Source: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS EXTENSION submitted to
PREPARING A NEW GENERATION OF ILLINOIS FRUIT AND VEGETABLE FARMERS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0229354
Grant No.
2012-49400-19565
Project No.
ILLN-802-648
Proposal No.
2012-00752
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
BFRDP
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2012
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2015
Grant Year
2012
Project Director
Weinzierl, R.
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS EXTENSION
1301 W. GREGORY DR., 214 MUMFORD HALL (MC-710)
URBANA,IL 61801
Performing Department
Crop Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Increased demand for locally produced foods is well documented nationally and in Illinois. Despite increasing demand, only 1.1 percent of all crop sales recorded in Illinois for 2007 were fruits and vegetables. The average age of farmers in the U.S. in 2007 was 55.3 years, and for fruit growers the average age is 57.7 years (USDA NASS 2009). These national figures reflect the situation in Illinois as well. Many current growers will not be operating their farms 10 years from now. To meet the demands of consumers, their roles must be filled by new growers. Barriers to success for beginning farmers center around two broad issues: (1) Start-up costs are high, and in many areas there may be an absence of available land to purchase or rent (Ahearn and Newton 2009). (2) New and beginning farmers lack sufficient knowledge about business planning, production details, and marketing; this deficit is the basis for dozens of training programs across the nation (USDA 2011). This BFRDP project cannot directly influence land availability or costs, but it focuses on small-acreage fruit and vegetable enterprises (lower land costs and greater availability of smaller parcels) and it provides training on land acquisition and rental. The need for training beginning fruit and vegetable farmers is especially great because they must make many more farm-specific decisions about crops, varieties, planting dates, season extension, irrigation, food safety, postharvest handling, marketing plans, pricing, etc. than commodity crop farmers. This project will (1) increase the number of new farmers producing fruits and vegetables throughout Illinois and enhance the viability, profitability, and sustainability of new enterprises; (2) assist a specific target audience - seasonal farm workers - to begin viable, profitable, and sustainable small produce farms; and (3) increase the expertise of university Extension educators, high school and community college teachers, and educators in community organizations so that they can continue programs for new farmers after the term of this grant. To meet these goals, we will (1) provide year-long series of classroom and in-field educational programs and offer incubator plots to new and aspiring farmers in southern, central, and northern Illinois; (2) offer similar series of programs and provide incubator plots specifically for a targeted audience - Spanish-speaking field workers; and (3) train educators and develop a library of online resources.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
100%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2051199107010%
2051499107010%
2161199107010%
2161499107010%
5031199106010%
5031499106010%
6021199301010%
6021499301010%
7121199110010%
7121499110010%
Goals / Objectives
Goals: 1. Increase the number of new farmers producing fruits and vegetables throughout Illinois and enhance the viability, profitability, and sustainability of new and beginning enterprises to meet increasing demand for local produce and contribute to local economies. 2. Assist a specific target audience - seasonal Hispanic farm workers - in beginning viable, profitable, and sustainable small produce farms. 3. Increase the expertise of university Extension educators, high school and community college teachers, and educators in community organizations so they can better aid new farmers. Objectives. 1. Provide year-long programs of classroom and hands-on / in-field instruction on essential skills and information for 60 or more new farmers per year for three years so that new growers have the information base to be successful. Provide 20 or more of these new farmers (per year) access to land to allow low-risk experience growing vegetables with expert oversight. 2. Provide year-long programs of classroom and hands-on / in-field instruction on essential skills and information for 30 seasonal workers who want to become independent farmers so that they have the knowledge to become successful. Provide 15 of these seasonal workers (per year) access to land to allow low-risk experience growing vegetables with expert oversight. 3. Develop human and informational resources by providing year-long classroom and hands-on / in-field instruction on essential skills and information to Extension educators (15), allied educators (5-10), and vocational agriculture and FFA teachers (90) so that these educators can continue programs for new growers and by developing an online resource library (English and Spanish) of educational materials for new and aspiring fruit and vegetable farmers. Outputs: 180 new and beginning farmers will receive valuable practical information; 60 beginning farmers will gain farming experience. Additionally, 90 seasonal workers will receive valuable practical information; 45 seasonal workers will gain farming experience. 125 educators will receive valuable practical information, and an up-to-date resource library will be available on-line.
Project Methods
Objective 1. We will deliver a series of educational programs to teach 20 new and potential growers per region (south, central, and north; total = 60) per year in each of 3 years. Each annual cycle with start with a full-day workshop each month in each region in December, January, and February and cover key challenges including land acquisition and transfer, business planning, legal issues, insurance, marketing (MarketReady, MarketMaker, CSAs, and social media), farm safety, food safety (including GAP and traceability), and Farm to School. To provide hands-on, in-field education, we will hold 9 monthly field workshops at each of three UI Research and Education Centers in southern, central, and northern Illinois. At all of these centers, fruit plantings (apples, peaches, and small fruits) and high tunnels will be available for educational use. A range of vegetable crops also will be planted. Each monthly workshop will address one or more key topics, including basic equipment (and operator safety), transplant production, high tunnel construction and operation, irrigation, soils and soil testing, cover crops and tillage, variety evaluations, pest and disease scouting, integrated pest management, pesticide application, pruning and thinning, harvest practices, and postharvest handling. We will provide incubator plots (up to 1 acre at current cash-rent prices) at each location so that new growers (at least 20 new growers per year over the three locations combined) can pilot their production plans with oversight and advice offered by University staff. Objective 2. UI and Illinois Migrant Council (IMC) staff will provide similar classroom and hands-on educational programs to seasonal field workers (at least 10 farm workers per region; total = 30) for each year-long program and offer classroom and in-field workshops similar to those in Objective 1. UI and IMC personnel will translate references and adapt materials to the existing knowledge levels of the participants. To provide experience to seasonal workers (at least 15 per year), we will provide incubation plots at each of the three RECs as in Objective 1. Objective 3. To train-the-trainers for beginning fruit and vegetable farmers, we will include Extension educators with responsibilities for Local Food Systems and Small Farms and Extension educators in Horticulture (15 or more), educators from the IMC and other nonprofit organizations such as the Stewardship Alliance and the Land Connection (5-10), and vocational agriculture and FFA teachers from high schools and community colleges (100) in the programs offered under Objective 1. We will assemble basic guides (English and Spanish) for the topics outlined under Objectives 1-2 (as print materials and webinars). Program evaluation will include (1) new farmers' evaluations of each workshop; (2) new farmers' evaluations of overall program value; (3) annual survey of success of aspiring farmers to establish new enterprises and changes in operations at recently established farms; (4) educators' evaluations of each workshop and the overall program; and (5) project director's and co-directors' reviews of personnel contributions and program development.

Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project overall and in Year 3 was aspiring and beginning fruit and vegetable farmers operating on a small scale (generally 0.25 to 20 acres) with less than 5 years produce farming experience. This included English speakers in our core program and Hispanic workers in separate classes taught in Spanish. We also provided professional development opportunities to Extension educators and other educators who will continue to work with beginning farmer audiences. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?62 educators (Extension educators, high school or community college agriculture teachers, and urban farming coordinators, 21 of whom were registered students in the program) attended one or more sessions to gain additional knowledge. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A teaching curriculum comprised of 40 Power Point presentations with audio and associated online references was developed and refined. It is available to our students and accessible to all beginning farmers and the public at www.newillinoisfarmers.org. Participants also received paper copies of Power Point presentations and numerous other materials. Information was distributed regularly to participants via email messages on a list-serve, and that list-serve also provided networking opportunities for participants. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We held classes and provided hands-on and in-field experiences in English at three locations (north, central and south) in Illinois for 3 years. Three cohorts of students completed the 1-year program at each location. At each location, classes were held one Saturday per month, 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (108 classes over the 3-year period). 222 participants (new farmers, aspiring farmers, and educators) completed this program. Spanish-language programming also was offered at 3 locations (north, central and south) per year using flexible schedules to meet the needs of participants at each location. 47 participants completed the Spanish-language program. 27 participants used incubator plots to gain hands-on farming skills. 67 educators (Extension educators, high school or community college agriculture teachers, and urban farming coordinators, 21 of whom were registered students in the program) attended one or more sessions to gain additional knowledge. A teaching curriculum comprised of 40 Power Point presentations with audio and associated online references was developed and refined. It is available to our students and accessible to all beginning farmers and the public at www.newillinoisfarmers.org. Participant responses to questionnaires over the three years combined indicated that as a result of this program. 99% experienced a change in knowledge, abilities, skills, and/or farming intentions. 86% plan to start farming or are currently farming and plan to continue. 90% of those currently farming plan to increase the scale of their farming operations. 5% decided not to start farming or to discontinue their initial efforts. 59% changed their attitudes about how to operate a successful small farm business. 63% adopted plans or practices to increase their production efficiency. 51% adopted plans or practices to increase their environmental sustainability. 82% plan to increase their participation in future educational programs for fruit and vegetable producers. Participants from the 3 years combined will grow at least 90 acres of high-value fruits and vegetables in 2016. They also will grow fruits and vegetables in the equivalent of ten or more 30'X96' high tunnels. Nearly all produce will be sold direct-to-consumer, and the resulting annual gross sales for 2016 production by participants in this program is estimated to exceed $1.1 million. Participants were asked, "To what extent did this program meet your expectations?" Responses (averaged over 3 years): Exceeded = 48% Completely = 30% Mostly = 21% Mostly not = 1% Not at all = 0% Participants were asked, "How much did this program help you in developing your farming plans? Responses: A great deal = 67% Just what I needed = 17% Somewhat = 16% Very little = <1% Not at all = 0% Participants were asked to indicate which of the following documents they had completed at the end of the course. Responses: Business plan = 62% Production plan =52% Marketing plan = 43% Financial plan = 41% While a significant portion of participants had not completed all these documents at the end of one year's training, many were still planning their farming enterprises, and the fact that they had not completedall of these plans is probably evdence that they recognize how much they still had to investigate after a year of classes before assuming they could present a business or financial plan that would be accurate enough to matter. Participants were asked to indicate if at the end of the course they knew how to .... Responses: Access USDA programs and services (NRCS, FSA, etc.) = 92% Access markets = 83% Access business management support (SBDC, etc.) = 83% Access production information (seed catalogs, newsletters, production guides) = 97% Access grower networks = 82% Access credit = 83%

Publications


    Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14

    Outputs
    Target Audience: 77 participants (new farmers, aspiring farmers, and educators) completed our Year 2 program offered in English at 3 locations each month for 12 months. In this audience:14% are characterized as historically socially disadvantaged; 14% self-identified as Limited Resource farmers; 2% are immigrants; 6% are African-American; 5% self-identified as farm workers; 56% are female and 44% are male; and 7% are U.S. military veterans. The age range of participants was 21-67, with an average age of 43. Spanish-language programming also was offered at 3 locations (north, central and south) using flexible schedules to meet the needs of participants at each location. 15 participants completed the Spanish-language program. All are Hispanic; 27% female and 73% male. Changes/Problems: We plan to complete the work of this project as it is summarized in the objectives of our original proposal and with the existing overall budget. We will request revisions within our University of Illinois budget to use funding originally allocated to certain lines for other lines to efficiently complete the project by August 30, 2015. This will not change our overall budget. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? 34 educators (Extension educators, high school or community college agriculture teachers, and urban farming coordinators, 13 of whom were registered students in the program) attended one or more sessions to gain additional knowledge. All the curriculum materials developed for this course will be made available to all educators who can use or adapt them for additional training programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The teaching curriculum comprised of more than 30 Power Point presentations and associated online references developed in Year 1 was revised, and presentations were made available to students as YouTube videos online before each class meeting date so that class time could be used for more in-depth discussions and hands-on experiences. Participants also received paper copies of Power Point presentations and numerous other materials. Information was distributed regularly to participants via email messages on a list-serve, and that list-serve also provided networking opportunities for participants. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The course curriculum has been re-examined and modified for Year 3. Recorded Power Points (with audio) and resource lists will be available for all curriculum topics and made available for open public access by summer of 2015. All presentations will also be translated into Spanish and made available for open public access on the program's website as well. Spanish-language resources and references will provided in support of all curriculum topics. English-language classes (with hands-on opportunities and access to incubator plots) will be held monthly on Saturdays at 3 locations per month (north, south, and central) from winter, 2014, through fall, 2015. Approximately 90 participants are enrolled over the three locations. Applications greatly exceeded our capacity for on-site attendance in central and northern Illinois, so approximately 45 applicants who we cannot accommodate for on-site physical attendance will receive access to all on-line videos, Power Points, and references, as well as networking access via the program’s list-serve and other communications. Spanish-language classes will be held at three locations as well -- in the north, one evening per week from January through April, 2014, in central IL one Saturday per month from January through August, 2014, and in southern IL two evenings per week from January through March, 2014. Enrollment remains open for these programs.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? We held classes and provided hands-on and in-field experiences in English at three locations (north, central and south) in Illinois in Year 2 of this project. At each location, classes were held one Saturday per month, 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. 77 participants (new farmers, aspiring farmers, and educators) completed this program. Spanish-language programming also was offered at 3 site locations (north, central and south) using flexible schedules to meet the needs of participants at each location. 15 participants completed the Spanish-language program. 7 participants used incubator plots to gain hands-on farming skills. 34 educators (Extension educators, high school or community college agriculture teachers, and urban farming coordinators, 13 of whom were registered students in the program) attended one or more sessions to gain additional knowledge. The teaching curriculum comprised of more than 30 Power Point presentations and associated online references developed in Year 1 was revised, and presentations were made available to students as YouTube videos online before each class meeting date so that class time could be used for more in-depth discussions and hands-on experiences. Participant responses to questionnaires indicated that as a result of this program: 100% experienced a change in knowledge, abilities, skills, and/or farming intentions. 86% plan to start farming or are currently farming and plan to continue. 90% of those currently farming plan to increase the scale of their farming operations. 5% decided not to start farming or to discontinue their initial efforts. 59% changed their attitudes about how to operate a successful small farm business. 55% adopted plans or practices to increase their production efficiency. 43% adopted plans or practices to increase their environmental sustainability. 82% plan to increase their participation in future educational programs for fruit and vegetable producers. Participants estimated that they will grow approximately 40 acres of high-value fruits and vegetables in 2015. Participants were asked, "To what extent did this program meet your expectations?" Responses: Exceeded = 43% Completely = 32% Mostly = 25% Mostly not = 20% Not at all = 0% Participants were asked, “How much did this program help you in developing your farming plans?" Responses: A great deal = 68% Just what I needed = 9% Somewhat = 23% Very little = 0% Not at all = 0% Participants were asked to indicate which of the following documents they had completed at the end of the course. Responses: Business plan = 57% Production plan =47% Marketing plan = 36% Financial plan = 43% Participants were asked to indicate if at the end of the course they knew how to …. Responses: Access USDA programs and services (NRCS, FSA, etc.) = 95% Access markets = 90% Access business management support (SBDC, etc.) = 86% Access production information (seed catalogs, newsletters, production guides) = 97% Access grower networks = 81% Access credit = 86%

    Publications


      Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13

      Outputs
      Target Audience: Aspiring farmers, farmers with less than 5 years experience, educators, commodity farmers wanting to expand, and nonprofit community agriculture leaders. In YearOne: 74 participants completed our standard (English) program. Of these, 11 are bilingual and will assist with Spanish-language programming in Year Two. 6 Hispanic participants completed the Spanish-language program. 8 participants used incubator plots to gain hands-on farming skills. 36 educators (faculty, Extension educators, high school or community college agriculture teachers, and urban farming coordinators) attended one or more sessions to gain additional knowledge. Changes/Problems: In general, most approaches used in Year One and planned for Year Two have followed the plans outlined in the project proposal. We were able to provide Spanish-language instruction in only one portion of the state in Year One while educators were trained and curricula developed. We will expand to provide Spanish language instruction in all three regions of the state (north, central, and south) in Year Two. We have altered the scheduling of Spanish-language programming for northern and southern Illinois to meet the needs of the local target audiences. Instead of holding these classes monthly on Saturdays for 12 months, they will be held more frquently during the evening and span only January through March or April to better match the availability of potential participants. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? 36 educators (faculty, Extension educators, high school or community college agriculture teachers, and urban farming coordinators) attended one or more sessions to gain additional knowledge. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Power Point presentations and links to online references were disseminated as paper copies to all participants at classes and provided on a Wikispaces site for which all participants had access. Press releases, news articles, and newsletters have been used to recruit Year 2 participants and inform target audiences of this educational opportunity. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The course curriculum has been examined and modified for Year Two. Recorded Power Points (with audio) and resource lists will be completed for all curriculum topics and made available for open public access on the program's website. All presentations will be translated into Spanish and made available for open public access on the program's website, and Spanish-language resources and references will provided in support of all currculum topics. English-language classes (with hands-on opportunities and access to incubator plots) will be held monthly on Saturdays at 3 locations per month (north, south, and central) from December, 2013, through November, 2014. Approximately 90 participants are enrolled over the three locations. Spanish-language classes will be held at three locations as well -- in the north, one evening per week from January through April, 2014, in central IL one Saturday per month from January through December, 2014, and in southern IL two evenings per week from January through March, 2014. Approximately 30 participants are enrolled over the three locations.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? We held classes and provided hands-on and in-field experiences in English at three locations in Illinois in Year One. At each location, classes were held one Saturday per month, 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. 74 participants completed our standard (English) program. Of these, 11 are bilingual and will assist with Spanish-language programming in Year Two. 6 Hispanic participants completed the Spanish-language program at Carbondale. 8 participants used incubator plots to gain hands-on farming skills. 36 educators (faculty, Extension educators, high school or community college agriculture teachers, and urban farming coordinators) attended one or more sessions to gain additional knowledge. A teaching curriculum comprised of Power Point presentations and online references was developed to cover all topics presented. Power Point presentations and references were made available to participants via a Wikispaces classroom. Participant responses to questionnaires indicated that as a result of this program: 97% of participants experienced a change in knowledge, abilities, skills, and/or farming intentions. 76% changed their farming practices or plans. 71% adopted practices that increased their productivity. 50% adopted practices that increased profitability. 59% adopted practices that increased their environmental sustainability. 74% broadened their farming networks and support systems. 52% changed their business practices or plans. 66% developed a new farm plan. 48% changed their marketing practices or plans. 81% plan to increase their participation in future educational programs for fruit and vegetable producers. Participants were asked, "To what extent dis this program meet your expectations?" Responses: Exceeded = 47% Completely = 29% Mostly = 22% Mostley not = 2% Not at all = 0%

      Publications