Source: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
A NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM FOR MINOR USE ANIMAL DRUGS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0227292
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NRSP-7
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2011
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2014
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
2229 Lincoln Way
AMES,IA 50011
Performing Department
College of Veterinary Medicine
Non Technical Summary
Generating the data necessary for a label claim for an animal drug is very costly and the pharmaceutical industry is not usually interested in conducting the necessary studies. The Minor Use Animal Drug Program generates the necessary information at a lower cost and facilitates the approval of drugs that impact the health and productivity of minor species and helps ensure the safety of the food supply.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
31139101180100%
Goals / Objectives
Identify the animal drug needs for minor species and minor uses in major species

Critical and emerging needs will be identified by the Minor Use Animal Drug Program Technical Committee based on information obtained from stakeholders represented by animal industry groups and producer organizations, scientific and professional groups, literature surveillance, and research originating within the program. To further refine specific project objectives, contacts will be made with key, knowledgeable representatives from producer organizations, scientific and professional groups, government agencies, and pharmaceutical companies. Workshops and symposia also may be sponsored by the Minor Use Animal Drug Program to gather information about priority needs and emerging issues. p>Highest priority will be given to research projects that address drugs or compounds that are required to prevent or treat disease, or for reproductive management. Drugs intended for the prevention or treatment of disease or for the modification of specific physiological functions in minor species, or to treat or prevent minor diseases in major food animal species are selected over drug requests for nonfood animals. Generate and disseminate data for the safe, effective, and legal use of drugs used primarily in therapy or reproductive management of minor animal species.

All projects are initiated by the submission of an Animal Drug Request (ADR) form to a the National or Regional Animal Drug Coordinator. The ADRs will be forwarded to the FDA/CVM to request comments regarding the extent of the data package that would be required for drug/compound approval (e.g. target animal safety, efficacy, residue depletion, and/or environmental assessment studies-see below). The appropriate pharmaceutical sponsor in cooperation with the efforts of NRSP-7 will seek to gain approvals of the drug compound. Pending favorable initial review by both parties, the ADR will be ranked according to priority for the funding by the program. Upon receipt of the reviews from FDA/CVM and the pharmaceutical sponsor, a decision can be made to fund the project. The project objectives may be directed toward generating sufficient data to seek FDA/CVM approval of the drug (Objective #3), or when that is not practicable, toward generating data sufficient to support safe, effective and legal use under the AMDUCA legislation. Research not conducted in the laboratories of the Regional Animal Drug Coordinators will be conducted under subcontracts, managed by the Coordinators, to scientists in qualified laboratories at other institutions. Facilitate FDA/CVM approvals of drugs for minor species and minor uses.

Upon completion of each required study, reports of results and all raw data will be submitted to the Regional Animal Drug Coordinator for review prior to submission to FDA/CVM. Following acceptance of the data by FDA/CVM, a Public Master File will be established which is in the public domain, the notice of which will be published in the Federal Register. The pharmaceutical sponsor may refer to the Public Master File in support of a New Animal Drug Application (NADA), and ultimately the labeling of the drug for the use in the minor species, or for the minor use.

Moreover, NRSP-7 functions through the coordination of efforts among animal producers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, FDA/CVM, USDA/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, universities, state agricultural experiment stations and veterinary medical colleges though out the country. The steps involved in this coordination of efforts are described in Table 1.

Project Methods
The Minor Use Animal Drug Program seeks input from stakeholders in animal agriculture to identify and prioritize the needs for producers. The program identifies the best individuals or groups to generate data needed and assists investigators in working with the FDA/CVM and in conducting research projects. The FDA/CVM requires that Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) or Good Clinical Practices (GCP) be used to generate data. Because of this, regional coordinators often perform critical studies in their own laboratories. The program generates and disseminates data on drug efficacy, target animal safety, human food safety and environmental impact. The data are used to generate public master files (PMF) that provide the technical sections needed for support of drug approvals. The data is also made available to the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD).

Progress 09/01/11 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Producers of minor animal species such as farmed pheasants, sheep and goats, veterinarians who work with minor animal species, and pharmaceutical manufacturers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? One MS student received training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results of the fenbendazole and lasalocid studies have been published. Public Master Files have been initiated for the fenbendazole work. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The target animal safety and tissue residue studies required for approval of fenbendazole for use in prevention and treatment of gapeworm in farm-reared pheasants were conducted. Reports for each of those research studies have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration/Center for Veterinary Medicine Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation. Approval of these studies clears the way for a label claim for fenbendazole in pheasants. A target animal safety study for lasalocid for control of coccidiosis in farm-reared pheasants was also completed and submitted to the FDA/CVM. A study to verify the efficacy of Controlled Internal Release Devices (CIDRs) in goats has been submitted to the FDA/CVM. This study is the final step required for approval of CIDRs for synchronization of estrus in both meat and dairy goats.

Publications


    Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

    Outputs
    Target Audience: The target audiences include producers of goats (for CIDR’s), game birds (fenbendazole and lasalocid), and cattle (cattle fever tick project). Target audiences also include the pharmaceutical companies and state and local veterinary and regulatory authorities. Individuals concerned about animal welfare are also a target audience since some of the studies are undertaken in an effort to improve animal health and well-being. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A paper covering the target animal safety of fenbendazole in pheasants has been accepted for publication in Avian Diseases. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The study report for the efficacy of CIDR’s in goats is in preparation and will be completed. A study report covering the target animal safety of lasalocid in pheasants has been submitted to the FDA/CVM but clarification and revision will be undertaken in the coming year. The study report covering the cattle fever tick ivermectin/molasses/mineral/protein block is being prepared by USDA staff members and MUADP staff will assist as needed. The FDA/CVM Office of Minor Use Minor Species (MUMS) has identified studies for approval of fenbendazole in quail that may be undertaken in the coming year.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Research studies to determine the target animal safety (TAS) and human food safety (HFS, tissue residues) of Fenbendazole in Chinese ring-necked pheasants were completed and the study reports submitted to the FDA/CVM Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation (ONADE). The HFS study report has been accepted by ONADE. The TAS study report required some additional information and the re-submitted study report is currently under review by ONADE. In a separate project, the Minor Use Animal Drug Program is continuing to assist the USDA in the efficacy study being conducted on the ivermectin-containing molasses/mineral/protein block for eradication of cattle fever ticks in the quarantine zone in Texas.

    Publications


      Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

      Outputs
      OUTPUTS: Activities: Studies were completed on the target animal safety of feeding lasalocid (a coccidiostat) and fenbendazole (an anthelmintic or de-wormer) to farm-reared pheasants. A separate study on the tissue residues (human food safety) of fenbendazole in pheasants was completed. Work was continued on demonstration of the efficacy of CIDRg implants for synchronization of estrus in goats. Preliminary work was initiated for providing data in support of a label claim for Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin for use in small ruminant species. Events: Coordination of the U.S. Minor Use Animal Drug Program was conducted via monthly telephone conferences. Services. Advice and coordination was provided for a project in Texas on the efficacy of an ivermectin-containing mineral block for control and eradication of cattle fever ticks. Products: The animal studies provided data to be used in support of label claims for the respective products. The tulathromycin study will be used by the FDA/CVM to establish a withdrawal period for the antibiotic in goats. Dissemination: An update of the fenbendazole work in pheasants was presented at MacFarlane Pheasant's annual conference. Study reports on completed projects are submitted to the FDA/Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation. PARTICIPANTS: R.W. Griffith, Regional Coordinator; M.J. Yaeger, Co-study director; H.S. Bender, Co-study director; L.A. Tell, Co-study director; T. Vickroy, Co-study director. Partner organizations: Western and Southern Regions of the Minor Use Animal Drug Program; Postive Feeds, Ltd; MacFarlane Pheasants, Inc.; Mahantongo Game Farm, Inc.; USDA-APHIS. Training or professional development: Rungano Dzikamunhenga, MS, Iowa State University, May 2012. TARGET AUDIENCES: Gamebird, sheep, goat and cattle producers are all target audiences for the information generated by these studies. The information is critical for supporting the FDA-approval of aids to enhance the productivity, safety and well-being of the listed species. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

      Impacts
      Animal studies demonstrated that there were no toxic effects of feeding either lasalocid or fenbendazole to pheasants and that the tissue residues of fenbendazole in pheasants were below the tolerance set for commercial poultry, ie., residues were very low and safe for human consumption. Preliminary results from the trials of ivermectin in mineral blocks indicated that this was a very promising method for control and eradication of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks in the quarantine zone in southern Texas.

      Publications

      • Clothier, K.A., Leavens, T., Griffith, R.W., Wetzlich, S.E., Baynes, J.E., Rivierre, J.E. and Tell, L.A.(2012) Tulathromycin assay validation and tissue residues after single and multiple subcutaneous injections in domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35(2):113-120.
      • Clothier, K.A., Kinyon, J.M. and Griffith, R.W. (2012) Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and sensitivity to tulathromycin in goat respiratory bacterial isolates. Vet. Microbiol. 156(1-2):178-182.
      • Leavens, T.L., Tell, L.A., Clothier, K.A., Griffith, R.W., Baynes, R.E. and Riviere, J.E (2012) Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict tulathromycin distribution in goats. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35(2):121-131.