Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Wheat farmers in ND and upper Midwest region; scientific community in general, college (undergraduate and graduate) students Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Farmer fields days, extension publications (including annual variety performance bulletins for durum wheat, spring wheat, and winter wheat), regional, national and international conferences, commodity group meetings and conferences, peer-review articles publish in high-impact factor scientific journals, newspaper, and social media articles. For a full list of publication see product section. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Evaluate commercial cultivars and advance breeding lines of hard red spring, durum and winter wheat for resistance to local, naturally occurring, and emerging races of wheat rusts in field and greenhouse: During the 2010-2016 period, annually, 235 lines of spring bread wheat and durum wheat were evaluated for resistance to leaf rust in greenhouse and field conditions. In 2011, 20 spring wheat NDAES varieties were evaluated in Kenya field nursery for resistance to stem rust (Ug99 and variants). A total of 20 NDAES durum wheat varieties were evaluated for leaf and stem rust resistance in Ethiopia in 2011-2016. The data obtained from these trials was utilized to guide variety release, germplasm development and plan future crosses in the NDSU spring wheat and durum wheat programs. Identify and characterize novel or under-utilized sources of resistance in spring, winter, and durum wheat germplasm for resistance to local and emerging rust pathogens to broaden the genetic basis of rust resistance in NDAES wheat lines. Two novel sources of stem rust resistance were identified and characterized in spring wheat germplasm. These resistance genes provide resistance to multiple races of the Ug99 lineage. Both stem rust resistant sources were crossed to NDSU bread wheat varieties for easier utilization in new variety development. Four new leaf rust resistance genes and one stem rust resistant gene were identified in durum wheat germplasm. The resistant germplasm was crossed to NDAES durum wheat variety Divide for easier utilization in the NDSU durum wheat-breeding program for variety development. Seeds of backcrosses were made available to the NDSU durum wheat breeder. New sources of resistance and new genomic locations associated with stripe rust resistance were identified in winter wheat germplasm via association mapping. The inheritance of those resistance genes is currently being studied by a Ph. D. student in Dr. Andrew Friskop research program (cereal pathology extension) at NDSU. Investigate the genetic and cellular mechanisms involved in race-specific and non-race specific rust resistance to potentially improve the deployment and durability of rust resistance in wheat cultivars. A rapid and efficient histological protocol was developed which allowed following the rust pathogens infection process from the moment the pathogen spores land on the plant until new spores are produced. We used this protocol to follow the infection process during susceptibility and resistant reaction in different wheat lines carrying different resistant genes. The protocol allowed us to differentiate between genes that produce a hypersensitive response, usually associated with race-specific resistance (non-durable) and genes that do not produced the hypersensitive response or limited amount of it, which is usually associated with pre-haustorial resistance (may be more durable). Monitor the rust pathogen populations in North Dakota to detect possible changes in virulence that can threaten wheat production in the State. Every year, dozens of leaf rust samples were collected from wheat fields in ND. A diverse collection of pathogen isolates was obtained from the purification of samples. These isolates represent common and rare isolates of the leaf rust pathogen in ND. These isolates have been used and will continue to be used to guide rust resistance gene deployment and wheat variety development and recommendation. The characterization of the wheat leaf rust pathogen population has provided important information about the new virulence in the region and how NDAESwheat varieties stand against it.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Babiker, E.M. Tyler, G., Chao, S., Rouse, M., Acevedo, M., Brown-Guedira, G., Wanyera, R., and Bonman, J. M. 2016. Molecular mapping of stem rust resistance loci effective against the Ug99 race group of the stem rust pathogen and validation of a SNP marker linked to stem rust resistance gene Sr28. Phytopathology 107: 208-215.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Aoun, M., Breiland, M., Turner, M.K., Loladze, A., Chao, S., Xu, S., Ammar, K., Anderson, J.A., Kolmer, J.A., and Acevedo, M. Genome-wide association mapping of leaf rust response in a worldwide germplasm collection of durum wheat. The Plant Genome. 10.3835/plantgenome2016.01.0008.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Kolmer, J.A., Acevedo, M. Genetically divergent types of the wheat leaf fungus Puccinia triticina in Ethiopia, a center of tetraploid wheat diversity. Phytopathology 106: 380-5.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Babiker, E.M. Tyler, G., Chao, S., Newcomb, M., Rouse, M. N., Jin, Y., Njau, P. Wanyera, R., Acevedo, M., Brown-Guedira, G. Williamson, S., and. Bonman, J. Mapping resistance to the Ug99 race group of the stem rust pathogen in a spring wheat landrace. Theor. Appl. Gen. 128:605-612.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Dugyala, S., Borowicz, P., and Acevedo, M. Rapid protocol for visualization of rust fungi structures using fluorochrome Uvitex 2B and fluorescence microscopy. Plant Methods 11:54. doi:10.1186/s13007-015-0096-0
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Friskop, A.J., Gulya, T.J., Harveson, R.M., Humann, R.M., Acevedo, M. and Markell S.G. Phenotypic diversity of Puccinia helianthi (Sunflower Rust) in the United States from 2011 and 2012. Plant Dis. 99:1604-1609.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Kertho, A., Mamidi, S., Bonman, J.M., Acevedo, M. Identification of QTL for stripe rust and leaf rust resistance in winter wheat landraces using association mapping. PloSOne. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129580
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Mergoum, M., Simsek, S., Zhong, S., Acevedo, M., Friesen, T.L., M., Alamri, M.S., Xu, S., Liu, Z. Elgin-ND Spring Wheat: An New Adapted cultivar to North Central Plains of the USA with High Agronomic and Quality Performance. Journal of Plant Registrations 10:130-134.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Zurn, J.D., Dugyala, S., Borowicz, P., Brueggeman, R., Acevedo, M. Unraveling the wheat stem rust infection process on barley genotypes through relative qPCR and fluorescence microscopy. Phytopathology 105:707-712.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Wheatproducers; graduate students;scientific community Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Four graduate students are been trained under this project . One of the graduate students trained under this project obtained his PhD in 2015. on undergraduate was trained under this program in 2015. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research presentations at National and International conferences including: the American Phytopathological Society Meeting, the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Technical Workshop in Sydney Australia and the Plant and Animal Genome Conference One peer reviewed research paper was published inscientific journal during the reporting cycle. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1) Evaluate commercial cultivars and advance breeding lines of hard red spring, durum and winter wheat for resistance to local, naturally-occurring, and emerging races of wheat rusts in field and greenhouse To provide current information about pathogen virulence in our region and to determine which resistance genes and sources are still effective I evaluated experimental plots in Fargo and at the North Dakota Experimental Stations Research and Education Centers in Carrington and Langdon for leaf rust evaluation. I also evaluated the spring and durum wheat breeding leaf rust nurseries at all three location. To complement the data collected in the field, the same entries were evaluated as seedlings as well as adult plants in replicated trials in the greenhouse using several races of the leaf rust pathogen that are common in our area. These entries include current varieties, elite materials form breeding program and checks. At the global level, overseas rust screening of NDSU and other relevant germplasm in key locations such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Morocco International Rust Nurseries allowed me to do a "risk assessment" of germplasm to potentially threatening rust population, (such as Ug99) in currently present in other parts of the world. Use of genetic markers and adaptation of marker assisted selection protocols into my program has allowed me to determine the presence/absence of resistance genes in the most popular local varieties. This information is crucial to better utilized rust resistance to and to achieve longer lasting resistance. We currently have in place protocols to evaluate wheat germplasm to multiple leaf and stem rust resistance gens including Lr21, Lr16, Lr23, Lr34, Lr46, Lr19, Lr68, and Sr2. We also sent germplasm DNA to be tested with diagnostic markers at USDA-ARS genotyping laboratory in NC. Objective 2) Identify and/or characterize novel or under-utilized sources of resistance in spring, winter, and durum wheat germplasm for resistance to local and emerging rust pathogens to broaden the genetic basis of rust resistance in NDAES wheat lines. After identifying potentially new and underutilized sources of rust resistance a crossing block has been established in my program to incorporate new sources of resistance to the stem rust lineage TTKS (Ug99) into ND adapted HRSW varieties. In the Fall of 2015 the germplasm was provided to the NDSU HRSW breeding program for further evaluation. Similarly, an underutilized leaf rust resistance gene, Lr19, originally from hexaploid wheat, was crossed (two generations are available) to NDSU durum wheat variety "Divide" to transfer additional source of resistance not currently available in durum wheat varieties. Germplasm with superior Lr resistance conferred by Lr19 will be provided to NDSU durum wheat breeder in spring of 2016. Since limited information is available about the genetic location of leaf rust resistance in durum wheat and other tetraploid Triticum species; 497 and 281 Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum and Triticum dicoccum subsp dicoccum respectively were evaluated in international nurseries in Ethiopia and Mexico and under greenhouse conditions at NDSU for leaf rust resistance. Data collected is currently being utilized in association mapping analysis in collaboration with Dr. Shiaoman Chao and Dr. Steven Xu. Genetic locations and SNP markers associate with leaf rust resistance have been identified. Based on this information, a total of 17 durum wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum mapping populations were developed and during the past year where advanced and tested for leaf rust resistance to determine/validate genetic location of leaf rust resistance genes. Two wheat mapping populations segregating for resistance to Ug99 have been advanced and evaluated during the past three years. Genotypic data was acquired for one population providing an essential tool for the mapping and potential cloning of the SrWLR gene on wheat chromosome 2B. A high resolution mapping population from the same cross was developed for the identification and cloning of this resistance. This data has allowed us to narrow down the genetic location of the Ug99 resistance gene to 0.4 cM. Second population was analyzed via QTL for stem and leaf rust resistance. Three new sources of Ug99 resistance have been backcrossed to adapted HRSW from the NDAES wheat breeding program with the intention to incorporate the resistance into new varieties. Objective 3) Investigate the genetic and cellular mechanisms involved in race-specific and non-race specific rust resistance to potentially improve the deployment and durability of rust resistance in wheat cultivars. Protocols for microscopic examination of the infection process during compatible and incompatible interactions have been established and utilized to describe different "mode of action" of leaf rust resistance genes. Laser Captured microdissection protocols have been developed and paper was published. 4) Monitor the rust pathogen populations in North Dakota to detect possible changes in virulence that can threaten wheat production in the State. Leaf rust samples were collected in multiple locations across state including Fargo, Carrington, and Langdon. Samples were increase and were characterized for virulence phenotype.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Dugyala, S., Borowicz, P., and Acevedo, M. 2015. Rapid protocol for visualization of rust fungi structures using fluorochrome Uvitex 2B and fluorescence microscopy. Plant Methods 11:54.
|
Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The knowledge acquired during this project a will impact the advance of science in the area of host resistance and rust pathology as well as host pathogen interaction. The data gathered about pathogen virulence and wheat germplasm disease reaction to current pathogen populations provide the wheat breeders and wheat producers information that can be utilized for variety development and variety selection for planting based on their reaction to rust diseases. The germplasm generated will be provided to the NDSU wheat breeding program for potential incorporation into future varieties. The project has also allowed the training of several graduate students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Four gradaute students are been trained under this project . One of the graduate students trainied under this project obtained his MSc in 2014. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Research presentations at National and International conferrences including: the American Phytopathological Society Meeting, the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Technical Workshop in Obregon, MX and the Plant and Animal Genome Conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue with the characterization and incorporation of new or underutilized rust resistance genes. Additionally several articles are being completed and will be submitted for publication in peer review journals.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1) Evaluate commercial cultivars and advance breeding lines of hard red spring, durum and winter wheat for resistance to local, naturally-occurring, and emerging races of wheat rusts in field and greenhouse To provide current information about pathogen virulence in our region and to determine which resistance genes and sources are still effective I evaluated experimental plots in Fargo and at the North Dakota Experimental Stations Research and Education Centers in Carrington and Langdon for leaf rust evaluation. I also evaluated the spring and durum wheat breeding leaf rust nurseries at all three location. To complement the data collected in the field, the same entries were evaluated as seedlings as well as adult plants in replicated trials in the greenhouse using several races of the leaf rust pathogen that are common in our area. These entries include current varieties, elite materials form breeding program and checks. At the global level, overseas rust screening of NDSU and other relevant germplasm in key locations such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Morocco International Rust Nurseries allowed me to do a "risk assessment" of germplasm to potentially threatening rust population, (such as Ug99) in currently present in other parts of the world. Use of genetic markers and adaptation of marker assisted selection protocols into my program has allowed me to determine the presence/absence of resistance genes in the most popular local varieties. this infgoramtion is crucial to better utilized rust resitance to and to achive longer lasting resitance. We currently have in place protocols to evaluate wheat germplasm to multiple leaf and stem rust resistance gens including Lr21,Lr16, Lr23, Lr34, Lr46, Lr19, Lr68, and Sr2. we also sent germplasm DNA to be tested with diagnostic markers at USDA-ARS genotyping laboratory in NC. Objective 2) Identify and/or characterize novel or under-utilized sources of resistance in spring, winter, and durum wheat germplasm for resistance to local and emerging rust pathogens to broaden the genetic basis of rust resistance in NDAES wheat lines. After identifying potentially new and underutilized sources of rust resistance a crossing block has been established in my program to incorporate new sources of resistance to the stem rust lineage TTKS (Ug99) into ND adapted HRSW varieties. In the spring of 2015 the germplasm will be provided to the NDSU HRSW breeding program for further evaluation. Similarly, an underutilized leaf rust resistance gene, Lr19, originally from hexaploid wheat, was crossed (two generations are available) to NDSU durum wheat variety "Divide" to transfer additional source of resistance not currently available in durum wheat varieties. Germplas m with superion Lr resitance confered by Lr19 wil lbe provided to NDSU durum wheat breeder in Spring of 2015. Since limited information is available about the genetic location of leaf rust resistance in durum wheat and other tetraploid Triticum species; 497 and 281 Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum and Triticum dicoccum subsp dicoccum respectively were evaluated in international nurseries in Ethiopia and Mexico and under greenhouse conditions at NDSU for leaf rust resistance. Data collected is currently being utilized in association mapping analysis in collaboration with Dr. Shiaoman Chao and Dr. Steven Xu. Genetic locations and SNP markers associate with leaf rust resistance have been identified. Based on this information, a total of 17 durum wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum mapping populations were developed and during the past year where advanced and tested for leaf rust resitance to determine/validate genetic location of leaf rust resistance genes. Two wheat mapping populations segregating for resistance to Ug99 have been advanced and evaluated during the past three years. Genotypic data was acquired for one population providing an essential tool for the mapping and potential cloning of the SrWLR gene on wheat chromosome 2B. A high resolution mapping population from the same cross was developed for the identification and cloning of this resistance. This data has allowed us to narrow down the genetic location of the Ug99 resistance gene to 0.8 cM. second popualtion was anlyzed via QTL for stem and leaf rust resistance. Two new sources of Ug99 resistance have been backcrossed to adapted HRSW from the NDAES wheat breeding program with the intention to incorporate the resistance into new varieties. Objective 3) Investigate the genetic and cellular mechanisms involved in race-specific and non-race specific rust resistance to potentially improve the deployment and durability of rust resistance in wheat cultivars. Protocols for microscopic examination of the infection process during compatible and incompatible interactions have been established and utilized to describe different "mode of action" of leaf rust resistance genes. Laser Captured microdissection protocols have been developed. 4) Monitor the rust pathogen populations in North Dakota to detect possible changes in virulence that can threaten wheat production in the State. Leaf rust samples were collected in multiple locations across state including Fargo, Carrington, and Langdon. Samples were increase andwere characterized for virulence phenotype.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Zurn, J.D, M. Newcomb, .M. Rouse, Y. Jin, S. Chao, J. Sthapit, D. See, R Wanyera, P. Njau, J.M. Bonman, R Brueggeman, M. Acevedo. 2014. High Density Mapping of a Resistance Gene to Ug99 from the Iranian Landrace PI 626573. Mol Breeding 34: 871-881.
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Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The knowledge acquired during this project a will impact the advance of science in the area of host resistance and rust pathology as well as host pathogen interaction. The data gathered about pathogen virulence and wheat germplasm disease reaction to current pathogen populations provide the wheat breeders and wheat producers information that can be utilized for variety development and variety selection for planting based on their reaction to rust diseases.The germplasm generated will be provided to the NDSU wheat breeding program for potential incorporation into future varieties. The project has also allowed the training of several graduate students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project has provided training for two master studnets three PhD students, and one undergradaute student. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? North Dakota Wheat Commission Crop Outlook, U.S. Durum Growers Association and the International Durum Forum and North Dakota Wheat Commission County Representative Annual Meetings. In 2012, I was invited to attend the Hard Red Spring Wheat Roundtable hosted by the North Dakota Wheat Commission. At this meeting, a small group of 45 wheat industry representatives including HRS breeders and NDSU researchers, producers, country elevator/warehouseman, transporters, domestic millers, exporters and export developers were discussed the opportunities and challenges facing the HRS wheat market class. Additionally updates on the research projects have been presented at National and International Professional meetings including the North Central American Phytopathological Society meeting in 2013, the Annual American Phyrtopatholgical Society meeting in Austin, Texas Borlaug Global Rust Initiative conference in Dehli, India, and the12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Abtracts of this presentation were publishe in suplemetnal volumes of Phytopathology and Meeting Proceedings respectively. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue with the characterization and incorporation of new or underutlized rust resistance genes. Additionally several articles are being completed and will be submitted for publication in peer review journals.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1) Evaluate commercial cultivars and advance breeding lines of hard red spring, durum and winter wheat for resistance to local, naturally-occurring, and emerging races of wheat rusts in field and greenhouse To provide current information about pathogen virulence in our region and to determine which resistance genes and sources are still effective I evaluated experimental plots in Fargo and at the North Dakota Experimental Stations Research and Education Centers in Carrington and Langdon for leaf rust evaluation. I also evaluated the spring and durum wheat breeding leaf rust nurseries at all three location. To complement the data collected in the field, the same entries were evaluated as seedlings as well as adult plants in replicated trials in the greenhouse using several races of the leaf rust pathogen that are common in our area. These entries include current varieties, elite materials form breeding program and checks. At the global level, overseas rust screening of NDSU and other relevant germplasm in key locations such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Mexico International Rust Nurseries allowed me to do a “risk assessment” of locally adapted germplasm to potentially threatening rust population, (such as Ug99) in currently present in other parts of the world. Use of genetic markers and adaptation of marker assisted selection protocols into my program has allowed me to determine the presence/absence of resistance genes in the most popular local varieties. this infgoramtion is crucial to better utilized rust resitance to and to achive longer lasting resitance. We currently have in place protocols to evaluate wheat germplasm to multiple leaf and stem rust resistance gens including Lr21,Lr16, Lr23, Lr34, Lr46, Lr19, and Sr2. Objective 2) Identify and/or characterize novel or under-utilized sources of resistance in spring, winter, and durum wheat germplasm for resistance to local and emerging rust pathogens to broaden the genetic basis of rust resistance in NDAES wheat lines. After identifying potentially new and underutilized sources of rust resistance a crossing block has been established in my program to incorporate new sources of resistance to the stem rust lineage TTKS (Ug99) into ND adapted HRSW varieties. In the fall of 2014, the germplasm will be provided to the NDSU HRSW breeding program for further evaluation. Similarly, an underutilized leaf rust resistance gene, Lr19, originally from hexaploid wheat, was crossed (two generations are available) to NDSU durum wheat variety “Divide” to transfer additional source of resistance not currently available in durum wheat varieties. Since limited information is available about the genetic location of leaf rust resistance in durum wheat and other tetraploid Triticum species; 497 and 281 Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum and Triticum dicoccum subsp dicoccum respectively were evaluated in international nurseries in Ethiopia and Mexico and under greenhouse conditions at NDSU for leaf rust resistance. Data collected is currently being utilized in association mapping analysis in collaboration with Dr. Shiaoman Chao and Dr. Steven Xu. Genetic locations and SNP markers associate with leaf rust resistance have been identified. Based on this information, a total of 17 durum wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum mapping populations were developed to determine/validate genetic location of leaf rust resistance genes. Two wheat mapping populations segregating for resistance to Ug99 have been advanced and evaluated during the past three years. Genotypic data was acquired for one population providing an essential tool for the mapping and potential cloning of the SrWLR gene on wheat chromosome 2B. A high resolution mapping population from the same cross was developed for the identification and cloning of this resistance. This data has allowed us to narrow down the genetic location of the Ug99 resistance gene. Two new sources of Ug99 resistance have been crossed to adapted HRSW from the NDAES wheat breeding program with the intention to incorporate the resistance into new varieties. Objective 3) Investigate the genetic and cellular mechanisms involved in race-specific and non-race specific rust resistance to potentially improve the deployment and durability of rust resistance in wheat cultivars. Protocols for microscopic examination of the infection process during compatible and incompatible interactions have been established and utilized to describe different “mode of action” of leaf rust resistance genes. A quantitative PCR protocol was developed to quantify pathogen in infected tissue. This methodology will be utilized to improve our capability to select for broad and long-lasting rust resistance to develop new rust resistant wheat varieties. 4) Monitor the rust pathogen populations in North Dakota to detect possible changes in virulence that can threaten wheat production in the State. Leaf rust samples were collected in multiple locations across state including Fargo, Carrington, and Langdon. Samples were increase and are currently being characterized for virulence phenotype. In 2013, over 50 samples were characterized confirming the newly developed and increasing in frequency, virulence on the Lr21 gene. Lr21 is one of the major components of leaf rust resistance in important in current NDSU spring wheat varieties.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Mergoum, M., R.C. Frohberg, R.W. Stack, S. Simsek, T.B. Adhikari, J. B. Rasmussen, S. Zhong, M. Acevedo, M.S. Alamri, P.K. Singh, T.L. Friesen, J.A. Anderson. 2013. Prosper: A High-Yielding Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivar Adapted to the North Central Plains of the USA.J. Plant Reg. 7: 7580.
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: A total of 486 breeding lines from the NDSU Hard Red Spring (208 lines), Durum (93 lines) and Hard Red Winter (185) Wheat breeding programs were evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions against prevalent races of the leaf and stripe rust pathogens. These entries included NDAES released varieties, experimental lines and advance elite germplasm that will be put forward for release in the spring of 2013. Additionally, entries, considered progenitors and founding lines for experimental lines that may be release in the future as varieties, were evaluated against emerging stem, stripe, and leaf rust pathogen in the International Stem Rust nursery in Njoro Kenya and Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. A mapping population segregating for the Lr35 gene which provides adult plant resistance to most of the current races in our region was evaluated in greenhouse conditions to identify recombinants that may possess a shorter genetic translocation carrying the resistance genes. Additionally, crosses were made with two different sources of resistance, Lr19 and CIMMYT line Parula (carrying multiple leaf rust adult plant resistance) to adapted durum and spring wheat lines respectively. Multiple backcrosses to the adapted lines will be done during 2013 for further evaluation of disease resistance and agronomic potential. Additionally, the first set of crosses was made to incorporate a new source of resistance to the stem rust races of the Ug99 lineage into highly adapted HRSW cultivars. Additionally, over 100 wheat, barley and oat rust samples were collected in 2012 across ND from Research Centers' plots with natural disease incidence. Samples were increased in the greenhouse and characterized for virulence pattern. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Screenings of adapted elite lines experimental lines and landraces has allowed the identification of new or underutilized resistance sources and is being used for development of mapping population to characterize resistance genes. The data and results obtained from monitoring the rust pathogen populations in North Dakota to detect possible changes in virulence that can threaten wheat production in the State, is being used to determine prevalent races in our area and determine the best resistance genes to incorporate in to germplasm that can be utilized in variety development. Additionally, this information will be valuable to determine the changes in the pathogens population and to better understand the pathogen adaptation. To gain more knowledge about the molecular and genetic mode of action of non-race specific resistance genes a combination of quantitative PCR, RT-PCR, histology and conventional plant pathology techniques were developed and are under testing to study the leaf and stem rust pathogen development during different infection stages in germplasm carrying race-specific, non-race specific genes as well as in susceptible genotypes.
Publications
- Acevedo, M. 2012. Leaf Rust. Prairie Grains. 120:6-7.
- Dugyala S., Borowicz P., Brueggeman, R. and Acevedo, M. 2012. Histological characterization of wheat pre-and post-haustorial resistance components to the leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina. Phytopathology 102(Suppl. 5):S5.4
- Ransom J., E. Elias, M. Acevedo, T. Friesen, F. Manthey, M. McMullen, E. Eriksmoen, B. Hanson, M. Halvorson and G. Bradbury. 2012. North Dakota Durum Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2011 and Selection Guide A-1067-12 (Revised).
- Ransom J., M. Mergoum, S. Simsek, M. Acevedo, T. Friesen, M. McMullen, S. Zhong E. Eriksmoen, M. Halvorson, B. Hanson, G. Martin, G. Bradbury and B. Schatz. 2012. North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2011 and Selection Guide. A-574-12 (Revised).
- Ransom J., E. Elias, M. Acevedo, T. Friesen, F. Manthey, M. McMullen, E. Eriksmoen, B. Hanson, M. Halvorson and G. Bradbury. 2011. North Dakota Durum Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2011 and Selection Guide A-1067 (Revised).
- Ransom J., M. Mergoum, S. Simsek, M. Acevedo, T. Friesen, M. McMullen, S. Zhong E. Eriksmoen, M. Halvorson, B. Hanson, G. Martin, G. Bradbury and B. Schatz. 2011. North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2011 and Selection Guide. A-574 (Revised).
- Zurn, J., M. Newcomb, M. Rouse, Y. Jin, S. Chao, J. Sthapit, D. See, R. Wanyera, P. Njau, J. M. Bonman, R. Brueggeman, and M. Acevedo. 2012. High-Resolution Mapping of a new source of resistance to Ug99 from a spring wheat landrace. In proceedings of Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2012 Technical Workshop, September 1-4, 2012, Beijing, China.
- Zurn, J., R. Brueggeman and M. Acevedo. 2011. Evaluation of Hordeum vulgare L. resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici via quantitative real-time PCR. 2011. American Phytopathological Society Field Crop Rust Symposium, San Antonio, TX.
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