at University of Minnesota, Virginia Tech, Iowa State University, University of British Columbia, and other collaborators, who convey results to their respective colleagues, and stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Plan of Work Continue the laborious process of replacing IT lost in the "freezer incident". We hope to obtain additional biological specimens and tissue samples to increase accuracy of determination of phase I and phase II enzyme kinetic constants. We also hope to finish our study comparing AFB detoxification and bioactivation in livers from several chicken varieties, and two quail varieties.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Accomplishments Due to high inherent variability among liver samples, we are in the process of obtaining additional specimens from Prof. Sue Lamont at Iowa State University to more accurately compare the hepatic phase I and phase II enzyme activities from three breeds of chickens- Fayoumi, Leghorn and Broiler. We have shown this year that the balance of enzyme phase I and II activities are an important predictor of disease susceptibility. Data from this year strongly indicates that hepatic gluathione S-transferase (GST)- mediated detoxification activity is the rate-limiting factor, and represents the most reliable surrogate for disease susceptibility. In feeding trials, chickens have been shown to be substantially more AFB1-resistant than turkeys, and our data indicate that livers from all three breeds possessed substantial activities of hepatic GST- mediated detoxification abilities of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1. Hepatic cytosols prepared from these birds possessed GST-mediated AFB1 detoxification several-fold greater than that of domestic turkeys. Rates of bioactivation of AFB to the toxic form responsible for disease - the AFBO-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) - by chicken hepatic microsomes were less than that of turkeys, which is in predictable based on their resistance relative to turkeys. As GST-mediated AFB detoxification is a validated surrogate of whole animal resistance and susceptibility, these data are consistent with the relative resistance to AFB1 in chickens compared to turkeys. Enzyme kinetic characteristics for these activities will be calculated once additional samples have been obtained. This is the critical first step in allowing us to compare phenotype (hepatic GST enzyme activity) with genotype (DNA sequence in the GSTA cluster), which will form the basis of a diagnostic technology to enhance disease resistance in poultry. Quail liver samples obtained from the University of British Columbia reveal GST activities higher than domesticated turkeys, and approximately in the same order of magnitude as Leghorn and Broiler chickens. We are working with UBC colleagues
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Refereed Journal Articles
Monson, M. S., Settlage, R. E., Mendoza, K. M., Rawal, S., El-Nezami, H., Coulombe, R. A., Reed, K. M. (2015). Modulation of the Spleen Transcriptome in Domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Response to Aflatoxin B1 and Probiotics. Immunogenetics, 67(3), 163-178. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25597949
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Refereed Journal Articles
Monson, M. S., Coulombe, R. A., Reed, K. M. (2015). Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from toxicity and responses to aflatoxin B1 in poultry. Agriculture - Special Edition on Nutritional Toxicology and Animal Nutrition, 5(3), 742-777
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A. (Presenter & Author), Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Natural Chemicals on Human Health and Food Safety, "miRNAs Involved in Silencing of protective alpha-class Glutathione S-transferases," USDA, Calistoga, California. (October 8, 2015 - October 9, 2015)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A., "Public Health Impact of Urban Particulate Air Pollution: Translational Studies," University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. (September 23, 2015
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A., Diet and Optimum Health, "Development of the Trout Model for Cancer Studies: A Tribute to George Bailey," Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. (September 9, 2015 - September 12, 2015)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A., Veterinary Disease Symposium, "A Poultry Model for Cancer Chemoprevention," Free University of Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany. (May 29, 2015)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentations
Coulombe, R. A., Veterinary Disease Symposium, "Keynote Presentation: A Walk on the Wild Side: Genomic Determinants to Disease Resistance," Free University of Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany. (May 28, 2015
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentations
Missy, M. S. (Author Only), Robert, S. E. (Author Only), Mendoza, K. M. (Author Only), Rawal, S. (Author Only), El-Nezami, H. (Author Only), Reed, K. M. (Author Only), Coulombe, R. A. (Presenter & Author), Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, "Modulation of the Spleen Transcriptome By Aflatoxin B1," Society of Toxicology, San Diego. (March 24, 2015)
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Target Audience Target audiences include the biotech, poultry production sector, veterinary health professionals, veterinary diagnostics, genetics, and agribusiness sectors. Changes/Problems: Changes/Problems Progress in this and other projects has been delayed by efforts related to replenishing and replacing tissues and samples destroyed in a mysterious incident involving our ultra-low freezer. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Opportunities Compared to traditional whole-genome association approaches that rely on statistical associations between disease traits and genetic sequences, this project takes a more novel, systems approach, integrating biochemistry, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and functional genomics, to discover correlates between phenotype (disease resistance, susceptibility, enzyme activity) and genome/epigenome. Thus, there are abundant opportunities for collaboration, training, expansion of versatile scientific skills. There were numerous training activities involved in this project. Two students, and two research associate technicians received training were trained received training in biochemical and molecular biological, and bioinformatic technologies associated with this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Dissemination Results of this study are being communicated in scientific meetings, invited seminars, and to collaborators in this project at Iowa State University, University of British Columbia, and other collaborators, who convey results to their respective colleagues, and stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Plan of Work We have received quail livers from collaborators at University of British Columbia, with the view toward characterizing their phase I and phase II hepatic enzyme activities.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Accomplishments Objective 1; In collaboration with Iowa State, we conducted a study to compare the hepatic phase I and phase II enzyme activities from three breeds of chickens- Fayoumi, Leghorn and Broiler. Compared to turkeys, chickens are more AFB1-resistant, which we hypothesize may be reflected in expression, activities, and sequences of enzymes that metabolize this feed contaminant. Preliminary data shows that livers from all three breeds possessed substantial activities of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 and gluathione S-transferase - mediated bioactivation and detoxification abilities of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1. Rates of bioactivation of AFB to the toxic form responsible for disease - the AFBO-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) - by chicken hepatic microsomes were less than that of turkeys, which is in agreement with their resistance relative to turkeys. Importantly, hepatic cytosols prepared from these birds possessed GST-mediated AFB1 detoxification several-fold greater than that of domestic turkeys. As GST-mediated AFB detoxification is validated surrogate of whole animal resistance and susceptibility, these data are consistent with the relative resistance to AFB1 in chickens compared to turkeys. Kinetic characteristics for these activities will be calculated.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Monson, M. S., Settlage, R. E., McMahon, K. W., Mendoza, K. M., Rawal, S., El-Nezami, H. S., Coulombe, R. A., Reed, K. M. (2014). Response of the hepatic transcriptome to aflatoxin B1 in domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). PlOS ONE, 9(6), e100930. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24979717
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Rawal, S., Bauer, M. M., Mendoza, K. M., El-Nezami, H., Hall, J., Kim, J. E., Stevens, J. R., Reed, K. M., Coulombe, Jr, R. A. (2014). Aflatoxicosis chemoprevention by probiotic Lactobacillius and lack of effect on the major histocompatibility complex. Research in veterinary science, 97(2), 274-281. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034528814001702
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Coulombe, R. A. (Invited Lecture), USDA-AFRI Animal Health Program Directors Meeting, "Functional Genomics to Enhance Aflatoxin Resistance in Poultry," USDA-NIFA, Beltsville, MD. (November 19, 2014 - November 21, 2014)
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Target audiences include the biotech, poultry production sector, veterinary health professionals, veterinary diagnostics, genetics, and agribusiness sectors. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Compared to traditional whole-genome association approaches that rely on statistical associations between disease traits and genetic sequences, this project takes a more novel, systems approach, integrating biochemistry, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and functional genomics, to discover correlates between phenotype (disease resistance, susceptibility, enzyme activity) and genome/epigenome. Thus, there are abundant opportunities for collaboration, training, expansion of versatile scientific skills. There were numerous training activities involved in this project. Two students, and two research associates technicians received training were trained received training in biochemical and molecular biological, and bioinformatic technologies associated with this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results of this study are being communicated in scientific meetings, invited seminars, and to collaborators in this project at Iowa State University, University of British Columbia, and other collaborators, who convey results to their respective colleagues, and stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Objective 1. In collaboration with investigators at Iowa State University, we will survey P450-mediate bioactivation and GST-mediated AFB1 detoxification in livers from several breeds of chickens, and quails, which compared to turkeys, are relatively AFB1-resistant; Objective 2. Determine which of these enzymes are critical to the response of chickens to AFB1; Objective 3. Validate SNPs from chicken liver DNA and confirm their association with AFB1 resistance, and compare to those in turkeys. Assay and experimental conditions will optimized for the various avian species. Metabolic rate constants for these activities will be validated and confirmed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objectives 1-3: In this period, we have been busy replenishing and replacing tissues and samples destroyed in an incident involving our ultra-low freezer. Objective 1; In collaboration with the Avian Health Center at the University of British Columbia, we received quails' livers. In collaboration with Sue Lamont at Iowa State, we conducted a study to compare the hepatic phase I and phase II enzyme activities from three breeds of chickens- Fayoumi, Leghorn and Broiler. Compared to turkeys, chickens are more AFB1-resistant, which we hypothesize may be reflected in expression, activities, and sequences of enzymes that metabolize this feed contaminant. After preparing the appropriate fractions, our data showed that livers from all three breeds possessed substantial activities of cytochrome P450 and gluathione S-transferase - mediated bioactivation and detoxification abilities of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1. Rates of bioactivation of AFB by chicken hepatic microsomes were less than that of turkeys, while rates of GST-mediated detoxification was several-fold greater than that of domestic turkeys, and within the same order of magnitude of wild turkeys. This data are consistent with the relative resistance to AFB1 in chickens compared to turkeys. Kinetic constants for these activities will be validated and confirmed in upcoming studies.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Bunderson, B., June, K., Amanda, C., Kent, R., Coulombe, R. A. (2013). Heterologous Expression and functional characterization of avian Mu-class Glutatione S-transferases. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C Pharmacol Toxicol, 158(2). www.journals.elsevier.com/comparative-biochemistry-and-physiology-part-c-toxicology-and-pharmacology/
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Kim, J. E., Bunderson, B. R., Croasdell, A., Reed, K. M., Coulombe, R. A. (2013). Alpha-Class Glutathione S-Transferases in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo): Characterization and Role in Resistance to the Carcinogenic Mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1. PLoS One, 8(4), 1-12. www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060662
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Wu, Y., McEwen, G., Tang, M., Dimmick, J., Gilbertson, T. A., Zhou, A., Coulombe, R. A., Stevens, J. R. (2013). Sensing Biophysical Alterations of Human Lung Cells (A549) in the Context of Toxicity Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles. 67(3), 1147-1156. link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12013-013-9618-4
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Monson, M. S. (Presenter & Author), Coulombe, R. A. (Author Only), Settlage, R. E. (Author Only), Mendoza, K. M. (Author Only), Rawal, S. (Author Only), Reed, K. M. (Author Only), Plant and Animal Genome (PAG), "Spleen Transcriptome Response to Aflatoxin in the Domestic Turkey," San Diego. (January 12, 2013 - January 15, 2013)
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: "1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GSTAs of wild and heritage birds clustered with their domestic turkey homologs, confirming amplification of the target loci, while clustering of the turkey and chicken sequences reflected apparent duplication of GSTAs prior to divergence of the two avian species. E. coli-expressed GSTAs possessed similar prototypical GST activities. Paradoxically, recombinant GSTAs expressed from domestic, in addition to those from wild and heritage turkeys, detoxified AFBO, suggesting that hepatic GSTs in domestic turkeys are downregulated, silenced, or otherwise modified by one or more mechanisms. As in isolated populations of people with cancer susceptibility due to GST polymorphisms, loss of protective GST alleles in domestic turkeys is the likely mechanism for their extreme sensitivity compared to wild and heritage birds, fulfilling predictions that genetic improvement, domestication, and industry consolidation of commercial poultry result in the loss of genetic diversity, species fitness, and often, enhanced susceptibility to pathogens and environmental agents. 2. From this and other research, a patent was submitted in 2012 entitled ""A Diagnostic Kit for Aflatoxin-Resistant Poultry""" PARTICIPANTS: Roger Coulombe, Kent Reed, Ed Smith, June Kim, Brett Bunderson, Amanda Croasdale, Sumit Rawal, Sandy Velleman, Rami Dalloul, the Turkey Sequencing consortium (35 members internationally) and Karen Mock. Partner organizations included Moroni Feed Cooperative, Hy-Bred Inc., Hy-Line Inc., Virginia Tech, Ohio State University, National Wild Turkey Federation, and the University of Minnesota. TARGET AUDIENCES: Molecular biologists, poultry producers, consumers, poultry breeders and geneticists, food safety specialists, cancer researchers, toxicologists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
"1. A genetic marker based diagnostic kit to improve AFB1-resistance in poultry represents a technology with potentially high commercial value to the industry, and resulting improvement in health and well-being will have a positive economic impact on growers in Utah and worldwide. 2. Commercial diagnostic genetic markers is a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide. Thus potential there is a potential economic benefit to the state and region as this technology is commercialized. 3. If successful, our technology may help the poultry industry by identifying disease resistant strains, reducing disease loss, and helping them to produce a safer food for consumers."
Publications
- Kim, J. E., Bunderson, B. R., Croasdell, A., Reed, K. M., & Coulombe, R. A. 2012. Alpha-Class Glutathione S-Transferases in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo): Characterization and Role in Resistance to the Carcinogenic Mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1: PLoS One. (Submitted).
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