Source: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE submitted to NRP
COMPETITIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SOUTHERN DAIRY INDUSTRY (S-217)
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0228999
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
SERA-15
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2009
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2014
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE
2621 MORGAN CIR
KNOXVILLE,TN 37996-4540
Performing Department
Animal Science
Non Technical Summary
The dairy industry within Tennessee, and the Southeastern portion of the US in general, is on the decline. This may be attributed to multiple factors but two of the most pressing concerns for producers are a) the challenges of producing high quality milk that consumers in the US and aboard are demanding and b) the higher production costs associated with milk production in this region. One area of applied research that can address these issues detrimentally affecting the sustainability of SE dairy production is the relationship between cow comfort (or the overall welfare of dairy cows) and their overall productivity (defined both by the volume and quality of milk produced). To further our understanding of this relationship, the proposed series of research objectives address limitations within the primary literature that may be preventing the use of alternative housing systems (bedded packs) or enhanced (freestall system with access to outdoor exercise paddock) that could increase the welfare of dairy cows during the transition period, the use of pasture to house dry cows within the South, and the interaction of stocking density and other aspects of farm management. The series of proposed experiments will establish a scientific basis for recommendations on stocking density within the bedded pack space and grouping strategies based on parity, housing of dry cows on pasture to promote their welfare, and further define the spatial needs of lactating cows. The outcome of these recommendations will be the ability to define optimal space, defined as meeting the needs of the cow without providing excessive space per cow, across multiple housing systems and stages of lactation.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
31534101060100%
Goals / Objectives
Create a forum for university researchers, extension specialists and agents and regulatory personnel with responsibility for milk production and marketing to share their common concerns for the competitiveness and sustainability of the Southern Dairy Industry. Exchange information about existing and expected conditions impacting the southern dairy industry and identify gaps in information and data bases critical to the resolution of challenges resulting from those conditions. Facilitate multi-state extension programs for training agents and producers based on researchable issues affecting the Southern dairy industry. Disseminate information to industry participants and policy makers. Provide a forum for Southern Dairy Industry stakeholders to give feedback in setting research and outreach priorities at Universities in the Southeast. Interface with Southeast United Dairy Industry Association, Inc (SUDIA) personnel in the promotion of the dairy industry.
Project Methods
The proposed research focuses on establishing the connection between the welfare of a dairy cow and her overall productivity. To address this overall goal, the effects of housing and stocking density on the welfare of dairy cows at various stages of the lactation cycle will be evaluated. Within these projects, welfare will be define as the interaction among behavior, biological function, and affective state. Behavioral data will be collected in three primary ways. First, lying behaviors (time per day and bouts per day), activity, and total steps will be collected using IceTags, which are a datalogger built by IceRobotics (Edinburgh, Scotland, UK) specifically for behavioral research with cattle. Additionally, these same dataloggers will be used to collect feeding data (time per day) within freestall and pasture housing. Rumination behavior will be collected using a rumination collar (Qwes H - HR, Lely Holding S.a.r.l., The Netherlands). Social behaviors will be collected using video data analyzed with continuous sampling. Biological function will be established from milk yields recorded by the milking units within the parlor, milk components (fat, protein, and somatic cells), and feed intake. Finally, affective stage will be determine either from cortisol metabolites contained within fecal samples or serum concentrations of lactate, depending on the specific objective. Additional data will be collected on the hygiene of the udder and legs due to its known association with udder health and milk quality.

Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Dairy producers, professionals in the allied dairy industries, extension specialists, extension agents, university scientists, and policy makers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Participating in the Southern Dairy Conference has contributed both training and professional development opportunities. My role on the planning committee has provided an avenue for regular interactions with my colleagues in dairy extension throughout the Southeast. From these relationships, there was successful USDA-NIFA grant submissions, joint extension meetings, and other professional interactions. These sorts of activities are expected to continue due to my engagement with this multi-state committee. Additionally, my involvement with the planning of the Southern Dairy Conference has be key for my continued training in the economic side of dairy production. This is a focus that is well outside of my area of expertise and my interactions with ag-focused economists on the committee and have helped me tremendously in this area. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The outputs of this multi-state are disseminated directly to the communities of interest by holding the conference on an annual basis. There is a website maintained by the group that is a further source of information to those interested in the topics. Archived versions of the talks from previous years are available here as well as information on the upcoming meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? My primary engagement will be holding the 2015 conference and planning the meeting for 2016.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? There were 2 primary accomplishments related to the stated goals of the project in 2014. 1. The 40th annual Southern Dairy Conference was held in Atlanta, GA from January 13-15. During the various sessions, talks addressed a wide range of topics that challenge dairy farms in the Southeastern US as well as providing a forum for the exchange of ideas among researchers, extension specialists, agents, and regulatory personnel; disseminate information to various stakeholders, and interact with SUDIA (who are part of the program). 2. The remained of 2014 was dedicated to organizing and planning the 41st annual Southern Dairy Conference that will January 20-21. My primary efforts to this goal were being engaged in the process of planning. My main contribution was the section of the 41st annual meeting that will address animal welfare concerns. Along with the general theme, I recommended and helped lined up the speakers that will participate in this section.

Publications


    Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

    Outputs
    Target Audience: As the main focus of the SERA-IEG-15 is the Southern Dairy Conference, the main audience for my efforts during the reporting period are the dairy producers along with those within the allied industries and other stakeholders of the southern dairy industry. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The development of the program for the annual Southern Dairy Conference provides a regular means to engage in professional development with my colleagues from partnering universities. The connections made through this opportunity has also lead to my involvement with the leadership team for the DAIReXNET website. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A website is maintained for the Southern Dairy Conference which includes achieved versions of the talks presented. This serves as the main means to disseminate the direct activities of this committee to the communities of interest. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? I plan to remain engaged with the planning process of the 41st Southern Dairy Conference, the Scientific Advisory Board for SUDIA, and any training opportunities offered by SUDIA. I also plan to publish research results in scientific journals, with proper acknowledgement of NIFA support, for my colleagues to use within the Extension activities.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Under this major goal, the 40th Annual Southern Dairy Conference was planned throughout 2013 and held between January 13 to 15, 2014. A wide range of topics spanning from a forum featuring CEOs of the major milk cooperatives to opportunities for grazing were covered within the symposium. 2. Regular meeting were held for planning which provided a formate to discuss challenges to the southern dairy industry and develop an agenda for the conference based on addressing this gaps. 3. The University of Tennessee and the University of Kentucky collaborated on the revisions of the Sustainable Dairy Systems Manual throughout the past year. The Southeast Quality Milk Initaitive was also implemented which includes the University of Tennessee and other Universities that participate within this multi-state committee. 4. We have published a quarterly dairy newsletter, UT Parlor, to disseminate information to dairy participants, policy makers, and those within the allied industries. 5. The Southern Dairy Conference provided a forum for feedback on the outreach and research missions of participating universities. 6. I participated in the SUDIA Scientific Advisory Board, the annual meeting within TN, and other opportunities for interaction. SUDIA was also provided an opportunity to update stakeholders as part of the Southern Dairy Conference's Agenda.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Krawczel, P. D. 2013. Improving cow comfort in tie-stall housing. DAIReXNET webpage. http://www.extension.org/pages/70208/improving-cow-comfort-in-tie-stall-housing#.UzrrTNxNvnc. Accessed: April 1, 2014
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Daniel, J. A., P. D. Krawczel, and B. K. Whitlock. 2013. Effect of meloxicam on gain and behavior of calves castrated by banding preweaning. J. Dairy Sci. 96(Suppl. 1):529.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kurman, C. A., D. Paulsen, R. T. Trout-Fryxell, and P. D. Krawczel. 2013 The effect of muscid flies on the welfare of pre-weaned dairy calves. Page 11 in Proc. 57th Livestock Insect Workers Conference (LIWC), Nebraska City, NE.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kurman, C. A. and P. D. Krawczel. 2013. Behaviour of pasture-housed Holstein dairy cows approaching parturition. Page 148 in Proc. 47th Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology (ISAE), Florianopolis, Brazil.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kurman, C. K. and P. D. Krawczel. Solo no longer. Hoards Dairyman, August, 2013
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Krawczel, P. D. and H. M. Dann. Limit pen moves, reduce transition stress. May, 2013
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Krawczel, P. D., G. M. Pighetti, R. A. Almeida, S. I. Headrick, L. J. Siebert, M. Lewis, C. Young, R. A. Black, and S. P. Oliver. 2013. Behavioral response to mastitis challenge from Holstein dairy cows in early lactation. Page in Proc. 2nd International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare (IRCAEW), Rongchang, Chongqing, China.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kurman, C. A. and P. D. Krawczel. 2013. Effect of bedding surface on the welfare of preweaned Jersey calves. J. Dairy Sci. 96(Suppl. 1):182.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Krawczel, P. D., J. A. Carroll, N. C. Burdick Sanchez, J. W. Dailey, J. A. Daniel, J. F. Coetzee, and B. K. Whitlock. 2013. Meloxicam mediates short-term behavioral changes of castrated calves. J. Dairy Sci. 96(Suppl. 1):533.
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Krawczel, P. D. Forget tail docking: Ways to improve cow hygiene. Hoards Dairyman. February, 2013
    • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Krawczel, P. D and R. Grant. 2013. Effects of cow comfort on milk quality, productivity, and behavior. DAIReXNET webpage. http://www.extension.org/pages/70107/effects-of-cow-comfort-on-milk-quality-productivity-and-behavior#.UqimNqXtDnc. Accessed: November 21, 2013


    Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: Over the past decade, the southeastern dairy states experienced steady, consistent decline in both farm and cow numbers, which is occurring despite strong population growth within the majority of the states of this region. The overall objective of the SERA015 multi-state committee was to address this decline and sustain the region's dairy industry through effective communication among the educators and researchers who remain in the area. In my role as the Dairy Research and Extension Specialist at the University of Tennessee, I was engaged in all six specific objectives of the SERA015 multi-state project. In the context of Objective 1 of SERA015, "create a forum for university researchers, extension specialists and agents and regulatory personnel with responsibility for milk production and marketing to share their common concerns for the competitiveness and sustainability of the Southern Dairy Industry", I presented at and attended the Southern Dairy Conference. The title of this presentation was "Improving Animal Well-Being Through Facilities Management". Subsequently, I was an active participant in the planning activities for the 2013 Southern Dairy Conference that occurred throughout 2012. In the context of Objective 2, exchange information about existing and expected conditions impacting the southern dairy industry and identify gaps in information and data bases critical to the resolution of challenges resulting from those conditions, I participated in the annual SERA015 meeting and updated fellow educators and researchers on the state of TN's dairy industry and the Department of Animal Science at the University of Tennessee. In the context of Objective 3, facilitate multi-state extension programs for training agents and producers based on researchable issues affecting the Southern dairy industry, I collaborated with researchers and extension specialists from the University of Kentucky and Ohio State University to organize and hold a meeting on composting bedded pack housing for dairy cows, which targeted dairy producers, extension agents, and relevant government officials. In the context of Objective 4, disseminate information to industry participants and policy makers, I have engaged the TN Department of Agriculture about dairy-related extension programming and the Tennessee Dairy Producers Association about dairy-related extension programming and research activities at UT. Similar to Objective 1, the Southern Dairy Conference provides the forum for stakeholder input on research and outreach priorities at universities in the SE that is dictated within Objective 5. Additional efforts were made in this objective through attending meetings of the Tennessee Dairy Producers Association and the Dairy Advocacy Group organized through UT. Lastly, my commitment to Objective 6, interface with Southeast United Dairy Industry Association, Inc (SUDIA) personnel in the promotion of the dairy industry, was fulfilled through becoming a member of SUDIA's scientific advisory board and attending their media training. PARTICIPANTS: Active collaborative relationships were established with the University of Kentucky and Ohio State University related to extension programming. TARGET AUDIENCES: The primary target audience was dairy producers, policy makers, county extension agents, and extension specialists. These audiences are reached through participation in the annual Southern Dairy Conference. The objective of this meeting is to facilitate effective communication among the remaining educators and researchers at Universities in the Southeast. Other means of contact included extension-related activities, guest speaking engagements at relevant meetings/workshops, and articles in popular press publications. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    As established within the stated objectives of the SERA015, the major outcome and impact of my involvement with this multi-state is accomplished from holding the annual Southern Dairy Conference. In 2012, this meeting brought together over 100 individuals, who furthered their knowledge on the issues effecting the competitiveness and sustainability of the southeastern dairy industry. As expected in the formation of the SERA015, the interaction of this group yielded further efforts in collaborative outreach. In 2012, this was evident in the multi-state composting bedded pack housing meetings organized by faculty from the University of Tennessee, the University of Kentucky, and Ohio State University. The knowledge presented at these meetings represents an opportunity for producers, government officials, and those within the allied industries to understand the challenges and opportunities for dairy production in the southeast. The relationships facilitated at these meetings will continue to lead to further collaborative extension, and research, efforts. Furthermore, the success of the interactions that stemmed from these meetings lead the exchange of information and ideas that ensures future collaborative efforts.

    Publications

    • No publications reported this period