Source: UNIV OF WISCONSIN submitted to NRP
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: GAUGING THE PUBLIC AND ENGAGING KEY ACTORS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0229094
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2012
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2015
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF WISCONSIN
21 N PARK ST STE 6401
MADISON,WI 53715-1218
Performing Department
Forest and Wildlife Ecology
Non Technical Summary
Sustainable energy platforms (e.g., cellulosic biofuels, biogas, solar, etc.) have and will continue to transform energy production and policy with myriad effects on land use, local communities, and regional economies. Public perceptions and preferences are critical, but understudied, factors in energy planning and development. In this integrated project, we study public views and engage key actors (i.e., extension educators, local and state leaders, planners) toward sustainable energy through two objectives. (1) Investigate and segment public perceptions and leadership preferences (i.e., who and at what scale) associated with sustainable energy. (2) Build capacity among key actors to interpret and apply social science findings toward effective planning and policy efforts. Our research component investigates and segments public perceptions and preferred "loci of leadership" for sustainable energy along two dimensions: (a) local to global, and (b) private-public-non-profit. Methods include a statewide mail survey of Wisconsin households (n = 1,200), and follow-on 5-7 focus groups to enhance data interpretation. Research questions we explore include, What perceptions and preferences do residents hold with respect to different sustainable energy platforms And, Where does the public see the loci of leadership for sustainable energy development (and energy more broadly) Our extension component interactively and iteratively engages key actors toward increased capacity to apply social science research to effectively incorporate public views in energy-related processes. Of note is our strong integrated project team that spans research, extension, and energy expertise. EXPECTED OUTCOMES are fourfold. (a) Strong foundational research that explores and segments public perception and preferences associated with sustainable energy, in particular the identification of loci of leadership that is both of scholarly and practical importance; (b) Increased capacity among extension educators and local and state policymakers and planner to apply social science research to sustainable energy planning and programming with anticipated implications for other emerging domains (e.g., climate change) as well; (c) Continued graduate student involvement, both formally through the research assistantship and informally through whole-lab projects, will train future professionals to better interface science, research, practice, and policy--important skills to advance society; and (d) Stronger ties among campus-based faculty, extension educators, leaders, and planners to foster future integrated projects that address local needs, advance knowledge, and further the Wisconsin Idea.
Animal Health Component
60%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
60%
Developmental
30%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6086010306032%
6086050306032%
8036010306018%
8036050306018%
Goals / Objectives
In this integrated project, we study public preferences and engage key actors toward better incorporating public views in sustainable energy through TWO OBJECTIVES. (1) Investigate and segment public perceptions and leadership preferences (i.e., who and at what scale) associated with sustainable energy. (2) Build capacity among key actors (i.e., extension educators, local and state leaders, planners, etc.) to interpret and apply social science findings in sustainable energy planning and policy. These objectives are intended to create FOUR OUTCOMES and THEIR ASSOCIATED OUTPUTS. (a) Strong foundational social science research (i.e., qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys) that explores and segments public perception and preferences associated with sustainable energy, resulting in 2-3 scholarly publications. (b) Increased capacity among extension educators and local and state policymakers and planner, through delivery of 3-5 regionalized interactive workshops for key actors that will result in or inform local energy planning. (c) Graduate student involvement, notably through the training of 1 MS or PhD student. (d) Stronger ties among campus-based faculty, extension educators, leaders, and planners to foster future integrated projects that address local needs, advance knowledge, and further the Wisconsin Idea.
Project Methods
Our RESEARCH design relies on two techniques. (1) We will investigate and segment public perceptions, preferences, and loci of leadership for sustainable energy using a mail survey. (2) We will conduct focus groups to inform survey data interpretation and the project's extension component. As initially proposed the survey would precede the focus groups, but reviewer comments suggested a reversed approach might be more appropriate. Decisions on this item will be made after the project starts. MAIL SURVEY. We will conduct a Wisconsin household mail survey building on our collective experiences in SW Wisconsin) It will be a four-wave mail survey of 1,200 Wisconsin households. To address our research questions, we anticipate that the questionnaire items will include items on different energy platforms, their strengths and weaknesses; measures of environmental, energy, and governance values, metrics to identify loci of leadership; information sources; and socio-demographic characteristics. Data analysis will entail the use of appropriate statistical techniques. FOCUS GROUPS. We will conduct 5-7 focus groups across the state to also explore public perceptions of sustainable energy. Each focus group will include 6-8 participants and be held at locations convenient to the participants. During each focus group, participants will be asked to respond to and discuss 7-10 open-ended questions. Focus groups will be audio-recorded for subsequent qualitative analysis. We will use qualitative data analysis techniques that identify salient themes and relationships. EXTENSION PROGRAM. (1) We will conduct 3-5 regionalized workshops for key actors in which we share preliminary findings from the research component as well as other studies and conceptual frameworks. We expect each workshop to include 15-20 key actors. (2) During these workshops, we will allow for extended discussion and brainstorming exercises in which learners share their reactions, thoughts, and ideas. Participants, including our project team, will then discuss and prioritize feedback with a key output being a draft action plan for future work. We envision that the action plan will include both relatively simple and more expansive tasks. The action plan will include commitments from key actors to participate and contribute moving forward. (3) To the extent feasible, we will then implement the action plan. Moreover, this process will build collaborative working relationships among project team members to effectively span research and implementation. As an initial evaluation element, we will ask workshop participants to complete pre- and post-workshop evaluations to assess knowledge shifts and similar metrics. Prior to completion of this Hatch project, we will also ask participants to qualitatively reflect upon their experiences. This evaluation will focus on the extent to which action plan items are implemented, new projects/proposals emerge, and participants remain engaged. To ensure that evaluation remains a focus, action plan development will include the development of a logic model to document efforts and track impacts.

Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:One graduate student continued to work on the project during this period. She will use data generated from this project as a basis for her dissertation. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the reporting period, the project supported graduate student, Ela Kakde, as a graduate research assistant. She is pursuing a PhD in Urban and Regional Planning. She primarily pursued course work during this year and further developed the project's cenceptual framework and work on a second survey. Kakde further benefited from informal mentoring through participation with the UWEX bioenergy-bioeconomy team. Project lead Mark Rickenbach provided mentoring to Kakde. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Former gradaute student Spartz presented findings to communications scholars. Citation: Spartz, JT; Shaw, BR; Rickenbach, M (2015, June). Place attachment and interest in bioenergy information, information seeking, and support for community investment. Accepted manuscript. International Environmental Communication Association, 13th biennial Conference on Communication and Environment, Boulder, CO. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACTS: WRT#1: While much research related to bioenergyhas focused on landowner perspectives for producing biomass to supply potential future bioenergy demands, there has been relatively little research on regional public opinion and perceptions of land use change associated with bioenergy production. This project yielded new information on theperceptions of potential bioenergy land use implicationsamong the general public by using a natural experiment using narrative frames of agriculture and forestry. Results founddifferences in public perceptions between agricultural and forestry frames. Relatively high levels of uncertainty were found across both frames, but were especially notable in terms offuture impacts on local energy prices in the forestry frame. Understanding how land use frames can influence perceptions about bioenergy system development can help facilitate more effective communication while addressing potential uncertainties when moderating or participating in stakeholder group deliberation regarding bioenergy and related land use change[adapted from abstract of Spartz, Rickenbach, & Shaw 2015]. Our second paper (Spartz, Rickenbach, & Shaw,in review) explores how place attachment can act as a fundamental organizing principle to foster bioenergy planning and development. When considering potential land use change, place attachment values may act as subtle but influential factors for citizens developing opinions and considering information seeking regarding potential future bioenergy-related land use scenarios. Survey data from a random sample of citizens in the mixed land use region of southwest Wisconsin where agricultural and forested land comprise the predominantly rural landscape form the basis for analysis. Results find that place attachment can be predictive of information interest and information seeking related to bioenergy and potential land use change. Although place attachment is stronglyassociated with support for community investment in locally produced bioenergy, the measure used here was not a significant predictor of support for community investment. Significant predictors of support for community investment do include willingness to engage in information seeking as well as belief that America's dependence on foreign oil is an important issue. On-going work (beyond end of project) will continue on a second survey that expands the scope of prior work. Hatch support will be acknowledged in subsequent published (and presented work). Nothing substantive to report on objective 2 as the focus was on the research aspects of the project.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2015 Citation: Spartz, J.T., M. Rickenbach, & B.R. Shaw. In revision. Place attachment and interest in bioenergy information, information seeking, and support for community investment. Society and Natural Resources.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Spartz, J.T., M. Rickenbach, & B.R. Shaw. 2015. Public perceptions of bioenergy and land use change: Comparing narrative frames of agriculture and forestry. Biomass and Bioenergy 75(Apr. 2010):1-10. [this replaces 'in review' Energy Policy paper previously reported]
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Spartz, JT; Shaw, BR; Rickenbach, M. 2015. Place attachment and interest in bioenergy information, information seeking, and support for community investment. Accepted manuscript. International Environmental Communication Association, 13th biennial Conference on Communication and Environment, Boulder, CO. June 2015.


Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Graduate students whom have at various times been employed on the study or rely on the data to develop their dissertations. Extension faculty who work in the study area covered by the preliminary survey (i.e., SW Wisconsin) Community members and leaders who work in the study area covered by the preliminary survey (i.e., SW Wisconsin) Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? GRADUATE STUDENTS: During the reporting period, the project supported graduate student, Ela Kakde, as a graduate research assistant. She is pursuing a PhD in Urban and Regional Planning. She primarily pursued course work during this year and further developed the project's cenceptual framework. Kakde further benefited from informal mentoring through participation with the UWEX bioenergy-bioeconomy team. The project also maintains a continuing relationship with former graduate student, James Spartz, who used project data as part of his PhD research in Life Science Communications. Spartz graduate in August 2014 with a PhD in Life Science Communications. Project lead Mark Rickenbach provided mentoring and advising to both Kakde and Spartz during this period. EXTENSION FACULTY: Kakde presented 3-county survey results to 14 Community Development (CNRED) & agricultural ANRE educators.This was of particular interest to the educators within those counties who work with various stakeholders in the region surveyed (5/2014) . How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? COMMUNITY MEMBERS AND LEADERS. Kakde met with three groups to discuss or present findings. (1) Lafayette County agricultural, conservation, and local government leaders to discuss potential of bioenergy to impact local economic development (2/2014). (2) Multi-county planning council to discuss 3-county results in the context of region development and energy planning (5/2014). (3) Multi-county resource conservation and development board to share results and provide insights on framing bioenergy in communications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The main focus for the last year is completed the statewide survey in Spring 2015, followed by data analysis and publishing in academic journals. These results will inform further professional development with extension and academic peers, as well for outreach to community leaders.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACTS: (1) We provided professional development and outreach to community leaders to increase their public interest and knowledge related to bioenergy, with a particular focus on how framing impacts public understanding. (2) One graduate student supported by this project completed his PhD and secured a faculty position at Unity College in Maine. PROGRESS. With respect to objective 1, we continue to work toward a statewide survey to be conducted in 2015 that will build on our prior 3-county to explore how public perceptions and leadership preferences shape the potential for sustainable energy planning. Toward this end, we have met with stakeholders to informally gather their ideas when presenting preliminary findings. We have also met with survey design specialists to begin the process of sample creation and questionnaire design. We also secured funding to fully fund the mail survey (initial project resources did not fully cover survey costs). This objective also included graduate student advising and mentoring, which are an essential part of the graduate experience and key to achieving optimal research design, execution, and analysis. For objective 2, we presented findings to both extension faculty and community organizations as detailed in the next two sections.

Publications


    Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

    Outputs
    Target Audience: GRADUATE STUDENTS. During the reporting period, the project supported graduate student, Ela Kakde, as a graduate research assistant. She is pursuing a PhD in Urban and Regional Planning. She primarily pursued course work during this year and further developed the project's cenceptual framework. The project also maintains a continuing relationship with graduate student, James Spartz, who is using project data as part of his PhD research in Life Science Communications. Project lead Mark Rickenbach provide mentoring and advising to both Kakde and Spartz. GENERAL PULBIC. Graduate student Spartz was interviewed related to early project survey findings by a local Wisconsin radio station in January 2013. WRCO serves Richland County, Wisconsin and the surrounding areas. Richland County is one of three counties included in the pilot study that this project extended and expanded.The station could not provide an estimate of audience. The audio recording was re-purposed for a blog post on the Department of Life Science Communication website, available athttp://lsc.wisc.edu/latest-news/lsc-doctoral-candidate-james-spartz-interviewed-on-wrco-radio-in-richland-center/. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? As noted in the 'Target Audiences' section, GENERAL PULBIC. Graduate student Spartz was interviewed related to early project survey findings by a local Wisconsin radio station in January 2013. WRCO serves Richland County, Wisconsin and the surrounding areas. Richland County is one of three counties included in the pilot study that this project extended and expanded.The station could not provide an estimate of audience. The audio recording was re-purposed for a blog post on the Department of Life Science Communication website, available athttp://lsc.wisc.edu/latest-news/lsc-doctoral-candidate-james-spartz-interviewed-on-wrco-radio-in-richland-center/. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The primary focus in the coming year will be data collection both through a statewide opinion poll and qualitative interviews. Data will also be analyzed. We will also focus on design and delivery of extension interventions.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Toward objective #1, graduate student Kakde conducted an extensive literature review related to renewable energy platforms and community development. Her framework is to form the basis of the statewide public opinion survey and qualitative interviews outlined in the original proposal. Her work to date has also identified case studies of successful and unsuccessful case studies of local renewable energy projects. The developed framework will be the basis for a planning literature contribution to be submitted in Spring 2014. Toward objective #2, graduate student Kakde and PI Rickenbach have continued to regularly interact with the bioenergy and bioeconomy team of the UWEX-Cooperative Extension. This includes regular participation in team meetings and contributions to listserves. These interactions are intended to build awareness and interest in the project toward future sharing of results. Moreover, Kakde has regular interactions with university researchers and business and community leaders that both inform research design and will be essential in communicating results.

    Publications

    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Spartz, J.T., M. Rickenbach, & B. Shaw. 2012. Public Perceptions, Master Frames & Information-Seeking on Bioenergy: A Mixed-Methods Regional Case Study [invited poster]. Bioenergy Futures: Technical Feasibility Meets Social Sustainability. 30 Nov  1 Dec 2012. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2013 Citation: Spartz, J.T., M.G. Rickenbach, & B.R. Shaw. In review. Public perceptions of bioenergy and land use change: Comparing narrative frames of agriculture and forestry. Energy Policy.


    Progress 10/01/12 to 12/31/12

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: Three months into the project, PI Rickenbach and graduate student Spartz continue to analyze exploratory data on resident perceptions of biofuel feedstock production. The focus of the exploratory study was three counties in southwestern Wisconsin, which this study will take statewide. Analysis entails standard statistical analysis of mail survey data. The mail survey response exceeded 60%. PI Rickenbach also provided graduate student mentoring to PhD student Spartz and incoming PhD student Kakde. Graduate student Spartz presented preliminary findings via poster [Spartz, J.T., M. Rickenbach, & B. Shaw. 2012. Public Perceptions, Master Frames & Information-Seeking on Bioenergy: A Mixed-Methods Regional Case Study [invited poster]. Bioenergy Futures: Technical Feasibility Meets Social Sustainability. 30 November - 1 December 2012. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.]. Graduate student Spartz served on panel as part of same conference. PI Rickenbach, in part on the basis of this project, became co-leader of the UWEX Cooperative Extension Bioenergy and Bioeconomy Team. PARTICIPANTS: PI-Rickenbach provided overall project leadership, including assuming co-leadership of the broader UWEX Cooperative Extension Bioenergy and Bioeconomy Team. Graduate Student Spartz provided analysis of pilot study data and presented preliminary findings at scientific conference. Collaborators Baye, Walsh, and Kakde (the latter an incoming PhD student to the project) provided consultation to Rickenbach and Spartz. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    Preliminary survey findings indicate residents in the three-county pilot study hold different perceptions of the land uses associated with different bioenergy feedstock (i.e., forests versus croplands). Additional analysis is needed, but this suggests that residents view different land uses through different socio-cultural lenses. That is, crop biomass and forest biomass are not necessarily equally substitutable from a planning perspective. Residents tie different social and cultural meaning (and potential political preferences) to different land uses. Future work will continue to explore this and other dimensions of the pilot findings and through additional data collection.

    Publications

    • No publications reported this period