AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CONTROL OF BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASES (NC-1027)

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 0228728
• Multistate No.: NC-_OLD1192
• Project Start Date: Oct 1, 2011
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2016
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
410 MRAK HALL
DAVIS,CA 95616-8671

Performing Department
Animal Science

Non Technical Summary
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the largest single natural cause of death of U.S. beef and dairy cattle representing annual losses that exceed 1 million animals and in excess of $2 billion. The diagnosis and management of BRD is greatly hindered by the absence of an all-in-one, quick and cheap diagnostic assay and an active ongoing surveillance programs. There are currently no diagnostic panels that will test for the presence of bacteria and virus strains most commonly associated with BRD in a single assay. The assays performed are often time consuming (>1 day), are not strain specific, and typically cost in excess of $100 per case. Furthermore, they are unable to differentiate vaccine strains from wildtype infections which is necessary in an active surveillance program. This latter point is particularly of importance with recent studies showing modified live virus vaccine strains persisting in animals. We will use state of the art technologies to identify the unique signatures of pathogens associated with BRD to create a diagnostic test that can quickly and cheaply identify the major BRD pathogens by their signatures in a single test from one sample. It is anticipated the assay will be adopted by veterinary diagnostic laboratories readily and as the assay is significantly cheaper than current assays managers of beef and dairy products will use these assays to identify pathogens associated with BRD on their property to develop better management strategies.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

(N/A)

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
311	3310	1080	50%
311	3410	1080	50%

Knowledge Area
311 - Animal Diseases;

Subject Of Investigation
3310 - Beef cattle, live animal; 3410 - Dairy cattle, live animal;

Field Of Science
1080 - Genetics;

Keywords

brd diagnostic assay

luminex

next generation sequencing

antibiotic resistance

surveillance

Goals / Objectives
Objective: To aid the rapid identification and subsequent management of BRD by developing, validating and guiding the application of new state-of-the-art diagnostic tools. Specific aims: 1. Use massively parallel sequencing to screen the microbial flora of animals suffering respiratory disease symptoms housed in the "hospital" or "treatment" pen of large beef and dairy cattle operations. 2. Use massively parallel sequencing to sequence commercial modified live virus (MLV) vaccine strains 3. Develop a BRD diagnostic xMAP Luminex assay using the information generated in specific aims 1 and 2 as well as from public and collaborator sequence databases 4. To compare the sensitivity, selectivity and robustness of the Luminex assay to established assays used to detect BRD at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory. 5. Develop web based extension tools to train students and diagnostic laboratory staff on the running of the new assay Expected output: A single multiplex assay that can detect the major pathogens associated with BRD from one sample in a timely and cost effective manner compared to current methods and web-based Luminex assay training tools.

Project Methods
Scientific methods: A multiplexed assay panel utilizing signatures specific to multiple loci of BRD pathogens will be developed using a liquid microbead array based on the Luminex xMAP platform using the sequence information generated in specific aims 1 and 2 as well as public and collaborator sequence databases. Central to this task is the ability to identify signature sequences, potentially degenerate, that can identify pathogen species and ideally differentiate strains. Additionally, the assay will contain probes specific to strains used in modified live vaccines. Task 1. Use next generation sequencing to screen the microbial flora associated with animals suffering respiratory disease symptoms housed in the "hospital" or "treatment" pen of large beef and dairy cattle operations. Deep pharyngeal swabs will be taken from sick and control animals.Using this approach we will potentially identify antibiotic resistance genes, vaccine escape variants as well as new (known or novel) pathogens that are possibly associated with BRD. Task 2. Use pyrosequencing to sequence commercial modified live virus (MLV) strains Task 3 Computationally design and wet bench testing of in silico candidate signature sets for specific detection of agents using standardized panels of likely background confounders, targets and phylogenetic near-neighbors. Task 4. Develop panels of multiplexed RT-PCR assays with Luminex suspension array detection. Task 5 Demonstrate multiplex signature assay compatibility and specificity. Task 4 To compare the sensitivity, specificity and robustness of the Luminex assay compared to established pathogen detection assays used by the state accredited California Animal health and Food Services laboratory at University of California, Davis. Efforts - Develop web based extension tools to train students, diagnostic laboratory staff in the running of the new assay. - To train a postdoctoral scholar in metagenomic analysis of microbial communities including the construction of metagenomic libraries for pyrosequencing and the analysis of the data as well as the design and development of a Luminex assay. . Evaluation The success of the project will be indicated by: 1. The compilation of the nasal microflora of sick and healthy cattle, which has not previously been done 2. Sequence compilation of unpublished vaccine strains 3. The development of a single assay to detect the major BRD pathogens from a single sample with comparable or greater sensitivity, selectivity, robustness to established assays used in the state veterinary laboratory.

Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience reached through these efforts included scientists (academic and industry), educators, veterinarians (academic and private practice), producers, and policy makers, as well as undergraduate, graduate and veterinary students. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Several students have been involved on this project including Sasha Dubrovsky who was a Master's student working on risk factors affecting BRD in preweaned dairy calves, and post-doctoral researcher Justin Buchanan who is working on determing the value of using genomics to select against BRD on a vertically-integrated beef cattle enterprise. Former Master's student Bryan Welly was also involved in the latter project. The 2014 BRD Symposium provided training and development for producers and veterinarians, as well as students, through the dissemination of new information that is directly applicable to feedlots and dairies, not only in the U.S., but globally. Presentations provided cutting edge information in a variety of fields, from recognized experts, and the structure of the meeting allowed for the audience to see how all of these subjects fit together in the management of this complex disease. A poster presentation provided attending students with a platform to share their work and discuss their findings with experts in this field. The availability of published papers (all proceedings papers were published in Animal Health Research Reviews and proceedings books are available upon request) and recorded presentations (all are available on the ebeef.org YouTube channel) will continue to provide training to interested parties in the future. Recordings from the AABP BRD symposium are accessible on the ebeef.org YouTube channel and will continue to provide training in the future. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?After the 2014 BRD Symposium, recorded presentations and proceedings were immediately made available to AVC members on the AVC website. Proceedings books have been available to interested parties for a small fee to cover printing and mailing since the conclusion of the meeting. Proceedings papers were published in Animal Health Research Reviews. The recordings from the meeting are freely available on the ebeef.org YouTube channel. The materials have also been made available to teaching and education groups for use in curriculum development for online courses as part of the BRD CAP, the U.S. Dairy Education and Training Consortium and other educational purposes. The AABP BRD symposium papers presented were published in the 2015 Proceedings of the 48th Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. A fact sheet on BRD scoring systems was developed and published on DAIReXNET (eXTension dairy community of practice). We have developed websites for producers and professionals to access the results of the BRD CAP (www.brdcomplex.org; www.ebeef.org) and developed several episodes about BRD for the National Cattlemen's Beef Association Cattlemen to Cattlemen RFTV show. Media for this reporting period (10/1/2015-9/30/2016) include · Selection for cattle that are less susceptible to disease. 2015. Drovers Cattle Network. November 4, 2015, http://www.cattlenetwork.com/advice-and-tips/drovers-cowcalf/selection-cattle-are-less-susceptible-brd and video footage of presentation available at https://vimeo.com/143623669 · Selection for cattle that are less susceptible to BRD complex. MidWest Producer November 25, 2015 http://www.midwestproducer.com/news/livestock/selection-for-cattle-that-are-less-susceptible-to-brd-complex/article_7e715b50-9399-11e5-8c47-f70e765fff60.html · Van Eenennaam, A.L. 2016. Selection for cattle that are less susceptible to BRD. Feature Article Nebraska Cattlemen's Magazine, January, 2016. http://nebraskacattleman.org/NCjan2016/index.html · Van Eenennaam, A.L. 2016. Genetic selection for cattle health. Bovine Veterinarian. January, 2016. http://www.bovinevetonline.com/animal-health-center/genetic-selection-cattle-health · 2015: Pivotal year for achieving nutritional security. ASAS Taking Stock. January 28, 2016. http://takingstock.asas.org/?p=18369 · Battling BRD with genomics, BEEF magazine, Feb 8, 2016, http://beefmagazine.com/health/battling-brd-genomics · UCANR, "eBEEF: Improve your herd through genetics and genomics", March 29, 2016. http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=20623 · Cattlemen's News, "Grappling With BRDC", June 2016, https://issuu.com/showmeag/docs/catn_june16_web · DNA tests can enhance health in beef cattle, Progressive Cattleman, August 2016, http://www.progressivecattle.com/digital_edition/2016/08/#?page=32 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During the 5 years of my participation in this project (10/01/2011 to 09/30/2016) my research and extension program, and that of my collaborators, have contributed significantly to the aims of NC1192. 1. To aid the rapid identification and subsequent management of BRD by developing, validating and guiding the application of new state-of-the-art diagnostic tools. A rapid scoring system was developed for field identification of bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves (Love et al. 2014). The sensitivity and specificity of the scoring system was estimated. The CA BRD scoring system was made available online in both English and Spanish at http://www.vmtrc.ucdavis.edu/laboratories/epilab/scoringsystem.pdf. 2. To elucidate key steps in the dynamic interactions between pathogens, host immunity and the environment, and to determine how manipulation of these factors can reduce the risk of BRD. As part of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project (BRD CAP; USDA NIFA grant 2011-68004-30367), host immunity interactions in both beef and dairy cattle were investigated in large field BRD case:control field data sets. Additionally, challenge experiments with viral pathogens BRSV, IBR and BVD and bacterial pathogens Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimnia hemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida were completed. These data have been made available to researchers in numerous publications as detailed in the outputs. Work is ongoing to develop genetic tests that select for cattle that are less susceptible to BRD. 3. To develop management practices, including rationally applied therapeutic and preventative interventions that minimize the impact of BRD on cattle health, welfare and productivity. Dr. Sharif Aly and collaborators obtained funding to perform a "Risk assessment, welfare analysis, and extension education for dairy calf respiratory disease management in California". The objectives of this project are 1. Development of a standardized scoring system to diagnose bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves; 2. Validation of a standardized scoring system to diagnose bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves; 3. Survey of current calf raising practices on California dairies and 4. Development of a risk assessment tool for pre-weaned BRD calves. The ultimate goal of this research project is to identify husbandry practices that are associated with BRD. When practices that are associated with BRD are identified, a tool can be developed to provide animal health professionals a method to identify and change husbandry procedures to improve animal health. This study will use the validated questionnaires from objective #3 to collect data about the dairy during on-site visits to the premises. During the on-site visit, BRD prevalence on the farm will be estimated based on a sample of calves evaluated using the scoring system developed and validated in objectives #1 & #2, respectively. The data will be analyzed using regression methods to determine the association between practices identified as being characteristic of the dairies from the questionnaire and increased or decreased BRD prevalence on the dairy. The safest/most protective practices will be summarized and presented in a document as a risk assessment tool that can be used by farm managers to reduce BRD prevalence and improve productivity. This project has documented management practices on California dairy farms and is developing a validated risk assessment of management factors associated with BRD. Part of this project involved collecting data on over 13,000 preweaned dairy calves including 1,096 cases and 3,061 control Holstein heifers from a single dairy where all of the calves have been 50K genotyped. Each case record includes the date of treatment, a 0/1 for absence/presence of symptoms and the medications administered. The possible symptoms are ocular discharge, nasal discharge, head tilt/ear droop, cough, rapid respiration, and temperature. The general calf data includes the calf ID, date of birth, the type of housing it was in, whether or not it was a twin, if ART was used, its status (sold, dead, alive), and if it was dead or sold on the date that the event happened. This information will provide the data to develop a validated risk assessment. As part of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural, post-doctoral scholar Dr. Justin Buchanan is working to determine the value of genomics for selecting against BRD susceptible cattle on a vertically-integrated beef cattle enterprise. He has data on 12,812 genotyped calves, of which 1,167 were treated at least once for BRD. He calculated the variance component estimates and relative economic impact of BRD during finishing and determined the relative economic value of BRD in an economic selection index. 4. To promote open scientific exchange and dialogue among scientists, veterinarians, allied industry professionals and cattlemen to advance BRD research initiatives. During the past 5 years we organized the 2014 BRDC symposium (http://www.brdsymposium.org/). The organizing committee of this conference included many NC1192 particpants including Christopher Chase, (Chair), South Dakota State University; Robert Fulton of Oklahoma State University, Laurel Gershwin of the University of California, Davis, Christine Navarre of Louisiana State University, Carol Chitko-McKwon of USDA NADC MARC, Dale Grotelueschen of Pfizer Animal Health, Alison Van Eenennaam of University of California, Davis, John Bernard of University of Georgia and DCHA, Chuck Massengill of private practice and NCBA, Robert Sprowls of Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, and Amelia Woolums of University of Georgia. We also organized a half-day BRD Symposium held in conjunction with American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) annual meeting in September 2015, and a BRD symposium at the 2016 ASAS-ADSA-CSAS-WSASAS Joint Annual Meeting. I have presented at the NCBA Cattlemen's College, the Beef Improvement Federation meetings, the NBCEC Brownbagger series and various other industry venues. 5. To facilitate the translation of research findings to practical field application by developing and integrating BRD educational programming for national veterinary and producer organizations focused on cattle health and management. We have worked to develop educational materials on BRD management for the commercial cow calf producer in collaboration with Dr. Dale Moore at Washington State University (http://vetextension.wsu.edu/research-projects/brd/factsheets/) 1. Managing the Pregnant Cow for Optimum Calf Health 2. Calving Management and Its Influence on Calf Health 3. Optimizing Calf Care to Reduce the Impact of BRD 4. Weaning Procedures to Reduce Stress and Minimize the Risk of BRD 5. Cattle Handling to Minimize the Incidence of BRD 6. Effective Use of Vaccinations on Cow/Calf Operations to Reduce Incidence of BRD 7. Management Approaches to Reduce Transportation Stress Risk For BRD 8. Biosecurity on the Ranch to Reduce Risks for BRD 9. Feedback From Feeders - What Health Conditions Do They See in Our Calves? 10. Documenting BRD Incidence and Animal Health Costs Associated with BRD in Your Herd Additional factsheets have been contributed to both the ebeef.org site ("Genetic Markers of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) Susceptibility"), and DAIReXNET ("Simplified scoring system to identify respiratory disease in dairy calves"). We have developed websites for producers and professionals to access the results of the BRD CAP (www.brdcomplex.org; www.ebeef.org) and developed several episodes about BRD for the National Cattlemen's Beef Association Cattlemen to Cattlemen RFTV show.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Buchanan, J. W., M. D. MacNeil, R. C. Raymond, A. R. McClain, and A. L. Van Eenennaam. 2016. Rapid Communication: Variance component estimates for Charolais-sired fed cattle and relative economic impact of bovine respiratory disease. J. Anim. Sci. 94:5456-5460
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Love, W.J., Lehenbauer, T.W., Karle, B.M., Hulbert, L.E., Anderson, R.J., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Farver, T.B., Aly, S.S. 2016. Survey of management practices related to bovine respiratory disease in preweaned calves on California dairies, Journal of Dairy Science, 99(2): 1483-1494.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A. L. Selection for cattle that are less susceptible to BRD. Where we've been, where we are, and where we're headed. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 10/19/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L., Utilizing DNA Information in Cattle Selection Programs, Western Canadian Association of Bovine Practitioners (WCABP), Calgary, AB, Canada 1/15/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L. Genomics and Bull Selection. University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) meeting Alturas, CA 2/18/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L. Genomics and Bull Selection. Siskiyou Cattlemen's Association Pie Night, Montague, CA 2/18/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L. Genomics and Bull Selection. Willows, Tehama UCCE meeting, Willow, CA 2/19/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L. Genomics and Bull Selection. Redding, Shasta UCCE meeting, CA, Cottonwood, CA 2/19/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L. Genomics and Bull Selection. Southern San Joaquin UCCE Livestock Symposium, Bakersfield, CA 2/27/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L. Genomics and Bull Selection. Southern San Joaquin UCCE Livestock Symposium, Exeter, CA 2/27/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Thomas, M.G., Enns, R.M., Hagevoort, R., Neibergs, J.S., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Neibergs, H.L. and J.E. Womack. Integrated program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in cattle, coordinated agricultural project (CAP): Translation of multi-omics research results into teaching programs. ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Taylor, J.F., Neibergs, H.L., Seabury, C.M., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Decker, J.E., Hoff, J.L., Tizioto, P.C., Womack, J.E and R. D. Schnabel. 2016. Identification of causal variants underlying pathogen susceptibility and translation to genetic improvement. ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Tassell, C.P., Spangler, G., Bickhart, D.M., Wiggans, G.R., Cole, J.B., Taylor, J.F., Neibergs, H.L., Seabury, C.M., Van Eenennaam, A.L., and J.E. Womack. 2016. Calculation of genomic predicted transmitting abilities for bovine respiratory disease complex in Holsteins. ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L. 2016. How might genomic information get translated into industry outcomes? ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dubrovsky, S.A. 2016. Epidemiology of Bovine Respiratory Disease in Preweaned Calves on California Dairies. THESIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Animal Biology in Animal Biology in the Office of Graduate Studies of the University of California, Davis
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: http://www.brdcomplex.org/
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Gershwin, L.J., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Taylor, J.F., Kim, J., Toaff-Rosenstein, R.L., Neibergs, H.L . and J.E. Womack. 2016. Differential gene expression in cattle challenged with single pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease complex. ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: http://www.ebeef.org
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Abstract: Thomas, M.G., Enns, R.M., Hagevoort, R., Neibergs, J.S., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Neibergs, H.L. and J.E. Womack. Integrated program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in cattle, coordinated agricultural project (CAP): Translation of multi-omics research results into teaching programs. ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Abstract: Gershwin, L.J., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Taylor, J.F., Kim, J., Toaff-Rosenstein, R.L., Neibergs, H.L, and J.E. Womack. 2016. Differential gene expression in cattle challenged with single pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease complex. ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016 http://169.237.28.91/BRDComplex/files/researchers/abstracts/Seabury_ASAS_2016.pdf
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Abstract: Taylor, J.F., Neibergs, H.L., Seabury, C.M., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Decker, J.E., Hoff, J.L., Tizioto, P.C., Womack, J.E and R. D. Schnabel. 2016. Identification of causal variants underlying pathogen susceptibility and translation to genetic improvement. ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016 http://169.237.28.91/BRDComplex/files/researchers/abstracts/Taylor_ASAS_2016.pdf
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Abstract: Van Tassell, C.P., Spangler, G., Bickhart, D.M., Wiggans, G.R., Cole, J.B., Taylor, J.F., Neibergs, H.L., Seabury, C.M., Van Eenennaam, A.L., and J.E. Womack. 2016. Calculation of genomic predicted transmitting abilities for bovine respiratory disease complex in Holsteins. ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016 http://169.237.28.91/BRDComplex/files/researchers/abstracts/VanTass_JAM_2016.pdf
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Abstract: Van Eenennaam, A.L. 2016. How might genomic information get translated into industry outcomes? ASAS, ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT 7/20/2016 http://169.237.28.91/BRDComplex/files/researchers/abstracts/VanE_JAM_2016.pdf
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Poster: Kiser, J.N., Seabury, C.M., Taylor, J.F., Womack, J.E., Hagevoort, G.R., Lehenbauer, T.W., Aly, S.S., Van Eenennaam, A.L., The Bovine Respiratory Disease Consortium, and H.L. Neibergs. 2016. Clinical Signs Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease and High Heritability in Beef and Dairy Cattle. ASAS & ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, July 20, 2016, Salt Lake City, UT
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Fact sheet: Young, A. DAIReXNET Factsheet: Simplified Scoring System to Identify Respiratory Disease in Dairy Calves, Dec 1, 2015. http://articles.extension.org/pages/73380/simplified-scoring-system-to-identify-respiratory-disease-in-dairy-calves
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Fact sheet: Van Eenennaam, A.L. Selection for cattle that are less susceptible to Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Complex. October 2015. http://www.beefefficiency.org/meetings/annualmtgoct15/VanEenennaam.pdf

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience reached through these efforts included scientists (academic and industry), educators, veterinarians (academic and private practice), producers, and policy makers, as well as undergraduate, graduate and veterinary students. Changes/Problems:Extension of the results of this project will not be completed by April 2016 as the research portion is still ongoing. We anticipate that we will need another year beyond that to optimally deliver the results of this project to industry. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The BRD Symposium provided training and development for producers and veterinarians, as well as students, through the dissemination of new information that is directly applicable to feedlots and dairies, not only in the U.S., but globally. Presentations provided cutting edge information in a variety of fields, from recognized experts, and the structure of the meeting allowed for the audience to see how all of these subjects fit together in the management of this complex disease. The availability of published papers and recorded presentations will continue to provide training to interested parties in the future. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The AABP BRD symposium papers presented were published in the 2015 Proceedings of the 48th Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. A fact sheet on BRD scoring systems was developed and submited to dairyXnet (eXTension dairy community of practice). The following list media associated were associated with this project over the past year · AgWeb, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", August 12, 2015. http://www.agweb.com/article/genetic-improvement-for-the-beef-herd-focus-of-ebeeforg-NAA-university-news-release/ · Top Producer - Agweb.com, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", August 12, 2015. http://www.agweb.com/top-producer/article/genetic-improvement-for-the-beef-herd-focus-of-ebeeforg-NAA-university-news-release/ · Midwest Producer, "New website provides one stop for genetic improvement in beef", August 5, 2015. http://www.midwestproducer.com/news/livestock/new-website-provides-one-stop-for-genetic-improvement-in-beef/article_ab0ce5ac-3bb6-11e5-8563-9b162b6952ae.html?comment_form=true · McPherson Sentinel, "Ag minute: Website offers one-stop spot for beef gene data", August 4, 2015. http://www.mcphersonsentinel.com/article/20150804/NEWS/150809853/1994/NEWS · Animal-AgWired, "eBEEF.org Focuses on Genetic Improvements in Beef", July 31, 2015. http://animal.agwired.com/2015/07/31/ebeef-org-focuses-on-genetic-improvements-in-beef/ · Chad Moyer, "Friday, July 31 Ag News", July 31, 2015. http://www.chadmoyer.blogspot.in/2015/07/friday-july-31-ag-news.html · Nebraska Ag Connection, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", July 30, 2015. http://www.nebraskaagconnection.com/story-state.php?Id=592&yr=2015 · Kentucky Ag Connection, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", July 30, 2015. http://www.kentuckyagconnection.com/story-state.php?Id=661&yr=2015 · USAgNet, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", July 30, 2015. http://www.usagnet.com/state_headlines/state_story.php?tble=KY2015&ID=661 · Kansas Ag Connection, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", July 30, 2015. http://kansasagconnection.com/story-state.php?Id=729&yr=2015 · Bovine Veterinarian, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", July 29, 2015. http://www.bovinevetonline.com/news/industry/genetic-improvement-beef-herd-focus-ebeeforg · Drovers CattleNetwork, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", July 29, 2015. http://www.cattlenetwork.com/news/industry/genetic-improvement-beef-herd-focus-ebeeforg · Great Bend Tribune, "Genetic Improvement for the Beef Herd: Focus of eBEEF.org", July 29, 2015. http://www.gbtribune.com/section/61/article/87266/ · West Plains Daily Quill, "Easy-to-understand beef genomics now on eXtension website", July 29, 2015. http://www.westplainsdailyquill.net/features/farm_garden/article_68625b42-35fd-11e5-8322-9be81cc4e88b.html · The Marshfield Mail, "Easy-to-understand beef genomics now on eXtension website", July 26, 2015. http://marshfieldmail.com/news/easy-to-understand-beef-genomics-now-on-extension-website/article_846988a0-3158-11e5-b502-f3127405835b.html · ThinkTech Hawaii, "Dairy and Beef Cow Genomics with Alison Van Eenennaam", July 24, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8_tmnkHNk4 · AgWeb, "eBEEF.org: A Website Dedicated to Beef Cattle Genetics", July 20, 2015. http://www.agweb.com/article/ebeeforg-a-website-dedicated-to-beef-cattle-genetics-NAA-university-news-release/ · Top-Producer - Agweb.com, "eBEEF.org: A Website Dedicated to Beef Cattle Genetics", July 20, 2015. http://www.agweb.com/top-producer/article/ebeeforg-a-website-dedicated-to-beef-cattle-genetics-NAA-university-news-release/ · BolivarMONews.com, "Easy-to-understand beef genomics now on eXtension website", July 16, 2015. http://bolivarmonews.com/agribusiness/easy-to-understand-beef-genomics-now-on-extension-website/article_590268ac-2a74-11e5-8728-9b19b9ca90d2.html · Palmyra-Spectator, "Website helps beef herd owners at breeding time", July 15, 2015. http://www.palmyra-spectator.com/articles/2015/07/15/ag/doc55a66e1e8e45a959060301.txt · USAgNet, "Easy-to-understand beef genomics now on eXtension website", July 14, 2015. http://www.usagnet.com/state_headlines/state_story.php?tble=MO2015&ID=729 · Missouri Ag Connection, "Easy-to-understand beef genomics now on eXtension website", July 14, 2015. http://www.missouriagconnection.com/story-state.php?Id=729&yr=2015 · Beef Producer, "eBeef site makes beef genomics easier to understand", July 9, 2015. http://beefproducer.com/story-ebeef-site-makes-beef-genomics-easier-understand-0-129691 · Farm Progress, "eBeef site makes beef genomics easier to understand", July 9, 2015. http://farmprogress.com/story-ebeef-site-makes-beef-genomics-easier-understand-10-129691 · Waynecojournalbanner.com, "eBeef site makes beef genomics easier to understand", July 8, 2015. http://www.waynecojournalbanner.com/business/article_2cb146d6-2599-11e5-8c68-b3ae217f72c7.html · Congoo News, "Easy-to-understand beef genomics now on eXtension website", July 6, 2015. http://www.congoo.com/news/2015July7/Easy-understand-beef-genomics-available · Ozarks Farm and Neighbor, "Easy-to-understand beef genomics now on eXtension website", July 6, 2015. http://www.ozarksfn.com/national-a-regional-news/124-mu-extension-news/7665-easy-to-understand-beef-genomics-now-on-extension-website.html · Morning Ag Clips, "Website dedicated to beef cattle genetics", July 2, 2015. http://www.morningagclips.com/website-dedicated-to-beef-cattle-genetics/ · Drovers Cattle Network, "eBEEF.org launched at BIF", June 19, 2015. http://www.cattlenetwork.com/news/industry/ebeeforg-launched-bif · Capital Public Radio, "Researcher Says Selective Cattle Breeding is Good For the Planet", June 5, 2015. http://www.capradio.org/articles/2015/06/05/researcher-says-selective-cattle-breeding-is-good-for-the-planet/ · ANR News Blog, "The days of guess work in cattle breeding are gone", June 5, 2015. http://ucanr.edu/blogs/anrnews/index.cfm?tagname=Alison%20van%20Eenennaam · Angus Journal, BIF coverage, "Measuring Genetic Susceptibility to Disease", June 10, 2015. http://www.bifconference.com/bif2015/summaries/2015BIFSymposiumEnnsBRD.htm · Van Eenennaam, A.L. 2015. Genomic Enhanced EPDs. FRONTLINE Beef Producer. 7(1) 30-38. · Van Eenennaam, A.L. 2015. We could select for healthier calves. Hoard's Dairyman June: 421. · Van Eenennaam, A.L. 2015. Genetic and management approaches to reduce BRD. Progressive Dairyman. August 20, 2015. http://www.progressivedairy.com/dairy-basics/herd-health/13865-genetic-and-management-approaches-to-reduce-brd What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Plan to host a December 2016 symposium in Kansas City, MO summarizing the results of the BRD CAP, in addition to the other large beef genomics grants. This symposium will be modeled on the successful NBCEC symposiums that have been held at this time and location before and will involve participation of all of the eBEEF team. Presentations will be recorded and loaded on the eBEEF.org website. We have approached Josh White, Executive Director - Producer Education at the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) about holding a Cattlemen's college on genetics and genomics at the February 1-3 2017 Annual Meeting in Nashville, Tennessee. Final two Cattlemen to Cattlemen episodes summarizing comprehensive results of project once the research results are completed.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1 - To aid the rapid identification and subsequent management of BRD by developing, validating and guiding the application of new state-of-the-art diagnostic tools. Recently, a new scoring system was developed for field identification of bovine respiratory disease in calves (BRD 3, Love et al. 2014). The new system requires assessment of clinical signs in a dichotomous manner (presence or absence of clinical signs) which may make it more feasible for on-farm use than a previous system (Wisconsin respiratory scoring system in calves, McGuirk SM). The objective of this study is to compare the reliability of both scoring systems during field use by different personnel. Calves enrolled for the later study are being identified using the Wisconsin scoring system (McGuirk SM) and the BRD3 scoring system (Love et al) simultaneously by 2 study personnel. The inter-class correlation coefficient for each scoring system will be estimated to quantify the similarity in outcome of each scoring system across raters (personnel scoring calves). Objective 2. To elucidate key steps in the dynamic interactions between pathogens, host immunity and the environment, and to determine how manipulation of these factors can reduce the risk of BRD. As part of the BRD CAP challenge experiments with viral pathogens BRSV, IBR and BVD and bacterial pathogens, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimnia hemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida were completed. Extensive clinical data were collected and data published in two publications Objective 4 - To develop management practices, including rationally applied therapeutic and preventative interventions, that minimize the impact of BRD on cattle health, welfare and productivity. The CA BRD scoring system is available online in both English and Spanish at http://www.vmtrc.ucdavis.edu/laboratories/epilab/scoringsystem.pdf. Objective 5 - To promote open scientific exchange and dialogue among scientists, veterinarians, allied industry professionals and cattlemen to advance BRD research initiatives. Half-day BRD Symposium held in conjunction with American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) annual meeting, September 18, 2015 The following presentations were given by BRD CAP members and associates · Dr. Holly Neibergs - Washington State University - "Genetic approaches to identify genomic regions associated with decreased susceptibility to BRD" · Dr. Laurel Gershwin - University of California- Davis - "The host gene expression response to specific BRD pathogens" · Dr. Shannon Neibergs - Washington State University - "Economics of BRD, and economics of selection against BRD" · Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam - University of California- Davis - "Producer Uptake: How might genomic information to translated to industry outcomes" · Dr. John Richeson - West Texas A&M University - "Vaccinating high risk calves against BRD" · Dr. Amelia Woolums - University of Georgia - "Herd risk factors on BRD in cow-calf units" · Dr. Jim Lowe - University of Illinois - "The value of using enhanced case definitions for the management of BRD in commercial feedlots" Objective 6. - To facilitate the translation of research findings to practical field application by developing and integrating BRD educational programming for national veterinary and producer organizations focused on cattle health and management As part of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project (BRD CAP; USDA NIFA grant 2011-68004-30367) the eBEEF.org website (the beef genetics/genomics community of practice within eXtension) was officially launched at BIF 2015 in Biloxi, MS. eBEEF.org is part of the national eXtension program with the goal of being a one-stop site for beef cattle genetics and genomics information. Beef cattle specialists from six land grant institutions have joined forces to provide educational materials that are pertinent to today's beef cattle producers, without searching multiple sites or filtering through countless hits on a search. The site contains factsheets, short frequently asked question (FAQ) video clips, relevant conference recordings and webinars, a blog and links to other useful beef sites. Recordings from the BRD Symposium held in July 2014 have been made available through the extension efforts of eBEEF.org and have been shared with Dr. Mark Enns for use in his online course development

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Neibergs HL, Seabury CM, Wojtowicz AJ, Wang Z, Scraggs E, Kiser J, Neupane M, Womack JE, Van Eenennaam A, Hagevoort GR, Lehenbauer TW, Aly S, Davis J, Taylor JF. Susceptibility loci revealed for bovine respiratory disease complex in pre-weaned Holstein calves. BMC Genomics. 2014 Dec 22; 15(1):1164.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A., Neibergs, H, Seabury, C. Taylor, J., Wang, Z., Scraggs, E., Schnabel, R.D., Decker, J., Wojtowicz, A., Aly, S., Davis, J., Blanchard, P., Crossley, B., Rossitto, P., Lehenbauer, T., Hagevoort, R., Chavez, E., Neibergs, J.S., Womack, J.E. 2014. Results of the BRD CAP: progress toward identifying genetic markers associated with BRD susceptibility. Animal Health Research Reviews 15(2): 157-160.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Aly, S., Love, W., Williams, D., Lehenbauer, T., Van Eenennaam, A., Drake, C., Kass, P., Farver, T. 2014. Agreement between bovine respiratory disease scoring systems for pre-weaned dairy calves. Animal Health Research Reviews 15(2): 148-150.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Ng, TF, Kondov, NO, Deng, X, Van Eenennaam, A, Neibergs, HL, Delwart, E. 2015. A metagenomics and case-control study to identify viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease. Journal of Virology. 89(10): 5340-9.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gershwin, L. J., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Anderson, M. L., Heather A McEligot, H. A., Matt X Shao, M. X., Toaff-Rosenstein, R., Taylor, J. F., Neibergs, H. L. Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: developing a tissue resource for RNA sequence analysis of disease response. PLoS One 10(11): e0142479.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Tizioto, P., Kim, J., Seabury, C., Schnabel, R., Gershwin, L., Van Eenennaam, A., Roaff-Rosenstein, R., Neibergs, H., Taylor, J. 2015. Immunological Response to Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: An RNA-sequence analysis of the bronchial lymph node transcriptome. PLoS One 10(6): e0131459
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A.L. and The Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project Team. 2015. Bovine Respiratory Disease Prevention: Opportunities for Genetic Selection. Western Dairy Management Conference Proceedings, March 3, 4, and 5, 2015 Reno, NV. pages 211-222.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: B.T Welly, M.D. MacNeil, A.R. McClain, R.C. Raymond, E.B. Simpson, and A.L. Van Eenennaam. 2015. A public:private collaboration to evaluate the potential value of genomic information to a vertically-integrated commercial beef cattle enterprise. Proceedings 21st Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics (AAABG).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: The Practical Use of Genomics Beef Magazine Educational Session, World Ag Expo, Tulare, CA 2/11/2015
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bovine Respiratory Disease Prevention: Opportunities for Genetic Selection Western Dairy Management Symposium, Reno, NV 3/5/2015
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Coordinated Agricultural Project: BRD CAP New Mexico Cooperative Extension Service 2015 Professional Development Day, Albuquerque, NM 3/6/2015
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Enns, M. 2015. Phenotypic data collection for bovine respiratory disease, 2015 Beef Improvement Federation Research Symposium & Convention, June 10, 2015, Biloxi, MS. http://www.bifconference.com/bif2015/newsroom.html
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bullock, D. 2015. eBEEF: A new educational website on beef cattle genetics, 2015 Beef Improvement Federation Research Symposium & Convention, June 10, 2015, Biloxi, MS. http://www.bifconference.com/bif2015/newsroom.html
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Utilizing Molecular Information in Beef Cattle Selection, Angus Genomics Forum, Modesto Jr College, Modesto, CA 8/4/2015
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A. 2015. Selection for cattle that are less susceptible to BRD. DNA Technology: Where we've been, where we are, and where we're headed. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 10/19/2015
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A. 2015. Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex BIF Guidelines Development. NBCEC Brownbagger. Internet conference 10/21/2015
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Karle, B.M. Dubrovsky, S.A., Love, W.J., Williams, D.R., Stackhouse, J.W., Anderson, R.J., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Lehenbauer, T.W., Aly, S.S. 2015. #W24: Prevalence of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves in Northern California. ADSA-ASAS Joint Annual Meeting, July 12-16, 2015, Orlando, FL. http://m.jtmtg.org/abs/t/62932.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: http://www.ebeef.org - the beef genetics/genomics community of practice within eXtension)
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: http://www.brdcomplex.org

Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience reached through these efforts included scientists (academic and industry), educators, veterinarians (academic and private practice), producers, and policy makers, as well as undergraduate, graduate and veterinary students. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The BRD Symposium provided training and development for producers and veterinarians, as well as students, through the dissemination of new information that is directly applicable to feedlots and dairies, not only in the U.S., but globally. Presentations provided cutting edge information in a variety of fields, from recognized experts, and the structure of the meeting allowed for the audience to see how all of these subjects fit together in the management of this complex disease. The availability of published papers and recorded presentations will continue to provide training to interested parties in the future. All papers were published in the December 2014 issue of Animal Health Research Reviews. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? After the BRD Symposium, recorded presentations and proceedings were immediately made available to AVC members on the AVC website. Proceedings books have been available to interested parties for a small fee to cover printing and mailing since the conclusion of the meeting. There are plans to have the recordings from the meeting made available on the eXtension Beef Genetics and Breeding CoP, as well as for educational purposes through the USDA BRD-CAP group. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? A half-day BRD Symposium is being planned in conjunction with the annual American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) meeting which will be held in September 2015 in New Orleans. Speakers tentatively to include Dr. Holly Neibergs (Washington State University), Dr. Laurel Gershwin (UC Davis), Dr. Shannon Neibergs (Washington State University), Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam (UC Davis), Dr. John Richeson (West Texas State University), Dr. Amelia Woolums (University of Georgia), and Dr. Jim Lowe (University of Illinois).

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1 - To aid the rapid identification and subsequent management of BRD by developing, validating and guiding the application of new state-of-the-art diagnostic tools. Recently, a new scoring system was developed for field identification of bovine respiratory disease in calves (BRD 3, Love et al. 2014). The new system requires assessment of clinical signs in a dichotomous manner (presence or absence of clinical signs) which may make it more feasible for on-farm use than a previous system (Wisconsin respiratory scoring system in calves, McGuirk SM). The objective of this study is to compare the reliability of both scoring systems during field use by different personnel. Data collection is currently ongoing. Calves enrolled for the later study are being identified using the Wisconsin scoring system (McGuirk SM) and the BRD3 scoring system (Love et al) simultaneously by 2 study personnel. The inter-class correlation coefficient for each scoring system will be estimated to quantify the similarity in outcome of each scoring system across raters (personnel scoring calves). Objective 2. To elucidate key steps in the dynamic interactions between pathogens, host immunity and the environment, and to determine how manipulation of these factors can reduce the risk of BRD. As part of the BRD CAP challenge experiments with viral pathogens BRSV, IBR and BVD and bacterial pathogens, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimnia hemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida were completed. Extensive clinical data have been collected from six steers individually challenged with each pathogen and host response is currently being evaluated at the gene level with RNA-Seq. Objective 4 - To develop management practices, including rationally applied therapeutic and preventative interventions, that minimize the impact of BRD on cattle health, welfare and productivity. The CA BRD scoring system is available online in both English and Spanish at http://www.vmtrc.ucdavis.edu/laboratories/epilab/scoringsystem.pdf. Objective 5 - To promote open scientific exchange and dialogue among scientists, veterinarians, allied industry professionals and cattlemen to advance BRD research initiatives. A $10,000 NIFA conference grant was obtained for the Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium (BRDS) 2014: New Approaches to Bovine Respiratory Disease Prevention, Management and Diagnosis, that was held at the Renaissance Denver Hotel in Denver, CO, USA from July 30th to July 31st, 2014. The major goal of the BRD Symposium was to provide a forum for scientists and veterinarians to come together to learn about new genomic and management technologies to limit the impact of BRD, and to work together to proactively identify approaches that could realistically be used to cost-effectively address BRD in a way that is acceptable to 21st century customers. This conference succeeded in bringing together 304 attendees, representing 35 states and 10 countries. Of the 304, 222 attendees were AVC members and 7 were students. Speakers included academics, veterinarians and industry representatives and covered topics ranging from clinical and laboratory diagnoses to host response to genetics to management. Question and discussion sessions with speakers were held after every section and provided opportunities to explore topics in greater depth and allowed attendees to share their perspectives on the issues at hand. Overall, responses from the attendees were very positive. Results from the post-conference evaluation included an average score of 4.53/5 for speaker knowledge and 4.15/5 for speaker effectiveness. Evaluation comments included observations that the conference was well organized, covered all aspects of the syndrome and brought light to new information. Objective 6. - To facilitate the translation of research findings to practical field application by developing and integrating BRD educational programming for national veterinary and producer organizations focused on cattle health and management See below.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium 2014: New Approaches to Bovine Respiratory Disease Prevention, Management and Diagnosis
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Neibergs, J., Neibergs, H., Taylor, J., Seabury, C., Lehenbauer, T., Van Eenennaam, A., Womack, J. 2014. An Estimate of the Economic Gain from Selection to Reduce BRDC Incidence in Dairy Calves. Proceedings from the 10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. August 17th-22nd, 2014, Vancouver, Canada.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Thomas, M., Berge, N., Enns, R., Hagevoort, G., Ross, T., Van Eenennaam, A., Neibergs, H., Neibergs, J., Womack, J. 2014. Research Trainee Participation is a Bonus to Teaching Aims in the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Coordinated Agricultural Project. Proceedings from the 10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. August 17th-22nd, 2014, Vancouver, Canada.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Aly, S. 2014. CA dairy calf study and validation of a dairy calf scoring system, Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium, July 30, 2014, Denver, CO.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A. 2014. Update on the Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project (BRD CAP):� Progress and Perspectives" AVC meeting, August 1, 2014, Denver, CO.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A. 2014. Results of the BRD CAP project: Progress towards identifying genetic markers associated with BRD susceptibility. Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium, July 30, 2014, Denver, CO.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Karle, B.M., W.J. Love, T. Lehenbauer, A.L. Van Eenennaam, L. Hulbert, R.J. Anderson, P.H. Kass, T.B. Farver, S.S. Aly. A Survey of Calf Rearing Practices on California Dairies [abstract]. 47th American Association of Bovine Practitioners Annual Meeting; Sept. 18-20, 2014; Albuquerque, NM.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Love, W.J., T.W. Lehenbauer, A.L. Van Eenennaam, C.M. Drake, P.H. Kass, T.B. Farver, S.S. Aly. Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of a novel clinical scoring system for on-farm diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves [abstract]. 47th American Association of Bovine Practitioners Annual Meeting; Sept. 18-20, 2014; Albuquerque, NM
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: The Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project Team, Van Eenennaam, A., Womack, J. 2014. Integrated Program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex in beef and dairy cattle coordinated agricultural project (BRD CAP). Shown at the Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium, July 30, 2014, Denver, CO.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Beef Producer Combat BRD, Other Beef Cattle Health Issues with Genetic Selection, July 24, 2014. http://beefproducer.com/story-combat-brd-beef-cattle-health-issues-genetic-selection-10-115469-nl_23_nlr_93?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=24+July+2014
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bovine Veterinarian From the BIF conference: Genetics and BRDC, June 25, 2014. http://www.bovinevetonline.com/news/industry/bif-conference-genetics-and-brdc
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Drovers Cattle Network Selection for disease resistance, August 7, 2014. http://www.bovinevetonline.com/news/industry/selection-disease-resistance
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Drovers Cattle Network BRD trends, August 6, 2014. http://www.bovinevetonline.com/news/industry/brd-trends
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Drovers Cattle Network Genetic Selection for healthier cattle, July 23, 2014. http://www.cattlenetwork.com/animal-health-center/genetic-selection-healthier-cattle?utm_source=6567F1189245F1A&utm_medium=eNL&utm_campaign=Drovers+CattleNetwork+Alerts_20141126&utm_term=&utm_content
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Love WJ, Lehenbauer TW, Kass PH, Van Eenennaam AL, Aly SS. 2014. Development of a novel clinical scoring system for on-farm diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves. PeerJ 2:e238 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.238.

Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience reached during this report period include researchers with an interest in BRD and producer audiences. ABSTRACTS Womack, J.E. and the BRDC Project Team. 2012. Integrated Program For Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex In Beef And Dairy Cattle. USDA Animal Health Investigators Meeting, December 1, 2012 Chicago, IL T.W. Lehenbauer, S.S. Aly, J.H. Davis, P.C. Blanchard, B.M. Crossley, P.V. Rossitto, H.L. Neibergs, A.L. Van Eenennaam. 2012 Prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens in nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal recess regions of Holstein calves with and without signs of clinical bovine respiratory disease. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD). Chicago, IL, December 2-4, 2012 Holly Neibergs, Christopher M. Seabury, Jeremy Taylor, Zeping Wang, Erik Scraggs, Robert Schnabel, Jared Decker, Andrzej Wojtowicz, Jessica Davis, Terry Lehenbauer, Alison Van Eenennaam, Sharif S. Aly, Patricia Blanchard, Beate Crossley and Bovine Respiratory Disease Consortium. 2013. Identification of Loci Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease in Holstein Calves. Plant and Animal Genome XXI Conference Abstract #7995 W. J. Love, S. S. Aly, P. H. Kass, C. M. Drake, T. B. Farver1, H. E. Crockford, J. H. Davis, A. L. Van Eenennaam, and T. W. Lehenbauer. 2013. A clinical diagnostic scoring system for bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 91, E Suppl. 2: 383. M. G. Thomas, G. R. Hagevoort, T. T. Ross, R. M. Enns, H. Van Campen, A. L. Van Eenennaam, H. L. Neibergs, C. Chase, and J. E. Womack, A clinical diagnostic scoring system for bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves. Project (CAP): Translation of research into teaching programs in 2013. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 91, E Suppl. 2: 421. POSTERS (10/1/12-9/30/13) Womack, J.E. and the BRDC Project Team. 2012. Integrated Program For Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex In Beef And Dairy Cattle. USDA Animal Health Investigators Meeting, December 1, 2012 Chicago, IL Neibergs, H.L., Seabury, C.M., Taylor, J.F., Wang, Z., Scraggs, E.R., Schnabel, R.D., Decker, J., Wojtowicz, A., Davis, J.H., Lehenbauer, T.W., Van Eenennaam, A.L., Sharif, A., Blanchard, P.C., Crossley, B.M., Bovine Respiratory Disease Consortium. 2013. Identification of Loci Associated with Susceptibility to Bovine Respiratory Disease in Holstein Calves. Plant and Animal Genome Conference, January 12-16, 2013 San Diego, CA Changes/Problems: At the advice of the BRD CAP advisory board the goal of developing a new diagnostic chip for BRD was abandoned. The metagenomics studies have shown that genetic material from a wide variety of pathogens, commensals, and incidental organisms will be found. It was concluded that the project does not have the time or resources to identify them all or to determine which are pathogens. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? PRESENTATIONS (10/1/12-9/30/13) Van Eenennaam, A. L., 2012. “An Integrated Program for Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Beef and Dairy Cattle.’ Applied Animal and Public Health Research and Extension Symposium. AAVLD/USAHA Meeting, Greensboro, NC 10/20/2012 Van Eenennaam, A. L., 2012. “Preliminary data on laboratory diagnostics for Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex” American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Greensboro, NC 10/20/2012 Van Eenennaam, A. L., 2012. “Implications and Application of Whole Genome (re)-Sequencing.” National Beef Cattle Evaluation Consortium (NBCEC) Brownbagger, Internet teleconference series. 10/24/2012 Van Eenennaam, A. L., 2012. “Translational Genomics: Delivering Value to the Beef Cattle Industry, Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency, Calgary, Canada, 11/6/2012 Van Eenennaam, A. L., 2012. “What is the value of DNA-based information?”, Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency, Calgary, Canada, 11/6/2012 Van Eenennaam, A. L., 2013. "Potential of biotechnology to manage animal disease", Emerging Diseases Session, National Institute for Animal Agriculture Annual Conference, Louisville, KY 4/17/2013 Van Eenennaam, A. L., 2013. “Genomics of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): An Update” Weight Trait Project Meeting, Lincoln, NE 6/26/2012 MEDIA (10/1/12-9/30/13) Cattlemen to Cattlemen episode “BRD Coordinated Agricultural Project” – aired 16th October, 2012. See how the BRD Coordinated Agricultural Project is looking at new methods for fighting BRD in herds http://tinyurl.com/C2CBRDCAP Cattle Chat Corner @ National Cattlemen’s Beef Association Annual Convention and Trade Show – published February 18th, 2013. Trent Loos interviewing for the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation talks with Alison Van Eenennaam at the 2013 National Cattlemen’s Beef Association Annual Convention and Trade Show in Tampa, FL. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0a2i-echIio&feature=youtu.be Drover’s Cattle Network “Potential for biotechnology in animal health” – updated April 24, 2013. Alison Van Eenennaam discusses potential applications of genomics, gene editing and recombinant vaccines for protecting animal health and performance. http://www.cattlenetwork.com/e-newsletters/drovers-daily/Potential-for-biotechnology-in-animal-health-204351821.html Cattlemen to Cattlemen episode “USDA Genetics” – September 24th, 2013” http://bcove.me/cihygkjt Beef Magazine “Research Team Works on Genetic Test for BRD Susceptibility”. October 5, 2013 http://beefmagazine.com/health/research-team-works-genetic-test-brd-susceptibility What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Work performed by various researchers at UC Davis over the past year will help to elucidate the host genes and pathways that respond to challenge by the different microbes associated with BRDC, changes in the composition of nasal flora associated with transportation and challenge with BRDC-associated pathogens, provide data and information to work towards a validated risk assessment tool for dairy and beef cattle producers, and help coordinate a BRDC conference to be held in July 2014 to promote open scientific exchange and dialogue among scientists, veterinarians, allied industry professionals and cattlemen to advance BRD research initiatives.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. To aid the rapid identification and subsequent management of BRD by developing, validating and guiding the application of new state-of-the-art diagnostic tools. Dr. Sharif Aly and collaborators obtained funding to perform a “Risk assessment, welfare analysis, and extension education for dairy calf respiratory disease management in California”. The objectives of this project are 1. development of a standardized scoring system to diagnose bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves; 2. Validation of a standardized scoring system to diagnose bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves; 3. Survey of current calf raising practices on California Dairies and 4. Development of a risk assessment tool for pre-weaned BRD calves. The ultimate goal of this research projects is to identify husbandry practices that are associated with BRD. When practices that are associated with BRD are identified, a tool to can be developed to provide animal health professionals a method to identify and change husbandry procedures to improve animal health. This study will use the validated questionnaires from objective #3 to collect data about the dairy during an on-site visit to the premises. During the on-site visit, BRD prevalence on the farm will be estimated based on a sample of calves evaluated using the scoring system developed and validated in objectives #1 & #2, respectively. The data will be analyzed using regression methods to determine the association between practices identified as being characteristic of the dairies from the questionnaire and increased or decreased BRD prevalence on the dairy. The safest/most protective practices will be summarized and presented in a document as a risk assessment tool that can be used by farm managers to reduce BRD prevalence and improve productivity. 2. To elucidate key steps in the dynamic interactions between pathogens, host immunity and the environment, and to determine how manipulation of these factors can reduce the risk of BRD. A pilot project entitled “A 16S rDNA analysis of the effect of transportation stress and pathogen infection on the nasal bacterial microbiota of cattle.” The research question we are asking is “What is the effect of stress on the commensal nasal bacterial microbiota of cattle?” We hypothesized that stress alters the commensal bacteria composition and dynamics. We propose to define the normal nasal flora of healthy and experimentally infected cattle from the BRD CAP challenge trial by sequencing the 16s rRNA DNA using next generation sequencing methods. 4. To develop management practices, including rationally applied therapeutic and preventative interventions, that minimize the impact of BRD on cattle health, welfare and productivity. Developed prototype of the BRD risk assessment tool for dairy producers - housed at http://www.brdcomplex.org/riskassessment.html. Data from the project outlined in objective 1 will be used as an evidence base to validate this risk assessment tool. Working in conjunction with Washington State University to develop a modular curriculum on BRD and cow-calf operations. See http://extension.wsu.edu/vetextension/brd/Pages/default.aspx 1. Managing the Pregnant Cow for Optimum Calf Health 2. Calving Management and Its Influence on Calf Health 3. Optimizing Calf Care to Reduce the Impact of BRD 4. Weaning Procedures to Reduce Stress and Minimize the Risk of BRD 5. Cattle Handling to Minimize the Incidence of BRD 6. Effective Use of Vaccinations on Cow/Calf Operations to Reduce Incidence of BRD 7. Management Approaches to Reduce Transportation Stress Risk For BRD 8. Biosecurity on the Ranch to Reduce Risks for BRD 9. Feedback From Feeders - What Health Conditions Do They See in Our Calves? 10. Documenting BRD Incidence and Animal Health Costs Associated with BRD in Your Herd 5. To promote open scientific exchange and dialogue among scientists, veterinarians, allied industry professionals and cattlemen to advance BRD research initiatives. A $10,000 NIFA conference grant was obtained for Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium (BRDS) 2014: New Approaches to Bovine Respiratory Disease Prevention, Management and Diagnosis to be held at the Renaissance Denver Hotel in Denver, Colorado, USA from July 30th to July 31st, 2014. This meeting will be held in conjunction with the 2014 Summer Academy of Veterinary Consultants (AVC) meeting which will be held July 31st to August 2nd, 2014. The Organizing Committee is Christopher Chase, (Chair), South Dakota State University; Robert Fulton of Oklahoma State University, Laurel Gershwin of the University of California, Davis, Christine Navarre of Louisiana State University, Carol Chitko-McKwon of USDA NADC MARC, Dale Grotelueschen of Pfizer Animal Health, Alison Van Eenennaam of University of California, Davis, John Bernard of University of Georgia and DCHA, Chuck Massengill of private practice and NCBA, Robert Sprowls of Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, and Amelia Woolums of University of Georgia. For more information see the conference website at http://www.brdsymposium.org/.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A. L. 2012. Integrated program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex in beef and dairy cattle coordinated agricultural project (BRD CAP). The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Proceedings 45: 36-39.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Van Eenennaam, A. L. 2012. The Potential Value of DNA-based Tests for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Resistance to the Beef Cattle Supply Chain The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Proceedings 45: 60-65.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: http://www.brdcomplex.org/

Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: A survey was conducted of veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the US to determine which BRD diagnostic tests are routinely being conducted, and the number of animals involved in this testing. The results were presented to the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) laboratory directors at their annual meeting The laboratory directors were supportive of pursuing a "diagnosis by sequencing" approach in the development of diagnostic as it seems this is likely the direction that diagnostics is likely to move in the future. Participating in planning of symposium "RD 2014: New Approaches To Bovine Respiratory Disease Prevention, Management And Diagnosis". The proposed conference will be held July 30-31, 2014 in Denver, CO in partnership with the Academy of Veterinary Consultants meeting. As part of the outreach efforts associated with the Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project (BRD CAP), I gave presentations at the following locations targeting veterinarians and livestock producers. "The Genetic Basis of Host Susceptibility to Bovine Respiratory Disease", Plant and Animal Genome Conference XX, San Diego, CA 1/14/12 "Integrated Program for Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease in Beef and Dairy Cattle", in "The Genetics of Disease" session sponsored by BRD CAP at the National Cattlemen's Beef Association Cattlemens College, Nashville, TN.2/1/12 "Bovine Respiratory Disease" North Valley Dairy Day, Orland, CA 2/6/2012 "Integrated program for Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease in Beef Cattle" Winter Animal Health Meetings. Feb 2012 Montague, Siskiyou County, CA, Maxwell, CA, Cottonwood, CA, Eureka, CA "Challenges to Adoption of Molecular Information," NBCEC Symposium - Delivering Genomic Technology to the Beef Industry, Kansas City, MO, 3/6/2012 "Genetics Research Project Update" California Cattlemens Association Cattle Health, Marketing & BQA Joint Committee Meeting, Harris Ranch, Coalinga, CA 6/14/2012 "An Integrated Program for Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Beef and Dairy Cattle" The Pacific Veterinary Conference, sponsored by the California Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA) San Francisco, CA 7/1/2012 "Whats Happening in Beef Genomics" 24th National Association of Animal Breeders (NAAB) Technical Conference, Milwaukee, WI, 9/20/2012 "Integrated Program for Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Beef and Dairy Cattle Coordinated Agricultural Project (BRD CAP)" American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) meeting, Montreal, Canada. 9/21/2012 "The Potential Value of DNA-based Tests for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Resistance to the Beef Cattle Supply Chain" American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) meeting, September 19-22, Montreal, Canada. 9/21/2012 "An Integrated Program for Reducing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Beef and Dairy Cattle.' Applied Animal and Public Health Research and Extension Symposium. AAV'D/USAHA Meeting, Greensboro, NC 10/20/2012 'Preliminary data on laboratory diagnostics for Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in the U.S." Presentation to AAVLD Laboratory Directors Meeting. AAVLD/USAHA Meeting, Greensboro, NC 10/20/2012 PARTICIPANTS: UCSF Professor Eric Delwart was interested in obtaining samples from dairy calves who were diagnosed with BRD on the Tulare calf trial, but for which there were no positive diagnostic culture of bacteria or viruses. The BRD CAP group agreed that 1 ml of viral transport media from deep pharyngael swabs from 50 case calves could be sent to Dr. Delwart who plans to perform viral metagenomic sequencing on these samples. Undergraduate student Luis Gamboa worked as an intern collecting samples from the challenge animals. Post-doctoral scholar Dr. Kerri Clark started on this project and completed the diagnostic laboratory survey and the challenge trail nasal swab collection but had to return to her home country unexpectedly and her position has since be filled by post-doctoral scholar Dr. Anke Schennink who is currently working to extract the DNA from all of the deep pharyngeal swabs that were collected in the challenge trial. TARGET AUDIENCES: Bovine respiratory disease researchers, veterinarians, dairy and beef cattle producers, and industry professionals. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: When I was proposing this project we had planned to develop a BRD diagnostic xMAP Luminex assay. However the results of the diagnostic laboratory survey, and recent developments in genomic technologies suggest that a "diagnosis by sequencing" approach may be more likely the direction that diagnostics is likely to move in the future. Additionally the grant we had submitted to develop the xMAP Luminex assay was not funded. We were successful in obtaining funding for a grant entitled "A metagenomic analysis of the effect of transportation stress and pathogen infection on the nasal bacterial microbiota of cattle." The research question we are asking is "What is the effect of stress on the commensal nasal bacterial microbiota of cattle" We hypothesize that stress alters the commensal bacteria composition and dynamics. We propose to define the normal nasal flora of healthy and experimentally infected cattle by sequencing the 16s rRNA DNA using next generation sequencing methods. This information will also be informative in the development of a "diagnosis by sequencing" approach to diagnosing BRD. This project still fits in the general objectives of NC1192 1) Rapid identification and subsequent management of BRD will be aided by developing, validating and guiding the application of new state-of-the-art diagnostic tools. 2) Key steps in the dynamic interactions between pathogens, host immunity and the environment will be elucidated and strategies to determine how manipulation of these factors can reduce the risk of BRD. 3) Mechanisms by which infectious agents work singly or in combination to evade, suppress or misdirect the host immune response, or to directly induce cellular or molecular pathology, in BRD will be investigated. 4) Management practices, including rationally applied therapeutic and preventative interventions, which minimize the impact of BRD on cattle health, welfare and productivity will be developed. 5) Open scientific exchange and dialogue among scientists, veterinarians, allied industry professionals and cattlemen to advance BRD research initiatives will be encouraged. 6)Translation of research findings to practical field application by developing and integrating BRD educational programming for national veterinary and producer organizations focused on cattle health and management will be facilitated.

Impacts
Recently, there has been a great interest in the role of microbial communities in defense of pathogen evasion and disease development highlighted by the formation of the NIH Human Microbiota Project in 2007. The main research question we are asking is: what is the effect of stress, namely transportation stress and pathogen challenge, on the commensal nasal bacterial flora of cattle. We hypothesize that stress alters the commensal bacteria composition and dynamics. The advent of metagenomics provides an approach to characterize the effect of stress on the composition of commensal bacterial populations. We propose to characterize the nasal bacterial microbiota of cattle using next generation sequencing. We will define the microbiota prior to and after experimental challenge with BRD associated pathogens.In the summer of 2012, as part of a USDA BRD CAP grant that is ongoing at UC Davis, Dr. Laurel Gershwin (DVM,School of Veterinary Medicine), challenged Angus-based steers with each of the three viruses that are frequently associated with BRD (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and the bacteria M. haemolytica. We collected deep pharyngeal swabs animals before, and days 2 and 7 following challenge. Control animals were challenged with sterile culture media that was used to grow the viruses/bacteria in culture. We plan to extract genomic DNA from the swabs using the Qiagen DNeasy Kit and DNA will be pooled based on treatment group and time point (i.e. there will be 5 pools per time point). A 16s rRNA gDNA library will be prepared for each treatment group for bacteria identification and each library will be barcoded in house using the Illumina Truseq DNA sample preparation kit (total 5 libraries). Briefly, the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene V3-V5 hypervariable region from the genomic DNA will be amplified for each individual sample independently for the PCR amplicon libraries. The PCR will use the forward primer 784F (5′-GGA TTA GAT ACC CBR GTA GTC-3') and the reverse primer 1061R (5′-TCA CGR CAC GAG CTG ACG AC-3′) which are fitted with the 454 Life Sciences adapters, fused to the 5′ end of the 16S rDNA bacterial primer sequences which were recently used by Li and colleagues to characterize the rumen microbiota (15). The reverse primer also included a unique tetranucleotide sample identification (bar coding) key. The amplicons will be purified using the Qiagen MinElute kit. The quality and the size of the amplicons will be determined on the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser with the DNA 1000 Chip kit and quantified using Nanodrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer. The amplicons of each individual from a single treatment group will be pooled in equimolar amounts into one library (i.e. five libraries total). All libraries will be run together in one lane on the Illumina Hiseq. We will conduct the analysis of the data in-house using CLC Genomics Work bench at the Department of Animal Science where we have a 6 TB server for the specific storage of metagenomic data. Data will be filtered against the published full bovine genome.

Publications

• Van Eenennaam, A. L. 2012. "Integrated program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex in beef and dairy cattle coordinated agricultural project (BRD CAP)". The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Proceedings 45: In press.
• Van Eenennaam, A. L. 2012. "The Potential Value of DNA-based Tests for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Resistance to the Beef Cattle Supply Chain" The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Proceedings 45: In press.
• Van Eenennaam, A. L. 2012. "What's Happening in Beef Genomics" 24th National Association of Animal Breeders (NAAB) Technical Conference, Milwaukee, WI, 9/20/2012. In press.
• Davis, J.H., Blanchard, P.C., Crossley, B.M., Aly, S.S, Rossitto, P.V., Neibergs, H.L., Van Eenennaam, A.L, and Lehenbauer, T.W. (November 11, 2011) "Prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogen in nasopharyngeal recess regions of Holstein calves with and without signs of clinical bovine respiratory disease". 5th BVDV Symposium. San Diego, CA.
• Van Eenennaam, A.L (January 14, 2012) "The Genetic Basis of Host Susceptibility to Bovine Respiratory Disease". Abstract W142. Plant and Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.
• M. G. Thomas, G. R. Hagevoort, T. T. Ross, R. M. Enns, H. Van Campen, A. L. Van Eenennaam, H. L. Neibergs, C. Chase, S. V. Dindot, N. D. Cohen, and J. E. Womack. 2012. Integrated program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in beef and dairy cattle, coordinated agricultural project (CAP): overview of the teaching program. American Society of Animal Science Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 90, Suppl. 3: 498.
• Davis, J.H., Blanchard, P.C., Crossley, B.M., Aly, S.S, Rossitto, P.V., Neibergs, H.L., Van Eenennaam, A.L, and Lehenbauer, T.W. (November 11, 2011) "Prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogen in nasopharyngeal recess regions of Holstein calves with and without signs of clinical bovine respiratory disease". 5th BVDV Symposium. San Diego, CA.
• H.L. Neibergs, C.M. Seabury , Z. Wang, E.R. Scraggs, R.D. Schnabe, J.F. Taylor, J.H. Davis, T.W. Lehenbauer, A.L. Van Eenennaam, P.C. Blanchard, and B.M. Crossley. 2012. Identification of Loci Associated with Susceptibility to Bovine Respiratory Disease in Holstein Calves. 2012. American Society of Animal Science Joint Meeting, President's Pick, Phoenix, AZ, July 16th, 2012.
• Agriculture.com: Super Bull 2014! April 5th, 2012. Can be seen at http://www.agriculture.com/livestock/cattle/health/super-bull-2014_28 0-ar23378
• Why Do the Strong Survive It may have something to do with genes. Working Ranch Magazine: June/July 2012
• NCBA's Cattlemen to Cattlemen episode "BRD Coordinated Agricultural Project" October, 2012. See how the BRD Coordinated Agricultural Project is looking at new methods for fighting BRD in herds. Can be seen at http://tinyurl.com/C2CBRDCAP