Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:This project involves U.S./Mexico border communities with and without active dengue transmission. We have established research collaborations with local public health authorities in Key West, Florida; Tucson and Nogales, AZ in the United States and health departments and researchers in the following cities in Sonora, Mexico: Nogales, Santa Ana, Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregon. In addition to working with and increasing disease surveillance capacity of public health stakeholders, the community-based nature of our field work has involved direct interactions with over 200 residents on both sides of the US/Mexico border during this reporting period. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided continued training opportunities for two Entomology Ph.D. students, one Entomology Masters student, two Epidemiology Ph.D. students, 1 Public Health Masters student and at least 10 undergraduates at the University of Arizona. In addition, the extension of the project into Mexico has provided professional development opportunities to four Mexican public health workers, two recent college graduates from the Universidad de Sonora. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results have been provided in annual reports to the Sonora Department of Public Health. Results have also been shared through presentations to public health personnel in both Arizona and Sonora. Information has also been made available to stakeholders through an extension publication. Finally, results have been shared to other scientists through conferences and journal publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Given the first recorded transmission of Zika virus by Aedes aegypti in Sonora occurred in the summer of 2016, we plan to refocus our work to explore the movement of this virus north towards the U.S./Mexico border. In summer 2017, we will work with collaborators in the border city of Nogales, Sonora to collect Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and test them for the presence of Zika. At the same time, our collaborators will keep us informed on the locations of any suspected or confirmed Zika cases within the city. We will also work to publish results of the research from the previous two years.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Completed lab analyses of Ae. aegypti populations collected in Mexican cities with dengue transmission and U.S. and Mexican border cities without dengue. We continued our research along the north-south transmission gradient from Tucson to Hermosillo, MX, extending further south to Ciudad Obregon. We age-graded mosquitoes at 15 to 20 households in each of 5 communities along the transect. Final analyses ofresults indicate mosquitoes were less abundant and younger in the dengue endemic cities, possibly due to increased vector control, although mosquitoes in all cities were younger in 2015 than in previous years. We are currently working with the Mexican federal Secretaria de Salud to get geo-located data on the mosquito control measures in Sonoran cities involved in the study.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Ernst KC*, Walker KR*, Reyes-Castro P, Joy TK, Castro-Luque AL, Diaz Caravantes RE, Gameros M, Haenchen S, Hayden MH, Monaghan A, Jeffrey-Guttierez E, Carri�re Y, Riehle MA. 2016. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Longevity and Differential Emergence of Dengue Fever in Two Cities in Sonora, Mexico. J. Med Ent. (* First and second authors contributed equally to this work.) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjw141
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Haenchen, S.; Hayden, M.; Dickinson, K.; Walker, K.; Jacobs, E.; Brown, H.; Gunn, J.; Kohler, L.; Ernst, K.C., 2016. Mosquito avoidance practices and knowledge of arboviral diseases in cities with differing recent history of disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Oct 5;95(4):945-953.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Dickinson KL, Hayden MH, Haenchen S, Monaghan AJ, Walker KR., Ernst KC. 2016. Willingness to Pay for Mosquito Control in Key West, Florida and Tucson, Arizona. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 94(4):775-9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0666. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Gouge D, Li S, Walker K, Sumner C, Nair S, Olson C. 2016. Mosquitoes: Biology and Integrated Management. 12 pp. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication Number AZ1706. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1706-2016.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Walker, K. R., Ernst, K. C., Reyes-Castro, P., Riehle, M. A. Ecologia de Aedes aegypti y el Riesgo de Dengue en la Region de Arizona/Sonora [in Spanish] Simposio Binacional: Exploracion de los Aspectos Ambientales y de Salud del Zika, Dengue Chikungunya y la Fiebre Manchada, Nogales, Sonora, Oct. 14, 2016. Invited Speaker.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:This project involves U.S./Mexico border communities with and without active dengue transmission. We have established research collaborations with local public health authorities in Key West, Florida; Tucson and Nogales, AZ; Nogales, Sonora; and Hermosillo, Sonora. With the assistance of these collaborators, we have established data collection sites in these communities. We have also collaborated with health department personnel and faculty at the Instituto Tecnologica de Sonora (ITSON) to establish additional mosquito collection sites in the Sonoran cities of Santa Ana and Cuidad Obregon. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided continued training opportunities for one Entomology Masters student , two Epidemiology Ph.D. students, 1 Public Health Masters studentand at least 10 undergraduates at the University of Arizona. In addition, the extension of the project into Mexico has provided professional development opportunities to four Mexican public health workers, two recent college graduates from the Universidad de Sonora. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results have been provided in annual reports to the Sonora Department of Public Health. Presentations at Scientific meetings. Presentation to public health departments in Sonora, Mexico. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are currently analyzing data from previous years and preparing manuscripts for publication. We are also continuing our collaboration with Mexican researchers to collect mosquito vector data during 2016, when the Zika virus is expected to reach Sonora (it is currently active in the state of Sinaloa, directly south of Sonora).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Survey of 375 residences in Tucson to examine relationship between house age and Ae. aegypti abundance - results analyzed and positive relationship observed between household income and abundance of mosquito breeding sites. Initial work on manuscript preparation. Objective 2: Continued survey of variability of Aedes aegypti density and longevity in Tucson, AZ. As discussed below, we collected mosquito adults at 15 trapping sites in Tucson to determine density and analyzed the mosquitoes in the lab to determine age structure. We found Tucson mosquitoes to be generally young, but there was a significant increase in the proportion of older mosquitoes in August of both years of the study, suggesting a short period of higher risk for dengue transmission. Vector abundance was extremely high during the prolonged rainy season. Objective 3. Assess differences in density and age structure of Ae. aegypti populations between Mexican cities with dengue transmission and U.S. and Mexican border cities without dengue. We continued our research along the north-south transmission gradient from Tucson to Hermosillo, MX, extending further south to Ciudad Obregon. We collected and age mosquitoes at 15 to 20 households in each of 5 communities along the transect. Initial analyses of results indicate mosquitoes were less abundant and younger in the dengue endemic city of Hermosillo, possibly due to increased vector control efforts. We are currently working with the Sonoran Health Department to get geo-located data on the mosquito control measures.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ernst, K. C., Haenchen, S., Dickinson, K., Doyle, M., Walker, K. R., Monaghan, A., & Hayden, M. (2015). Awareness and Support of Release of Genetically Modified "Sterile" Mosquitoes, Key West, Florida, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 21(2).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentations at Scientific meetings:
-Walker, K. R., Ernst, K. C., Joy, T., Reyes-Castro, P., Carriere, Y., Castro, L., Riehle, M. A. (2015, September). Exploring differential emergence of dengue in two cities with established Aedes aegypti populations: A case study in Sonora, Mexico. 2015 Annual Meeting of the Society for Vector Ecology. Albuquerque, NM.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentation to public health departments in Sonora, Mexico:
-Walker, K. R., Ernst, K. C., Reyes-Castro, P., Castro, L., & Diaz-Cervantes, R. (2015, August). Factores que influyen en el riesgo de dengue en la regi�n Arizona-Sonora. Reunion sobre el control de enfermedades transmitido por insectos. Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico: Instituto Technologica de Sonora.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Presentation to public health departments in Sonora, Mexico:
-Walker, K. R., & Ernst, K. C. (2015, July). Factores que influyen en el riesgo de dengue en la regi�n Arizona-Sonora (in Spanish). Meeting with Sonoran Health Dept. in Santa Ana, Sonora.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience:This project involves U.S./Mexico border communities with and without active dengue transmission. We have established research collaborations with local public health authorities in Key West, Florida; Tucson and Nogales, AZ; Nogales, Sonora; and Hermosillo, Sonora. With the assistance of these collaborators, we have established data collection sites in these communities Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training opportunities for two Entomology Ph.D. students, two Epidemiology Ph.D. students, 4 Public Health Masters students and at least 10 undergraduates at the University of Arizona. In addition, the extension of the project into Mexico has provided professional development opportunities to fourMexican public health workers, two recent college graduates and 6 undergraduate students at the Universidad de Sonora. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of these studies have been presented in both English and Spanish atseveral public health department educational conferences in both the U.S. and Mexico. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue our research along the north-south transmission gradient from Tucson extending farther south to Ciudad Obregon in southern Sonora. We will add two additional cities within Sonora, Mexico (one with dengue transmission and one without). We will collect and age mosquitoes at 15 households in each of 6 communities along the transect.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Survey of 375 residences in Tucson to examine relationship between house age and Ae. aegypti abundance. Results showed a significant association between house age and total containers that could provide mosquito habitat, but the main factor associated with larval abundance was income (inverse relationship). Questionnaire of homeowners identified physical disability as a significant risk factor for the accumulation of containers around the home. Objective 2: Survey of variability of Aedes aegypti density and longevity in Tucson, AZ. As discussed below, we collected mosquito adults at 15 trapping sites in Tucson to determine density and analyzed the mosquitoes in the lab to determine age structure. We found Tucson mosquitoes to be generally young, but there was a significant increase in the proportion of older mosquitoes in August of both years of the study, suggesting a short period of higher risk for dengue transmission. Objective 3. Assess differences in density and age structure of Ae. aegypti populations between U.S. city with dengue transmission (Key West, FL) and without transmission (Tucson, AZ). Due to problems discussed in the previous report, we shifted our study to southern AZ and the border state of Sonora, Mexico. We continuedour research along the north-south transmission gradient from Tucson to Hermosillo, MX. We collected and age mosquitoes at 15 households in each of 4 communities along the transect. We also conducted a more extensive survey of mosquito density and age-structure in Hermosillo, Sonora, where public health efforts to control mosquitoes have greatly reduced but not eliminated the transmission of dengue. We collected mosquitoes at 40 trapping sites and conducted household questionnaires and surveys for larval breeding sites at 400 houses.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Ernst, K., Hayden, M., Walker, K., Castro, L., Caravantes, R., Castro-Reyes, P., et al. (2014, November). Diferencias en el riesgo del dengue a trav�s del norte de M�xico. El Colegio de Sonora Prevenci�n de riesgos para la salud de las poblaciones vulnerables. Hermosillo, SN.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Walker, K., & Ernst, K. (2014). Factores que influyen en el riesgo de dengue en la regi�n Arizona-Sonora. Training event for nurses & hospital staff - Hospital General Nogales. Nogales, Sonora, Mexico: Hospital General Nogales.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Ernst, K., Hayden, M., Walker, K., Castro, L., Caravantes, R., Castro-Reyes, P., et al. (2014, July). Aedes aegypti indices in the Arizona-Sonora border region. Arizona Department of Health Services Infectious Disease Epidemiology Conference. Phoenix, AZ.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Ernst, K., Hayden, M., Riehle, M., & Walker, K. (2014, August). Differential Emergence of Dengue in the Arizona-Sonora Desert Region: Understanding the Role of Social and Environmental Factors." International Society for Environmental Epidemiology.
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Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: This research involves U.S./Mexico border communities with and without active dengue transmission. We have established research collaborations with local public health authorities in Key West, Florida; Tucson and Nogales, AZ; Nogales, Sonora; and Hermosillo, Sonora. With the assistance of these collaborators, we have established data collection sites in these communities. Changes/Problems: The initial project aimed at working only within the United States. While we were able to collect data in Key West, Florida, extreme weather conditions and other factors made it difficult to establish research sites in Texas. We also observed extremely low mosquito densities in Florida due to active mosquito control, which suggests that the present ecological conditions observed in Key West may not accurately reflect conditions present during the outbreak of dengue. Therefore, we shifted to the U.S., Mexico border region. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? This project has provided training opportunities for two Entomology Ph.D. students, two Epidemiology Ph.D. students, 4 Public Health Masters students and at least 10 undergraduates at the University of Arizona. In addition, the extension of the project into Mexico has provided professional development opportunities to two Mexican public health workers, two recent college graduates and 4 undergraduate students at the Universidad de Sonora. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The work was presented at the US Public Health Service Scientific and Training Symposium in May 2013 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We plan to continue our research along the north-south transmission gradient from Tucson to Hermosillo, MX. We will collect and age mosquitoes at 15 households in each of 4 communities along the transect. This summer, we also plan a more extensive survey of mosquito density and age-structure in Hermosillo, Sonora, where public health efforts to control mosquitoes have greatly reduced but not eliminated the transmission of dengue.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We have completed extensive assessments of mosquito density in Tucson, AZ and Key West, FL. Work in Nogales (both Arizona and Sonora) are on-going. Initial analyses indicate that mosquito densities are actually higher in Tucson (without dengue transmission) than in Key West (with dengue transmission). Molecular age assessments of the field-caught mosquitoes are nearing completion. The age structure observed in Tucson mosquitoes indicates an overwhelmingly young population. We are still analyzing the Key West data.
Publications
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