Progress 02/01/12 to 01/31/18
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audiences that were reached by this project were extension professionals, Poultry scientists, nutritionists, and small and medium poultry producers. The small and medium farmers were primary audience that was reached through meetings, personal contact and statewide meetings. Additional information was presented at the Midwest Poultry Federation, and the Big South Poultry Conference. In service training were conducted for agents and the National Poultry extension workshop was used to reach state extension specialists. Poultry scientists and nutritionists that provide information directly to our primary audience of small and medium poultry producers were also targeted. The Poultry scientists and nutritionist were reached through the Poultry Science annual meeting, International Poultry Science Forum and the Multistate Poultry Feeding and Nutrition Conference. Information from this project was distributed to the participants of the multistate project NE 1442. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? PhD student conducted research trials as part of her dissertation research. Three other graduate students and four undergraduates volunteered to help with the research. The PhD candidate presented her findings at the Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, the International Poultry Science Forum.and at two industry conferences. The student twice received Certificate of Excellence for her presentations at Poultry Science. One undergraduate student conducted taste panels for the project as part of her undergraduate experiential learning experience. She presented the material at the International Poultry Science Forum. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The target audiences that were reached by this project were extension professionals, Poultry scientists, nutritionists, and small and medium poultry producers. The small and medium farmers were primary audience that was reached through meetings, personal contact and statewide meetings. Additional information was presented to producers at the Midwest Poultry Federation, and the Big South Poultry Conference. In service training were conducted for agents and the National Poultry extension workshop was used to reach state extension specialists. Poultry scientists and nutritionists that provide information directly to our primary audience of small and medium poultry producers were also targeted. The Poultry scientists and nutritionist were reached through the Poultry Science annual meeting, International Poultry Science Forum and the Multistate Poultry Feeding and Nutrition Conference. Proceedings from the Midwest Poultry Federation conference and the Multistate Poultry Feeding and Nutrition Conference are available online at the websites of the two conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Determination of the nutritional requirements of alternative poultry breeds Compared to broilers slow growing broilers and heritage breeds require less protein, methonine, phosporus and calicum in their diet. They do require increased calories. Their growth rates are signifcantly slower and require more days to equal target weights. The slow growing broiler and heritage breeds have poorer feed efficiency and ultimately require more total nutrients per pound of gain. Objective 2: Evaluation of the potential for alternative feed ingredients in pasture poultry diets. Broilers had better growth performance than males from a Black Sex Linked cross or straight run Rhode Island Reds. For all three breeds, field peas replaced 30% of the Corn Soya (CSM) diet without reducing performance. However, a 50% replacement of CSM with field peas, buckwheat, and flax seed resulted in reduced performance that was mitigated by adding a dietary enyzme. A study evaluated the use of sorghum and field peas as replacements for corn and soybean meal in diets for 2 heritage breeds: Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR). Total replacement of CSM with sorghum and field peas reduced bird performance. However, sorghum replaced corn and partially replaced soy without detrimental effects for RIR but reduced body weight in the BPR. This breed interaction indicates a possible difference in dietary requirements between breeds. The use of sorghum and field peas with or without a dietary enzyme complex to replace corn and soy-bean meal may reduce the live weight and alter the breast meat color of heritage breeds, but it does not affect their carcass composition. The use of alternative breeds and feed ingredients affects meat color and negatively effects lipid peroxidation, but the effect on lipid peroxidation may be mitigated through the inclusion of dietary enzymes Objective 3: Determination of the potential of pastures to meet some of the nutritional requirements of poultry raised in a pasture production system To determine the potential role that insects serve as a potential source of nutrients for birds raised on pasture a survey of insects was conducted on three types of pastures. The number of insects and the classification was completed three times on fields in to different locations. The population of insects varied by time of year and crop. The variablity of insect populations indicates that they are an unreliable source of nutrients for pasture raised poultry. A study compared the effect of finishing meat chickens on pasture with those raised in floor pens. The only nutrient significantly (P<0.05) affected by location was protein. Breast and thigh meat from broilers finished on pasture were higher in protein (20.1 vs 18.9%) than from those finished on the floor. While many consumers believe that raising chickens on pasture increases vitamin A content, this was not found to be the case. Objective 4: To determine buyer preferences and willingness-to-pay for heritage chicken, with or without access to pasture. Three heritage breeds and a commercial broilers were reared either in indoor floor pens or finished on alfalfa pastures. Rhode Island Red (RIR), Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) and Black Australorp (BA) were started in floor pens and half placed on pasture at 4 wks of age. Com-mercial broilers (BR) were started 7 weeks later due to faster growth rate, with half of BR placed on pasture at 3 wks of age .There were breed by location and location by sex interactions for cooking loss of thighs, with males finished on pasture having the lowest cooking loss, while females on pasture having the highest. Males and females raised on the floor had similar cooking loss for thighs. An untrained panel evaluated skinless breast meat samples . There was no significant effect of the parameters on tenderness. There was a significant interaction of breed, sex and location on juiciness of the breast meat with the broilers raised with or without pasture having a lower score than the heritage breeds. For overall acceptability, there was a significant effect of location with birds raised inside having a higher score than those finished on pasture. The breed, method of rearing as well as sex of the bird can influence the cooking loss and sensory evaluation of chicken meat . There is no clear indication of any trait that would be perceived as a superior product. A study compared the nutrient content of breast meat and thigh meat from four sources of chickens finished on pasture vs those raised in floor pens. There was no effect of breed on breast fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content. Chickens finished on pasture had less fat content in breast meat than those finished in floor pens . For those finished on the floor, the females had more fat in breast meat than the males. Similar results were observed with the MUFA content. Those finished on pasture had higher protein, lower SFA and lower PUFA content in breast meat than those finished on the floor. The thigh meat from chickens finished on pasture had significantly higher moisture, protein, and cholesterol, but less fat, MUFA and PUFA . While some consumers believe that raising chickens on pasture increases omega-3 fatty acids, this was not found to be the case with the thigh meat. A study compared the change in meat color for breast meat from four different sources (commercial broiler strain (BR), Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR), Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Black Australorp (BA)) finished on the floor or on pasture. After 3 days of storage, the breast meat from the 3 alternative breeds became significantly lighter. Thebreast meat from the alternative breeds increased in yellowness more than that of the meat from the BR. There was no effect of finishing location on the light-ness or redness values of the breast meat. The breast meat of the chickens finished on the floor, however, became more yellow than for the breast meat of those finished on pasture. Meat color varies with breed, sex and location and may affect consumer acceptance. A study was conducted to assess the production potential of the dual breeds Rhode Island Reds (RIR), Barred Plymouth Rocks (BPR), and Black Australorps (BA) compared to a commercial brown layer (ISA), a black-sex link (BSL) and a red sex-link (RSL). Pullet chicks were fed a starter broiler diet for the first 2 weeks and then fed cafeteria-style till 20 weeks of age. At 20 weeks of age 65 pullets per breed were randomly assigned to one of five pens per breed, and placed on a layer feed. During a 28 week production cycle average egg production and egg weight were determined in 4 week periods. The ISA Browns out performed all the other breeds. The hens peaked higher and maintained egg production longer than any of the other breeds. Over the 28 weeks of production, the ISA hens average 85.2% Hen-Day (HD) egg production. The RSL and BSL hens averaged only 69.3 and 70.8%, respectively. The RIR and BPR were similar to the sex-link crosses with 70.9 and 65.6% production, respectively. Objective 5: To develop economic and agribusiness management projects developed from both the animal husbandry and marketing research components of the project. When comparing broilers to slow growth meat chickens a 10 % price premium is needed to break even and a 29% price premium is needed to have the same net income. Changing to slow growth meat breeds will directly impact the resorces needed by the poultry industru and will ultimately have a negative impact on the environment and sustainability. Results of a survey of Hispanic consumers indicated a preference to purchase live chickens over processed chickens. Of the three heritage breeds available, Hispanic consumers prefer Black Australorps.The average stated willingness to pay was between $8 and $10 per chicken; however, it is unclear if small-scale farmers can be profitable at these prices.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Raab, D., S. Dasgupta, J. Kelso, A.D. Wright, R.C. Bryant, A. Pescatore and J. Jacob. 2017. Selling live heritage breed poultry to Hispanics, Journal of National Association of County Agricultural Agents. 10(1). online www.nacaa.com/journal/index.php?jid=695
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Jacob, J., Pescatore, A. J., Rentfrow, G., Ford, M., Fisher, T., Adedokun, S., Ao, T. 2018. Meat color of breast meat from broilers and alternative breeds finished on the floor or on pasture. Poult. Sci. 97(E-Suppl. 1) 324.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Pescatore, A. J., Jacob, J., Rentfrow, G., Ford, M., Fisher, T., Adedokun, S., Ao, T. 2018. The influence of genetics, housing system and storage time on changes to breast meat color.Poult. Sci. 97(E-Suppl. 1). 324
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Pescatore, A., M. Bear, G. Rentfrow, J. Jacob, T. Fisher, M. Paul, and M. Ford. 2017. Sensory evaluation and cooking yields of chicken meat from heritage breeds or broilers reared on pasture or in floor pens. Poult. Sci. 96 (E-Supplement 1), 208
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Jacob, J., A. Pescatore, M. Ford, T. Fisher, S. Adedokun and T. Ao. 2017. Nutrient content of breast meat from broilers and alternative breeds finished on the floor or on pasture. Poult. Sci. 96 (E-Supplement 1), 302.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Jacob, J., A. Pescatore, M. Ford, T. Fisher, S. Adedokun and T. Ao. 2017. Nutrient content of meat from broilers finished on the floor or on pasture. Poult. Sci. 96 (E-Supplement 1),300
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Jacob, J., A. Pescatore, M. Ford, T. Fisher, S. Adedokun and T. Ao. 2017. Nutrient content of thigh meat from broilers and alternative breeds finished on the floor or on pasture. Poult. Sci. 96 (E-Supplement 1), 301
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tatijana Fisher*, Anthony Pescatore, Jacquie Jacob, Austin Cantor, Mike Ford, and Tuoying Ao. 2015. Use of sorghum and field peas to replace corn and soybean meal in diets for heritage chicken breeds. Poult. Sci. 94 (E-Suppl. 1) 32P.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Specialty poultry production: Impact of genotype, feed strategies, alternative feedstuffs, and dietary enzymes on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of heritage breed chickens. Author Tatijana Fisher, Advisor Anthony Pescatore. ISBN: 9781369408874
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Jacob, J. , A. J. Pescatore, A. H. Cantor, T. M. Fisher, and M. J. Ford 2014. Evaluation of the methionine requirement for three dual-purpose chicken breeds. Poult. Sci, 93 (E-Suppl. 1). 119-120
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Jacqueline P. Jacob, Anthony J. Pescatore, Michael J. Ford, Tatijana M. Fisher, Sunday A. Adedokon, and Tuoying Ao. 2016. Growth performance of broiler chickens and heritage breeds raised on pasture. Poult. Sci, 95 (E-Suppl. 1)125
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Fisher T. M., A. J. Pescatore, J. P. Jacob, M. A. Paul, M. van Benschoten, L. R. Good, A. H. Cantor, and M. J. Ford. 2014. Growth and nutrient intake patterns of meat-type strains and heritage breeds of chickens using a self-selection feeding program. Poult. Sci, 93 (E-Suppl. 1 ). 3.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Tatijana Fisher, Anthony J. Pescatore, Jacqueline P. Jacob, Austin Cantor, Michael J . Ford, and Tuoying Ao 2016. Effect of sex and feed ingredients on carcass yields of commercial broilers and Rhode Island Reds. Poult. Sci, 95 (E-Suppl. 1). 7
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Tatijana Fisher, Anthony Pescatore, Jacquie Jacob, Austin Cantor, Mike Ford, and Tuoying Ao. 2016. Effect of feed ingredients and breed of chicken on meat quality. Poult. Sci, 95 (E-Suppl. 1) 173-174
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Jacqueline P. Jacob, Anthony J. Pescatore, Michael J. Ford, Tatijana M. Fisher, Sunday A. Adedokun, and Tuoying Ao. 2016 Carcass yield of broiler chickens and heritage breeds raised on pasture. Poult. Sci, 95 (E-Suppl. 1)125-126
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Jacqueline P. Jacob, Anthony J. Pescatore, Michael J. Ford, Tatijana M. Fisher, Harold D. Gillespie, Sunday A. Adedokun, and Tuoying Ao. 2016. Effect of raising different breeds of chicken on pasture on skeletal development. Poult. Sci, 95 (E-Suppl. 1) 126
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Mckenzie Bear, Gregg Rentfrow, Jacqueline Jacob, Anthony Pescatore, Tatijana Fisher, Marquisha Paul, Michael Ford. 2016. The effect of pasture vs indoor rearing on the breast filet shelf-life of commercial-meat chickens and alternative breeds. Poult. Sci, 95 (E-Suppl. 1) 198-199
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Tatijana Fisher, Anthony Pescatore, Jacquie Jacob, Austin Cantor, Mike Ford, Tuoying Ao.2016. Carcass traits of heritage chicken breeds using sorghum and field peas to replace corn and soybean meal in diets Poult. Sci, 95 (E-Suppl. 1) 280
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Anthony Pescatore, Tatijana Fisher, Jacqueline Jacob, Michael Ford. 2017. The potential impact of replacing broilers with slower growing strains on industry resources and infrastructure. Poult. Sci, 96 (E-Suppl. 1) 267
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Progress 02/01/13 to 01/31/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Target audiences are small and medium producers of poultry, feed company nutritionists and poultry scientists. Changes/Problems: The University of Kentucky had a fire that destroyed its feed mill which resulted in a delay in completing nutrition studies, Temporary feed mixingfacilitiesthatare labor intensive are currently being used to mix diets which is allowing us to continue with our studies. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Information from studies conducted under objectives 1 and 2 have been presented at the International Poultry Scientific Forum meeting. The audience was Poultry Nutritionists that will use this information generated to formulate diets for small and medium poultry flocks. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Information has been disseminated through scientific meeting and producer meetings What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Objectives 1 and 2 Publications on information will be prepared and published in scientific journals on completed studies. A webinar through eXtension will be conducted to disseminate information to the target audience. Extension publication will be completed on results. Additional experiments will be conducted to further refine the nutrient needs of the birds. Objective 3 Insect surveys and nutrient content of pastures plantedin prioryear will be determined Objective 4 Market surveywill be conducted to determine consumer preference Object 5 Economic models will be created using growth and feed consumption data obtained in Objectives 1.and 2
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: A study was conducted to assess the production potential of the dual breeds Rhode Island Reds (RIR), Barred Plymouth Rocks (BPR), and Black Australorps (BA) compared to a commercial brown layer (ISA), a black-sex link (BSL) and a red sex-link (RSL). Pullet chicks were fed a starter broiler diet for the first 2 weeks and then fed cafeteria-style till 20 weeks of age. At 20 weeks of age 65 pullets per breed were randomly assigned to one of five pens per breed, and placed on a layer feed. During a 28 week production cycle average egg production and egg weight were determined in 4 week periods. The ISA Browns out performed all the other breeds. The hens peaked higher and maintained egg production longer than any of the other breeds. Over the 28 weeks of production, the ISA hens average 85.2% Hen-Day (HD) egg production. The RSL and BSL hens averaged only 69.3 and 70.8%, respectively. The RIR and BPR were similar to the sex-link crosses with 70.9 and 65.6% production, respectively. The BA hens were the poorest producers, averaging only 59.4% production. Egg size was also higher for the ISA hens. The ISA hens produced larger eggs throughout the study, averaging 64.9 g. The BSL and RSL average 57.5 and 56.5 g, respectively. The RIR were similar to the sex-link crosses with an average egg weight of 56.7 g. The BPR and BA produced the smallest eggs with 53.8 and 54.8 g, respectively. At the end of the 28 week trial, the BPR hens were the heaviest at 2342 g and the ISA hens weighed the least at 1922 g. The RSL and BSL hens weighed more than the ISA at 2108 and 2340 g, respectively. The RIR and BA hens weighed 2089 and 2208 g, respectively. Objective 2: Astudy was conducted to determine the grain preferences of alternative chicken breeds/strains used for meat production. Seventy-five dayold chicks from each of six breeds/strains (Cornish Cross males (CCM), Cornish Cross females (CCF), Red Ranger males (RR), and males from three heritage breeds: Rhode Island Red (RIR), Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR), and Black Australorp (BA)) were divided into three replicate groups and randomly assigned to floor pens at 929 cm2/bird. The chicks received a complete diet for two weeks, and were then transitioned to a self-selection feeding program with four feed choices fed ad libitum: a 39% CP protein concentrate, cracked corn, rolled naked oats, and pearl millet. The feeds were randomly allocated to four identical feeders within each pen and the feeders were rotated 2-3 times per week. Grain preferences were calculated for each breed/strain over two body weight periods: 1) 500 to 1500g and 2) 1500 to 2300g. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Averaged over the two BW periods, BPR consumed significantly more cracked corn than either pearl millet or naked oats. BA followed the same pattern, except they consumed significantly less naked oats during the first BW period. RR and RIR showed a significant preference for cracked corn and pearl millet over naked oats during the first BW period. During the second BW period, RR and RIR showed a significant preference for pearl millet over cracked corn, with extremely low consumption of naked oats. CCM showed a significant preference for cracked corn over naked oats during the first BW period, but pearl millet was not significantly different from the other grains. However, in the second BW period, CCM showed a significant preference for cracked corn over both pearl millet and naked oats. CCF preferred cracked corn over the other grains during both BW periods, with a significant difference between pearl millet and naked oats during the second BW period. Overall, cracked corn was the grain of choice for four of the six breeds/ strains during both BW periods, pearl millet was preferred by RR and RIR during the second BW period, and naked oats were the least preferred for all breeds/strains. These grain preferences, which differed between growth periods and among breeds/strains, should be considered when formulating diets for alternative breeds/strains. Objective 3: Pasture at Kentucky State University that were planted last fall will be available for insect count this growing season. Objective 4 Market survey will be conducted during year 3 Objective 5 Economic models will be created using growth and feed consumption data in Objectives 1 and 2.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Potential of alternative egg producing breeds for small-scale
poultry production Jacqueline Jacob, Anthony Pescatore, Tatijana Fisher,
Michael Ford, Austin Cantor, Marquisha Paul, Megan Vanbenschoten,
Lindsay Good.
2014 International Poultry Scientific Forum. p57.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Grain preferences of alternative breeds used for meat production
determined through a self-selection feeding program Tatijana Fisher*SC,
Anthony Pescatore, Jacqueline Jacob, Marquisha Paul, Megan van Benschoten, Lindsay Good, Austin Cantor, Michael Ford.
2014 International Poultry Scientific Forum. p77.
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Progress 02/01/12 to 01/31/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Target audience is small and medium producer of poultry, feed company nutritionists and poultry scientists Changes/Problems: The University of Kentucky had a fire that destroyed its feed mill which resulted in a delay in completing nutrition studies, however feed mixing capabilities have been replaced and the project is now back on schedule. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Information from studies conducted under objectives 1 and 2 have been presented at the Poultry Science Association meeting, The audience was Poultry Nutritionists that will use this information generated to formulate diets for small and medium poultry flocks. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The information has been disseminated through scientific meetings and producer meetings What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Objectives 1 and 2 Publications on information will be prepared and published in scientific journals on completed studies. A webinar through eXtension will be conducted to disseminate information to the target audience. Extension publication will be completed on results. Additional experiments will be conducted to further refine the nutrient needs of the birds. Objective 3 Insect surveys and nutrient content of pastures planted this year will be determined Object 4 Taste panels will be conducted to determine consumer preference Object 5 Economic models will be created using growth and feed consumption data obtained in Objective 1.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objectives 1 and 2 Study 1: A study was conducted to determine the nutrient and energy intakeof alternative chicken breeds used for meat production through a self selection feeding program.Breed/strain were Cornish Cross males (CCM), Cornish Cross females (CCF), Red Rangers males (RR), and males from 3 heritage breeds of Rhode Island Red (RIR), Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR), and Black Australorp (BA). All birds were grown to 2300 g. CCM, CCF, RR, and the heritage breeds reached this weight at 7, 8, 9, and 20 weeks respectively. During the self-selection feeding program, the average daily gain was 51.0, 45.1, 35.2, and 10.5g/bird/day for CCM, CCF, RR, and the heritage breeds respectively (P< 0.0001). The heritage breeds had a signiicantly poorer (P < 0.0001) feed eficiency (feed/gain = 5.79) than CCM (2.00), CCF (2.07), and RR (2.56). CCM, CCF, and RR selected diets lower in energy (2887vs. 2950 vs. 2982 vs. 3068 kcal/kg, P < 0.0001), and higher in protein (20.8 vs. 19.2 vs. 18.3 vs. 16.2%, P < 0.0001) than the heritage breeds.Methionine intake varied signiicantly (P < 0.0001) by breed/strain with CCM having the highest (0.32%), followed by the CCF and RR (0.31%),and was lowest in the heritage breeds (0.27%). Based on self-selection, the nutrient and energy intake varied by breed/strain and should be takeninto consideration when formulating diets for alternative breeds/strains. Study 2: The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass yield and composition of alternative chicken breeds/strains raised for meat production. The breeds utilized were Cornish Cross males (CCM), Cornish Cross females (CCF), Red Rangers males (RR), and males from 3 heritage breeds Rhode Island Red (RIR), Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR), and Black Astralorp (BA)). Birds were processed when the average bodyweight for the breed/strain reached 2300 g. CCM, CCF, and RR reached this weight at 7, 8, and 9 weeks respectively. At 10 weeks of age, the heritage breeds had not yet reached target weight and were split into 2 groups – one remaining on self-selection and one placed on a complete broiler starter diet (3084 kcal/kg, 22% CP). The heritage breeds reached target weight at 20 weeks of age. The parameters measured at processing included live weight, WOG weight, part weights (boneless breasts with skin, whole legs, and wings), fat pad weight, and giblet weight. CCM and CCF had signiicantly higher WOG yields when compared with the other breeds/strains (73.7 vs. 67.5%, P < 0.0001). CCF had signiicantly higher boneless breast yields than CCM, and both had signiicantly higher yields than the other breeds/strains (25.4 vs. 23.0 vs. 13.0%, P < 0.0001). Conversely, leg and wing yields were lower for the CCM and CCF than for the other breeds/strains. As a percentage of live weight, liver weights were higher for the CCM, CCF, and RR thanfor the heritage breeds. CCM, CCF, and RR had signiicantly smaller gizzards than the heritage breeds on self-selection diets. Fat pad weight varied by breed with no consistent pattern. Heritage breeds switched to broiler starter had signiicantly smaller gizzards (1.92 vs. 2.28%, P= 0.0262) and smaller fat pads (0.94 vs. 1.77%, P = 0.0014) than those remaining on self-selection. Study 3: The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient and energy intake of alternative chicken breeds as replacement pullets through a self-selection feeding program.. At 19 weeks of age, individual body weight averaged 1630 g for Red Sex-Link, 1623g for Black Sex-Link, 1612 g for lack Australorp, 1565 g for Barred Plymouth Rock, 1523 g for ISA Brown, and 1444 g for Rhode Island Red pullets. The body weights of the Red Sex-Link, Black Sex-Link, and Black Australorp pullets were signiicantly different (P = 0.0026) from that of the ISA Brown and Rhode Island Red pullets. The body weights for the Barred Plymouth Rock pullets were signiicantly different from the Rhode Island Red pullets. Average daily feed intake (52.8 g/bird/day) from placement (1d of age) through the end of the study was not signiicantly different among the breeds/strains (P = 0.27). Additionally,there were no signiicant differences in diet selection between breeds (P> 0.05). Free-choice feed selection for all breeds/strains resulted in a dietcontaining approximately 3098 kcal/kg, 15.4% protein, 0.26% methionine, 0.51% calcium, and 0.29% phosphorus. Self-selection resulted indiets that were suficient in protein, methionine, and phosphorus, butlower in calcium and higher in energy than NRC requirements. Objective 3 Pastures at Kentucky State University have be planted with four different crops and will be available for research in the spring of 2014. Objective 4 To be conducted in year 2 Objective 5 Data collected in Objectives 1 and 2 will be used as basis for modeling in year 2.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Growth performance, nutrient and energy intake of alter�native breed replacement pullets provided through the use of a
self-selection feeding program. T. M. Fisher*, A. J. Pescatore, J. P.
Jacob, M. A. Paul, M. van Benschoten, L. R. Good, A. H. Cantor, and
M. J. Ford, Poult Sci 92 (E-Suppl)
Carcass traits of alternative breed meat birds provided
either a self-selected feeding program or a complete broiler starter
diet. T. M. Fisher*, A. J. Pescatore, J. P. Jacob, M. A. Paul, M. van
Benschoten, L. R. Good, A. H. Cantor, and M. J. Ford, Poult Sci 92 (E-Suppl)
Growth performance, nutrient and energy intake of alter�native breeds used for meat production provided through the use
of a self-selection feeding program. T. M. Fisher*, A. J. Pescatore, J.
P. Jacob, M. A. Paul, M. van Benschoten, L. R. Good, A. H. Cantor,
and M. J. Ford Poult Sci 92 (E-Suppl)
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